2022-2023学年湖南省岳阳市高二下学期期末教学质量监测英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1湖南省岳阳市2022-2023学年高二下学期期末教学质量监测英语试题第一部分阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题，每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A,B,C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。ATheWorld’sMostBeautifulPlacesBwindiImpenetrableForest,UgandaDense,lushandotherworldly,BwindiImpenetrableForestisoneofthelasthabitatsofthemountaingorilla.SeveralhundredcallthisUNESCO-protectednationalparkhome,withthechanceforvisitorstotrektoandmeethabituatedgroups.Itsbiodiversityextendsfarbeyonditsmostfamousinhabitants,however,almost350birdspeciesandaround220butterflyspeciescanbefoundwithinits331-square-kilometerexpanse.Samburu,KenyaThankstoitsrelativeinaccessibilityintheheartofKenya,SamburuisashelterforsomeofAfrica’smostattractivewildlife.Thegrasslandandacacia(金合欢树)-dottedlandscapesofitsnationalreservearehometotheendangeredreticulated(网状的)giraffeandGrevy’szebra,aswellasthepioneeringElephantWatchCamp.MountToubkal,MoroccoAt4,167meters(13,671feet),MountToubkallaysclaimtothetitleof“theroofofNorthAfrica.”Thepathtoitssummitzigzagsacrossemptyvalleys,pastholylandsandupsteepsnowfieldsbeforeemergingontoaridgethatfallsawaytogiveclimbersmatchlessviewsacrosstheAtlasMountains.ZhangjiajieNationalForestPark,ChinaChina’sfirstUNESCOWorldHeritageSite,ZhangjiajieNationalForestParkinHunanProvinceisknownforitstoweringsandstonepillars.Bestexploredonfoot,itsbacktrailsmakeforaneasywaytoescapethecrowdsandfindthebestviews.Asthemistsdescend,it’seasytoseewhythisareahaslongbeenaninspirationfortraditionalChinesepaintings.1.WhatdoweknowaboutBwindiImpenetrableForest?A.Itisthelasthabitatofthemountaingorilla. B.Almost350birdscanbefoundthere.C.Thereareexactly220butterflyspeciesthere. D.Wecanfindadiversityofspeciesinit.2.WhyisSamburahometosomeofmostappealingwildlifeaccordingtothepassage?A.Ithasacacia-dottedlandscapes. B.Thereisavastgrasslandthere.C.Theweatherthereisfitforwildlife. D.Itisdifficultforpeopletogothere.3.WhatdoBwindiImpenetrableForestandZhangjiajieNationalForestParkhaveincommon?A.TheyarebothundertheprotectionofUNESCO.B.Theyarebothknownforitstoweringsandstonepillars.C.Theybothhavediversespecies.D.Theybothhaveemptyvalleys.〖答案〗1.D2.D3.A【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个世界上最美的地方。【1题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段“It’sbiodiversityextendsfarbeyonditsmostfamousinhabitants,however,almost350birdspeciesandaround220butterflyspeciescanbefoundwithinits331-square-kilometerexpanse.(它的生物多样性远远超出了它最著名的居民，然而，在它331平方公里的范围内，可以发现近350种鸟类和大约220种蝴蝶)”可知，布温迪密林可以发现物种的多样性。故选D。【2题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段“ThankstoitsrelativeinaccessibilityintheheartofKenya,SamburuisashelterforsomeofAfrica’smostattractivewildlife.(由于位于肯尼亚中心地带的交通不便，桑布鲁成为了非洲一些最具吸引力的野生动物的避难所)”可知，桑布拉是一些最吸引人的野生动物的家园因为人们很难去那里。故选D。【3题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段“SeveralhundredcallthisUNESCO-protectednationalparkhome,withthechanceforvisitorstotrektoandmeethabituatedgroups.(数百人将这个受联合国教科文组织保护的国家公园称为家园，游客有机会徒步旅行并与习惯的团体会面)”以及最后一段“China’sfirstUNESCOWorldHeritageSite,ZhangjiajieNationalForestParkinHunanProvinceisknownforitstoweringsandstonepillars.(湖南省张家界国家森林公园是中国首个联合国教科文组织世界遗产，以其高耸的砂岩柱而闻名)”可知，布温迪密林和张家界国家森林公园的共同之处是都受到联合国教科文组织的保护。故选A。BWhenthepandemichit,ItoldmyeditorsI’dgowherevertheyneededMe-Italy,China,NewYork,anyofthehotspots.Theirresponsewas,essentially,easy,tiger.It’snotgoingtoworklikethatanymore.Nobodywasgoinganywhere.SoIhadtofigureoutwhattodotocontributeresponsiblytoastorythathasaffectedeverybodyintheworld.Isoonrealizeditmeantworkinginmyownbackyard,whichformemeanstheMidwest.Istarteddrivingallover,sleepsomenightsinmytruck.Iwaslookingforwhatthevirusmeanttopeoplein“flyovercountry”,apartofcountythatisoftenignored.IhadtochangethewayIwork.Howdoyouphotographpeoplefromadistance?Howdoyouenterpeople’sintimatespacesresponsibly?Ibeganusingadrone.Iwouldcallouttopeopleandsay,Hey,doyoumindifIusemycoronavirussocial-distanceflyingcameratotakeyourpicture?BeingMidwesterners,theresponsewasusually,dowhatyougottodo.Thedrone,whichIflewrelativelylowtotheground,allowedmetotakepicturesfromadistance.Butitalsoamplifiedthedystopian(反乌托邦),surrealmoodthatwe’reallgrapplingwithnow.AfterItookphotos,I’dleaveanotewithmycontactinformationontheperson’scar,onthefrontsteporinthemailbox.I’dsay,contactmeifyouwanttotellmemoreaboutwhat’sgoingoninyourlife,andI’llsendyouapicture.IwasmovedbytheresponsesIreceived,longemailsfrompeoplewhowantedtohavetheirstorytoldorjustneededsomeonetotalkto.Isawtwopeoplechattinginafrontyard,onesittingonthesteps,theotherinachairsixfeetaway.Itlookedlikeanordinarything,butthenIreceivedemailsfromthem.OneworkedinanICU;they’dbeenclosefriendstheirwholelives,andnowtheywerebothreallystruggling.Everybody’sgotanimportantstorytotell.Tomeetpeopleandphotographthem,IdecidedformyselfthatIwasanessentialworker.IfeltsogratefulthatIhadphotography,becauseIcouldbeoutintheworld,Icouldseethingsformyself.Ihadasenseofpurpose.4.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“easy,tiger”underlinedinparagraph1?A.Talktopeople. B.Gotothezoo.C.Calmdown. D.Giveupyourjob.5.What’stheattitudeofMidwesternerstowardsbeingtakenbyadrone?A.Anxious. B.Embarrassed. C.Sensitive. D.Approving.6.Whatdoesparagraph4mainlytellus?A.Photosandstorieshelptorevealthetruthoflife.B.Peoplewrotenotestothewriter.C.Thetwopeopleinapictureweretalkinghappily.D.Theneedtocommunicateisakeycharacteristicofhumansociety.7.What’sthemainideaofthepassage?A.Peopledesiredtotalkwitheachother.B.Photographyisanaidtounderstandingtheworld.C.Thewritertookphotoswithadrone.D.Adroneplaysavitalroleinaerialphotography.〖答案〗4.C5.D6.A7.B【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在疫情期间采用不同的方式继续摄影工作的经历，作者感慨摄影有助于了解世界。【4题详析】词句猜测题。根据下文“It’snotgoingtoworklikethatanymore.Nobodywasgoinganywhere.(不会再像以前那样工作了。没有人去任何地方)”可知，下文表达“不会再去像以前那样去任何地方了”可知，他们的回答很平静。可推理出划线词的含义为“冷静下来”，故选C项。【5题详析】推理判断题。根据第三段“BeingMidwesterners,theresponsewasusually,Dowhatyougottodo.Thedrone,whichIflewrelativelylowtotheground,allowedmetotakepicturesfromadistance.(作为中西部人，人们的反应通常是，做你该做的事。这架无人机，我飞得离地面相对较低，允许我从远处拍照)”可推理出，中西部人对别人使用无人机拍照持支持的态度，故选D项。【6题详析】主旨大意题。根据第四段段“IwasmovedbytheresponsesIreceived,longemailsfrompeoplewhowantedtohavetheirstorytoldorjustneededsomeonetotalkto.(我被我收到的回复所打动，这些回复是来自那些想讲述自己故事或只需要找人倾诉的人的长电子邮件)”可知，本段主要讲的是照片和故事有助于揭示生活的真相，故选A项。【7题详析】主旨大意题。根据第一段“SoIhadtofigureoutwhattodotocontributeresponsiblytoastorythathasaffectedeverybodyintheworld.(因此，我必须想办法负责任地为一个影响到世界上每个人的故事配图)”、第三段“BeingMidwesterners,theresponsewasusually,Dowhatyougottodo.(作为中西部人，人们的反应通常是，做你该做的事)”、倒数第二段“IwasmovedbytheresponsesIreceived,longemailsfrompeoplewhowantedtohavetheirstorytoldorjustneededsomeonetotalkto.(我被我收到的回复所打动，这些回复是来自那些想讲述自己故事或只需要找人倾诉的人的长电子邮件)”以及最后一段“Everybody’sgotanimportantstorytotell.Tomeetpeopleandphotographthem,IdecidedformyselfthatIwasanessentialworker.IfeltsogratefulthatIhadphotography,becauseIcouldbeoutintheworld,Icouldseethingsformyself.Ihadasenseofpurpose.(每个人都有一个重要的故事要讲。为了与人们见面并为他们拍照，我自己决定自己是一名重要的工作者。我很感激我有了摄影，因为我可以在这个世界上，我可以自己看东西。我有一种目标感)”可知，本文主要讲的是摄影有助于了解世界，故选B项。CIgrewupintheGreatLakesState,andformanyyearsnow,duringmyannualsummer,visitbacktoMichigan,I’malwayshappyaboutwhatIdon’tsee.Idon’tseecrowdsofCaliforniansrushinglovelylakesidetownslikePetoskeyorGlenArbor.Idon’tseehundredsofNewYorkersplayingaboutLakeMichiganorcomingdownthesteepwhitesandsofSleepingBearDunes.Nooffensetothemassesonbothcoasts,butI’vealwaysbeengladtheoriginalcharmsofnorthwestMichiganfeltlikemysecret-oratleastasecretheldbyasmallergroupofpeople,largelyfromtheMidwest.Lately,however,I’vebeenthinkingaboutthedownsideofbeingoutofsightandoutofmind.MostpeopleseldomthinkaboutLakesMichigan,Huron,Superior,Erie,andOntario.Manycan’tevennameallfive.Buttheyshouldcareaboutthembecause,asTimFolgerwritesinthismonth’scoverstory,theGreatLakesare“arguablythecontinent’smostpreciousresource,unmeasurablymorevaluablethanoil,gas,orcoal.”Togetherthelakesholdmorethan20percentofthesurfacefreshwateronEarthand84percentofthesurfacefreshwaterinNorthAmerica.Almost40millionAmericansandCanadians“drinkfromthelakes,fishonthem,transportgoodsoverthem,farmtheirshores,andworkincitiesthatwouldn’texist”withoutthem,Folgerwrites.Andyetweabusethemterribly:pollutingthem,introducinginvasivespecies,allowingfertilizerrunoff(径流)tocreatealgal(藻类)bloomslargeenoughthattheycanbeseenfromspace.Climatechangemeansthelakesdon’tfreezeasmuchastheyusedto,andseverestormshavebecomemorefrequent.SoreadFolger’sstory.AppreciatethebeautyofthelandscapeintheamazingphotosbyKeithLadzinski.BecomeanadvocatetoprotectourGreatLakes.8.Whatcanbeinferredfromparagraph1?A.TheGreatLakesStateiscrowded.B.Fewervisitorsarefavourablethereinsummer.C.ThewriterhopestoplayaboutLakeMichigan.D.Thewriterlikesthewarmatmosphere.9.WhatdoesTimFolgerthinkoftheGreatLakes?A.Theyareasimportantasoil.B.Theyareinfinitelysuperiortooil,gasorcoal.C.AllAmericansandCanadiansdependonthemtolive.D.Theyarethemostimportantresourceintheworld.10.WhichofthefollowingisthecurrentsituationoftheGreatLakes?A.Thelakeshold20percentofthesurfacefreshwateronEarth.B.Theydon’tfreezeatallbecauseofclimatechanges.C.Algalbloomsareinvisiblefromspace.D.Peopledon’ttreatthemwell.11.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A.TorecommendFolger’sbook.B.ToattractmorevisitorstotheGreatLakes.C.TocallonpeopletosavetheGreatLakes.D.Totellpeoplehowtosavethecontinent.〖答案〗8.B9.B10.D11.C【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者从小在五大湖区长大，但是对人们滥用五大湖区感到烦恼，作者倡导每个人都成为保护五大湖的倡导者。【8题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段的句子“Idon’tseecrowdsofCaliforniansrushinglovelylakesidetownslikePetoskeyorGlenArbor.Idon’tseehundredsofNewYorkersplayingaboutLakeMichiganorcomingdownthesteepwhitesandsofSleepingBearDunes.(我没有看到成群的加利福尼亚人涌向像佩托斯基或格伦阿伯这样美丽的湖边小镇。我没有看到数百名纽约人在密歇根湖玩耍，也没有看到他们从睡熊沙丘陡峭的白色沙滩上下来)”可推理出，没有多少游客喜欢在夏天到那里去，故选B项。【9题详析】细节理解题。根据第四段的句子“Buttheyshouldcareaboutthembecause,asTimFolgerwritesinthismonth’scoverstory,theGreatLakesare“arguablythecontinent’smostpreciousresource,unmeasurablymorevaluablethanoil,gas,orcoal.”(但他们应该关心大湖，因为正如蒂姆·福尔杰在本月的封面故事中所写的那样，大湖“可以说是美洲大陆最宝贵的资源，比石油、天然气或煤炭更有价值”)”可知，认为五大湖区比石油、天然气或煤炭优越得多，故选B项。【10题详析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的句子“Andyetweabusethemterribly:pollutingthem,introducinginvasivespecies,allowingfertilizerrunoff(径流)tocreatealgal(藻类)bloomslargeenoughthattheycanbeseenfromspace.(然而，我们对它们的滥用非常严重：污染它们，引入入侵物种，允许肥料径流产生足够大的藻华，从太空中可以看到它们)”可知，人们没有好好地对待五大湖，故选D项。【11题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段的句子“IgrewupintheGreatLakesState,andformanyyearsnow,duringmyannualsummer,visitbacktoMichigan,I’malwayshappyaboutwhatIdon’tsee.(我在五大湖州长大，多年来，在每年的夏天，我都会回到密歇根州，我总是为自己没有看到的东西感到高兴)”、倒数第二段的句子“Andyetweabusethemterribly:pollutingthem,introducinginvasivespecies,allowingfertilizerrunoff(径流)tocreatealgal(藻类)bloomslargeenoughthattheycanbeseenfromspace.(然而，我们对它们的滥用非常严重：污染它们，引入入侵物种，允许肥料径流产生足够大的藻华，从太空中可以看到它们)”以及最后一段“SoreadFolger’sstory.AppreciatethebeautyofthelandscapeintheamazingphotosbyKeithLadzinski.BecomeanadvocatetoprotectourGreatLakes(所以读一下福尔格的故事。欣赏KeithLadzinski拍摄的令人惊叹的照片中的风景之美。成为保护我们五大湖的倡导者)”可知本文的主要目的是号召人们拯救五大湖，故选C项。DAskthenewartificialintelligencetoolChatGPTtowriteanessayaboutthecauseofthe

AmericanCivilWar

andyoucanwatchitwriteapersuasivetermpaperinamatterofseconds.That’sonereasonwhyNewYorkCityschoolofficialsthisweekstartedblockingtheimpressivebutcontroversialwritingtoolthatcangenerateparagraphsofhuman-liketext.ThedecisionbythelargestU.S.schooldistricttorestricttheChatGPTwebsiteonschooldevicesandnetworkscouldhavechainreactiononotherschools,andteachersrushingtofigureouthowtopreventcheating.ThecreatorsofChatGPTsaythey’realsolookingforwaystodetectmisuse.ChatGPTlaunchedonNov.30isdevelopedbyOpenAI,whichhasacloserelationshipwithMicrosoft.It’spartofa

newgenerationofAIsystems

thatcanconverse,generatereadabletextondemandandevenproducenovelimagesandvideobasedonwhatthey’velearnedfromavastdatabaseofdigitalbooks,onlinewritingsandothermedia.TheChatGPTtoolisavailableforfreetoanyonewithaninternetconnectionanddesignedtobemoreuser-friendly.ItworkslikeawrittendialoguebetweentheAIsystemandthepersonaskingitquestions.Millionsofpeoplehaveplayedwithitoverthepastmonth,usingittowritesillypoemsorsongs,totrytotrickitintomakingmistakes,orformorepracticalpurposessuchashelpingcomposeanemail.Allofthosethingsarealsohelpingitgetsmarter.“TodetermineifsomethingwaswrittenbyahumanoranAI,youcanlookfortheabsenceofpersonalexperiencesoremotions,checkforinconsistencyinwritingstyle,andwatchfortheuseoffillerwordsorrepetitivephrases.ThesemaybesignsthatthetextwasgeneratedbyanAI.”That’swhatChatGPTtoldanAPreporterwhenaskedhowtotellthedifference.“Wedon’twantChatGPTtobeusedformisleadingpurposesinschoolsoranywhereelse,sowe’realreadydevelopingmeasurestohelpanyoneidentifytextgeneratedbythatsystem,”thecompanysaid.12.WhydoestheNewYorkschoolsaynotoChatGPT?A.Itcanwriteaconvincingtermpaperquickly. B.Manystudentsuseittowritetermpapers.C.Ithaschainreactiononotherschools. D.Itisraisingtoughquestionsabouteducation.13.HowdoesChatGPTgetsmarter?A.Bymakingmistakes. B.Byinteractingwithhumans.C.Bywritinge-mailsonitsown. D.Byusingadvancedtechnologies.14.WhatisChatGPTunabletodo?A.Generatereadabletextondemand. B.Talkwithpeople.C.Writeinconsistentwritingstyle. D.Usefillerwordstowrite.15.Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthistext?A.ChatGPT:Awritingtoolbeingrestrictedinschool.B.ChatGPT:Amisusedwritingtoolbeingwelcomeeverywhere.C.ChatGPT:Animpressiveanduniversalwritingtool.D.ChatGPT:Agenerativeandperfectlylogicalwritingtool.〖答案〗12.A13.B14.C15.A【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了ChatGPT被用于学术造假，因此被学校禁止使用。文章还介绍了ChatGPT工作原理以及识别方法。【12题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段“AskthenewartificialintelligencetoolChatGPTtowriteanessayaboutthecauseoftheAmericanCivilWarandyoucanwatchitwriteapersuasivetermpaperinamatterofseconds.That’sonereasonwhyNewYorkCityschoolofficialsthisweekstartedblockingtheimpressivebutcontroversialwritingtoolthatcangenerateparagraphsofhuman-liketext.(让新的人工智能工具ChatGPT写一篇关于美国内战起因的文章，你可以看到它在几秒钟内写出一篇有说服力的学期论文。这就是为什么纽约市的学校官员本周开始封锁这个令人印象深刻但有争议的写作工具的原因之一，这个工具可以生成类似人类的文章段落)”可知，纽约商学院拒绝ChatGPT是因为它能很快写出一篇令人信服的学期论文。故选A。【13题详析】细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“Millionsofpeoplehaveplayedwithitoverthepastmonth,usingittowritesillypoemsorsongs,totrytotrickitintomakingmistakes,orformorepracticalpurposessuchashelpingcomposeanemail.Allofthosethingsarealsohelpingitgetsmarter.(在过去的一个月里，数以百万计的人用它来写愚蠢的诗或歌曲，试图欺骗它出错，或者用于更实际的目的，如帮助撰写电子邮件。所有这些都让它变得更智能)”可知，ChatGPT通过与人类互动变得更智能。故选B。【14题详析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“TodetermineifsomethingwaswrittenbyahumanoranAI,youcanlookfortheabsenceofpersonalexperiencesoremotions,checkforinconsistencyinwritingstyle,andwatchfortheuseoffillerwordsorrepetitivephrases.ThesemaybesignsthatthetextwasgeneratedbyanAI.(为了确定某件事是由人类还是人工智能写的，你可以寻找个人经历或情感的缺失，检查写作风格的不一致，并注意填充词或重复短语的使用。这些可能表明文本是由人工智能生成的)”可知，ChatGPT不能用一致的写作风格写作。故选C。【15题详析】主旨大意题。根据第一段“AskthenewartificialintelligencetoolChatGPTtowriteanessayaboutthecauseoftheAmericanCivilWarandyoucanwatchitwriteapersuasivetermpaperinamatterofseconds.That’sonereasonwhyNewYorkCityschoolofficialsthisweekstartedblockingtheimpressivebutcontroversialwritingtoolthatcangenerateparagraphsofhuman-liketext.(让新的人工智能工具ChatGPT写一篇关于美国内战起因的文章，你可以看到它在几秒钟内写出一篇有说服力的学期论文。这就是为什么纽约市的学校官员本周开始封锁这个令人印象深刻但有争议的写作工具的原因之一，这个工具可以生成类似人类的文章段落)”结合文章主要说明了ChatGPT被用于学术造假，因此被学校禁止使用。文章还介绍了ChatGPT工作原理以及识别方法。故A选项“ChatGPT：一种在学校受到限制的书写工具”最符合文章标题。故选A。第二节(共5小题，每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。NEEDAGOODADVENTUREAdventuresexpandourworldbyallowingustoengagewithourselvesandothersinanewway.Readyforyouradventure?Here’ssomeadvice.Startsmall.Pickamanageableactivityyoucandosoon—thisweekend—closetohome.____16____Takinggradualstepsteachesyourbrainthatexperienceisnotasbadasyouexpectedandyoucanhandleit.____17____ResearchfromHarvardUniversityshowsthatpeoplewhointerpretedtheirnervousnessaboutactivitiessuchaskaraokesingingandpublicspeakingasexcitementenjoyedtheexperiencesmoreandperformedbetterthanthosewhotriedtopressdowntheiranxiety.Thischangedtheirthreatmindsetintoanopportunitymindset.Useyourimagination.____18____Sayyouwanttogoonahikebutareworriedyou’llbecomelost,hurtortooexhaustedtogethome.Trytopicturethis.Next,visualizethebest-casescene:thebeautifulview,thefunyou’llhave,yoursenseofaccomplishmentafterward.Thisexercisehelpsputfearinperspective.Writeyourselfaletter.Thinkofitasanuplifttalk.Startbyaddressingyourfear.“Iknowyou’renervous.Thisisnormalbecauseyou’releavingyourcomfortzone.”____19____Thepointistoensureyourfeelingsandremindyourselfthat,eventhoughyoufeelnervous,youcanhandlethis.Relaxabouttheoutcome.Ifyoucoulddothiswholethingperfectly,itwouldnotbetheadventureyou’relookingfor.Remember:Whateverhappens,itshouldmakeagoodstory.Imagininghowfunitwillbetotellyourfriendsaboutyouradventurousstorylaterwillhelpyoustopcomplainingnow.____20____A.Picturetheworst-casescene.B.Arouseyouranxiety.C.Thiswillbreakyourinactivityandhelpyoubuilduptobiggeradventures.D.Shifthowyouviewanxiety.E.Andyou’llfeelconnectedtoothers.F.Thiscanboostyourmoodandchangeyourthinkingbymakingyoufeelmorestressed.G.Thenwriteabouttheskillsyouhaveandthepastexperiencesthatwentwell.〖答案〗16.C17.D18.A19.G20.E【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章提供了如何开始进行冒险的建议。【16题详析】前文“Pickamanageableactivityyoucandosoon—thisweekend—closetohome.(选择一个你可以很快完成的活动——这个周末——在离家近的地方。)”建议从易完成的活动开始，后文“Takinggradualstepsteachesyourbrainthatexperienceisnotasbadasyouexpectedandyoucanhandleit.(循序渐进会让你的大脑知道，经历并不像你想象的那么糟糕，你可以处理好。)”说明循序渐进的好处，C项“Thiswillbreakyourinactivityandhelpyoubuilduptobiggeradventures.(这将打破你的惰性，帮助你建立更大的冒险。)”符合语境，说明从简单开始的好处，承接前文，呼应后文的好处，其中的This指代前一句的内容。故选C。【17题详析】空处是段落标题，需统领段落内容，且和其他段落标题一样使用祈使句的句式。后文“ResearchfromHarvardUniversityshowsthatpeoplewhointerpretedtheirnervousnessaboutactivitiessuchaskaraokesingingandpublicspeakingasexcitementenjoyedtheexperiencesmoreandperformedbetterthanthosewhotriedtopressdowntheiranxiety.Thischangedtheirthreatmindsetintoanopportunitymindset.(哈佛大学的研究表明，那些将自己对卡拉OK和公开演讲等活动的紧张情绪理解为兴奋的人，比那些试图压制焦虑情绪的人更享受这些经历，表现也更好。这让他们的威胁心态变成了机会心态。)”具体说明转变焦虑心态的好处，D项“Shifthowyouviewanxiety.(改变你对焦虑的看法。)”符合语境，建议改变对焦虑的看法，可以统领后文内容。故选D。【18题详析】空处位于段首，需引出后文内容。本段的标题“Useyourimagination.(发挥你的想象力。)”建议想象，后文“Sayyouwanttogoonahikebutareworriedyou’llbecomelost,hurtortooexhaustedtogethome.Trytopicturethis.(比如说你想去徒步旅行，但担心你会迷路、受伤或太累而无法回家。试着想象一下。)”具体描述想象中的遇到糟糕的事情，A项“Picturetheworst-casescene.(想象最坏的情况。)”符合语境，建议开始最坏的情况的想象，呼应标题，引出后文的事情，与后文的visualizethebest-casescene形成对照。故选A。【19题详析】前文“Thinkofitasanuplifttalk.Startbyaddressingyourfear.“Iknowyou’renervous.Thisisnormalbecauseyou’releavingyourcomfortzone.”(就当这是一次鼓舞人心的谈话吧。从解决你的恐惧开始。“我知道你很紧张。这很正常，因为你要离开自己的舒适区。”)”建议通过写信来和自我对话，介绍首先安慰自己很正常，G项“Thenwriteabouttheskillsyouhaveandthepastexperiencesthatwentwell.(然后写下你所拥有的技能和过去顺利的经历。)”符合语境，介绍写下能够鼓舞自己的技能和经历，承接前文的写信内容。故选G。【20题详析】空处位于段尾，需承接前文内容。前文“Imagininghowfunitwillbetotellyourfriendsaboutyouradventurousstorylaterwillhelpyoustopcomplainingnow.(想象一下以后告诉你的朋友你的冒险故事会有多有趣，这会帮助你现在停止抱怨。)”说明想象和朋友讲冒险故事的好处，E项“Andyou’llfeelconnectedtoothers.(你会觉得和别人有联系。)”符合语境，进一步说明这件事的好处，承接前文的好处。故选E。第二部分语言知识运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A,B,C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。AsaBoy,JohnKerrwantedtobeafiremanoraparkranger(护林员).Lookingbackonthatchildhoodfantasy,hesays,“Ithinkitwasthehat.”___21___,hespentfourdecadesatoneofpublicbroadcasting’sflagshipstationsinBoston.He___22___in2005attheageof65withoutanyparticularpostcareer___23___inmind.Afterseveralidleweeks,hedecidedtodrivehiscampertovisitfamilyinJacksonHole,Wyoming.Ontheroute,hestopped___24___attheYellowstoneParkFoundation,which___25___fundsforYellowstone,America’sfirstnationalpark.Asithappens,thefoundationwas___26___peopletoeducateparkguestsonwolves.Kerrsignedon.Later,attheurgingofhisdaughter,aforestryschoolgraduate,Kerr___27___theStudentConservationAssociationforaninternship(实习).TosaythatKerrstoodoutintheinterncrowdisamassiveunder-statement.Mostinternswerecollegeandevenhighschoolstudents.But,inasense,hehadbeen___28___forthissincehisyouth.Hisoutdoor___29___withhisgrandfatherhadgivenhimaloveof___30___,and,asa(n)___31___,hehadhelpedoutatthelocalfiredepartmentonmedicalcalls.Healsohadsomethingelse.Thereare31millionAmericansbetweentheagesof44and70—someretiredandlookingforathirdact,somelookingforamore___32___career—___33___forsomethingwheretheyfeelasifthey’remakingacontribution.Kerralsohadthatdeepurgetodosomethingmore.Fromhisinternship,hemoveduptoranger.He___34___hismanagementofwhathedescribesasoneofthemostbeautifulplacesonEarth.“Thesearerichandall-too-rarememories,”___35___Kerr.“Ineverforgetthem.”21.A.Instead B.Otherwise C.Therefore D.Similarly22.A.returned B.worked C.continued D.retired23.A.care B.goal C.note D.risk24.A.onduty B.insecret C.ofcourse D.byaccident25.A.accepts B.raises C.changes D.receives26.A.hiring B.ordering C.firing D.forcing27.A.apologizedto B.contributedto C.appliedto D.referredto28.A.prepared B.called C.stopped D.observed29.A.jobs B.adventures C.trades D.problems30.A.animals B.plants C.nature D.parks31.A.kid B.boy C.child D.adult32.A.burdensome B.difficult C.dangerous D.satisfying33.A.allowing B.applying C.searching D.arranging34.A.treasures B.replaces C.reconsiders D.plans35.A.tries B.warns C.recalls D.imagines〖答案〗21.A22.D23.B24.D25.B26.A27.C28.A29.B30.C31.D32.D33.C34.A35.C【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要记述了JohnKerr童年的梦想以及退休后的工作。【21题详析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：相反，他在波士顿的一家公共广播旗舰电台工作了40年。A.Instead相反；B.Otherwise否则；C.Therefore因此；D.Similarly同样。根据前文的“AsaBoy,JohnKerrwantedtobeafiremanoraparkranger”可知，约翰·科尔小时候想成为一名消防员或护林员，现在他在波士顿的一家公共广播旗舰电台工作了40年，两句话为转折关系。故选A项。【22题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：2005年，65岁的他退休了，没有任何特别的职业生涯后目标。A.returned返回；B.worked工作；C.continued继续；D.retired退休。根据后文的“attheageof65withoutanyparticularpostcareerinmind.”可知，在65岁时他退休了。故选D项。【23题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：2005年，65岁的他退休了，没有任何特别的职业生涯后目标。A.care关心；B.goal目标；C.note便条；D.risk风险。根据后文的“Afterseveralidleweeks”可知，他过了几个星期的闲散时光，因为他头脑中没有任何特别的职业生涯后目标。故选B项。【24题详析】考查介词短语辨析。句意：途中，他偶然在黄石公园基金会前停了下来，该基金会为美国第一个国家公园黄石筹集资金。A.onduty值班；B.insecret秘密；C.ofcourse当然；D.byaccident偶然。根据前文的“hedecidedtodrivehiscampertovisitfamilyinJacksonHole,Wyoming.”可知，他决定开着他的露营车去拜访怀俄明州杰克逊霍尔的家人，可见在黄石公园基金会前停了下来是偶然的。故选D项。【25题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：途中，他偶然在黄石公园基金会前停了下来，该基金会为美国第一个国家公园黄石筹集资金。A.accepts接受；B.raises筹款；C.changes改变；D.receives接受。根据前文的“theYellowstoneParkFoundation”和后文的“fundsforYellowstone”可知，黄石公园基金会是为黄石公园筹集资金。故选B项。【26题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：碰巧的是，该基金会正在雇人向公园的游客介绍狼。A.hiring雇佣；B.ordering命令；C.firing解雇；D.forcing强迫。根据后文的“peopletoeducateparkguestsonwolves.Kerrsignedon.”可知，基金会雇人工作。故选A项。【27题详析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：后来，在毕业于林业学校的女儿的敦促下，克尔向学生保护协会申请实习。A.apologizedto向……道歉；B.contributedto有助于；C.appliedto申请；D.referredto提到，查阅。根据后文的“theStudentConservationAssociationforaninternship(实习).”可知，他向学生保护协会申请实习的机会。故选C项。【28题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是，从某种意义上说，他从小就为此做好了准备。A.prepared准备；B.called呼叫；C.stopped停止；D.observed观察到。根据后文的“Hisoutdoorwithhisgrandfatherhadgivenhimaloveof10”可知，他和祖父的户外冒险经历让他爱上了大自然，从这种意义上说，他从小就为此做好了准备。故选A项。【29题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他和祖父的户外冒险经历让他爱上了大自然，并且成年后，他曾在当地消防部门帮忙处理医疗呼叫。A.jobs工作；B.adventures冒险；C.trades交易；D.problems问题。根据前文的“But,inasense,hehadbeen8forthissincehisyouth.Hisoutdoor”可知，这是他没成年时和祖父出去，故这不是他的工作，这是户外的冒险。故选B项。【30题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他和祖父的户外冒险经历让他爱上了大自然，并且成年后，他曾在当地消防部门帮忙处理医疗呼叫。A.animals动物；B.plants植物；C.nature自然；D.parks公园。根据前文的“Hisoutdoorwithhisgrandfather”可知，他爱上的是大自然。故选C项。【31题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他和祖父的户外冒险经历让他爱上了大自然，并且成年后，他曾在当地消防部门帮忙处理医疗呼叫。A.kid孩子；B.boy男孩；C.child孩子；D.adult成年人。根据后文的“hehadhelpedoutatthelocalfiredepartmentonmedicalcalls.”可知，他曾在当地消防部门帮忙处理医疗呼叫是他成年后做的事情。故选D项。【32题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：年龄在44岁到70岁之间的美国人有3100万，其中一些人退休了，正在寻找第三人生，一些人在寻找更令人满意的职业，寻找他们觉得自己在做出贡献的东西。A.burdensome繁重的；B.difficult困难的；C.dangerous危险的；D.satisfying令人满意的。根据后文的“forsomethingwheretheyfeelasifthey’remakingacontribution.”可知，这些工作是令人满意的。故选D项。【33题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：年龄在44岁到70岁之间的美国人有3100万，其中一些人退休了，正在寻找第三人生，一些人在寻找更令人满意的职业，寻找他们觉得自己在做出贡献的东西。A.allowing允许；B.applying应用；C.searching搜索；D.arranging排列。根据前文的“someretiredandlookingforathirdact,somelookingforamorecareer”可知，退休的人们在寻找新的目标。故选C项。【34题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他很珍惜自己对这个他称之为地球上最美丽的地方之一的管理。A.treasures珍爱；B.replaces取代；C.reconsiders重新考虑；D.plans计划。根据前文的“AsaBoy,JohnKerrwantedtobeafiremanoraparkranger”和“Fromhisinternship,hem