高考英语阅读理解真题分类汇编(2016-2018年)

高考英语阅读理解真题汇编

（精选2016-2018年三年考试真题，后附名师解析答案）

（精绝精品资料，掌握历年真题考点，值得下载打印练习）

新闻报道、广告类

画

考纲解读

考点分布考纲解读命题趋势

总的趋势：高考英语阅读理解的命题设计将坚持能力立

根据《高考英语考试大纲》的要求，考

应用文

意的命题理念，集知识性、趣味性和思想性为一体，体

生除了要能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一

现语言灵活运用的需求。其具体特点表现为：

般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、

1、指导思想：强化新课程理念，以引导学生树立正确

记叙文

广告等。并能从中获取相关信息。考生

的人生观和价值观。

要理解主旨要义、理解文中具体信息、

2、命题原则：重视“新材料、新语境”的创设与运用。

根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义、做

说明文3、选材特点：原汁原味，具有浓郁的英语语言文化色

出判断和推理、理解文章的基本结构、

彩。

理解作者的意图、观点和态度。这就要

4、体裁分布：记叙文、说明文、议论文和应用文等。

求考生既要理解具体的事实，也要理解

5、题材定位：题材多样化，包括日常生活、社会、文

抽象的概念；既要理解字面意思，也要

化、政治、经济、新闻、史地、人物传记等。坚持“人

根据字面意思推断没有明确说出的深

文性”和“时代感”

层含义，包括作者的态度、意图等；既

议论文6、文本字数：一般在280-350词之间

理解某句、某段的含义，也理解全篇的

7、出题特点；主要以细节理解、推理判断为主，穿插

逻辑关系，并据此进行推理和判断：既

词义猜测和主旨大意。

能根据文章所提供的信息去理解，也能

8、难度预测：通过“新突破、新高度”，充分体现选拔

结合自己应有的常识去理解。

的功能。

I屋真题链接

【2018・全国I】Washington,D.C.BicycleTours

CherryBlossomBikeTourinWashington,D.C.

DurationTour

Thissmallgroupbiketourisafantasticwaytoseeaworld-famouscherrytreeswithbeautiful

flowersofWashington,D.C.Yourguidewillprovideahistorylessonaboutthetreesandthefamous

monumentswheretheyblossom.Reserveyourspotbeforeavailability—thecherry

blossoms-disappear!

WashingtonCapitalMonumentsBicycleTour

Duration^hours(4miles)

JoinaguidedbiketourandviewsomeofthemostpopularmonumentsinWashington,D.C.

ExplorethemonumentsandmemorialsontheNationalMallasyourguidesharesuniquefactsand

historyateachstop.Guidedtourincludesbike,helmet,cookiesandbottledwater.

CapitalCityBikeTourInWashington,D.C.

Duration:3hours

MorningorAfternoon,thisbiketouristheperfecttourforD.C.newcomersandlocalslooking

toexperienceWashington,D.C.inahealthywaywithminimumeffort.Knowledgeableguideswill

entertainyouwiththemostinterestingstoriesaboutPresidents,Congress,memorials,andparks.

Comfortablebikesandasmoothtourroute(路线)makecyclingbetweenthesitesfunandrelaxing.

WashingtonCapitalSitesatNightBicycleTour

Duration3hours(7miles)

JoinasmallgroupbiketourforaneveningofexplorationintheheartofWashington,D.C.Get

upclosetothemonumentsandmemorialsasyourbikethesitesofCapitolHillandtheNational

Mall.Frequentstopsaremadeforphototakingasyourguideoffersuniquefactsandhistory.Tour

includesbike,helmet,andbottledwater.Ailridersareequippedwithreflectivevestsandsafety

lights.

1.Whichtourdoyouneedtobookinadvance?

A.CherryBlossomlikeTourinWashington,D.C.B.WashingtoncapitalMonuments

BicycleTour.

C.CapitalCityBikeTourinWashington,D.C.D.WashingtonCapitalSitesatNight

BicycleTour.

2.WhatwillyoudoontheCapitalCityBikeTour?

A.Meetfamouspeople.B.Gotoanationalpark.

C.Visitwell-knownmuseums.D.Enjoyinterestingstories.

3.Whichofthefollowingdoesthebicycletouratnightprovide?

A.Citymaps.B.Cameras.C.MealsD.Safety

lights

【答案】21.A22.D23.D

【解析】本文是•篇广告应用文。文章介绍了骑自行车到Washington,D.C.旅游的四中路线

的相关行程及注意事项。

1.细节理解题。根据文章CherryBlossomB汰eTourinWashington,D.C.中的Reserveyourspot

beforeavailability.可知，这个骑行项目需要提前预约。故选A。

2.细节理解题。根据CapitalCityBikeTourInWashington,D.C.中的Knowledgeableguideswill

entertainyouwiththemostinterestingstoriesaboutPresident,Congress,memorials,andparks.可

知，在这个活动中，你可以享受有趣的故事。故选D。

3.细节理解题。根据文章WashingtonCapitalSitesatNightBicycleTour中的Allridersare

equippedwithreflectivevestsandsafetylights,可知，所有骑行者都要装备反光背心和安全手电

筒。故选D。

4.

【2018•全国II]SummerActivities

Studentsshouldreadthelistwiththeirparents/careers,andselecttwoactivitiesthey

wouldliketodo.Formswillbeavailableinschoolandonlineforthemtoindicatetheirchoicesand

returntoschool.Beforechoicesarefinalized,parents/careerswillbeaskedtosigntoconfirmtheir

child'schoices.

ActivityDescriptionMemberofstaffCost

Takeyourselfoutofyourcomfortzoneforaweek,

OutdoorAdventure(OUT)discovernewpersonalqualities,andlearnnewskills.Mr.Clemens£140

Youwillbeabletotakepartinanumberofactivities

fromcanoeingtowildcampingonDartmoor.Learn

rockclimbingandworkasateam,andenjoythegreat

outdoorenvironment.

OnMondaywetraveltoLondon.Afterstaying

overnightinLondon,wetravelonDay2tonorthern

FrancetovisittheWorldWarIbattlefields.OnDay3

WWIBattlefields

wecrossintoBelgium.Thursdayseesusmaketheshort

andParisMrs.Milson£425

journeytoPariswherewewillvisitDisneylandParis

(WBP)

park,stayinguntillatetoseetheparadeandthe

fireworks.Ourfinalday,Friday,seesusvisitcentral

Parisandtourthemainsights.

Fourdaysofproductdesigncentredaroundtextiles.

Crafty

Makinglovelyobjectsusingrecycledandmade

FoxesMrs.Goode£30

materials.Bags,cushionsanddecorations...Learnskills

(CRF)

andleavewithmodemandunusualtextiles.

VisitWarnerBrosStudio,shopstoptobuypicnic,stay

overnightinanapprovedYouthHostelinStreatley-on

PottyaboutPotter-Thames,guidedtourofOxfordtoseethefilm

MissDrake£150

(POT)locations,picniclunchoutsideOxford^Christchurch,

boatingontheRiverCherwellthroughtheUniversity

Parks,beforeheadingbacktoExeter.

4.Whichactivitywillyouchooseifyouwanttogocamping?

A.OUT.B.WBP.C.CRF.D.POT.

5.WhatwillthestudentsdoonTuesdaywithMrs.Wilson?

A.TraveltoLondon.B.Seeaparadeandfireworks.

C.TourcentralParis.D.VisittheWWIbattlefields.

6.HowlongdoesPottyaboutPotterlast?

A.Twodays.B.Fourdays.C.Fivedays.D.Oneweek.

【答案】4.A5.D6.A

【解析】本文是一篇广告布告类说明文。文中讲述了家长和孩子一起挑选可以参加的活动。

文中分别对这些活动的名称，活动内容，活动特色和活动组织工作人员还有活动的价格进行

了详细的描述。

4.细节理解题。根据题干中的gocamping,我们可以迅速浏览到第一个活动当中的wild

camping(野外露营)这个关键信息。故选A。

5.细节理解题。根据题干中的withWilson,我们可以锁，定第二个活动。根据OnMondaywe

traveltoLondon.AfterstayingovernightinLondon,wetravelonDay2tonorthernFrancetovisit

theWorldWarIbattlefields.可知，星期一是去往伦敦并在伦敦住一夜，第二天也就是星期二

到法国北部去参观一战的战场，故选D。

6.细节理解题。根据题干中的信息PottyaboutPotteMast我们从最后一种活动来寻找答案。

关键信息overnight意为“一夜的逗留:故这个活动是持续两天。故选A。

【2018•全国III】WelcometoHolkerHall&Gardens

VisitorInformation

HowloGeltoHolker

ByCar：FollowbrownsignsanA590fromJB6,M6.Approximatetraveltimes:

Windermere-20minutes,Kendal-25minutes,Lancaster-45minutes,Manchester-1hour30minutes.

ByRail:TheneareststationisCark-in-CartmelwithtrainstoCarnforth,LancasterPrestonfor

connectionstomajorcities&airports.

OpeningTimes

Sunday-Friday(closedonSaturday)!1:00am-4:00pm,30March-2ndNovember.

AdmissionCharges

Hall&GardensGardens

Adults:£12.00£8.00

Groups£9£5.5

Producers:Market13thApril

Joinustotasteavarietyoffreshlocalfoodanddrinks.Meettheproducersandgetsome

excellentrecipeideas.

HolkerGardenFestival30thMay

Theeventcelebrateits22ndanniversarywithagreatshowoftheverybestofgardening,

makingitoneofthemostpopulareventsingardening.

NationalGardenDay28thAugust

Holkeronceagainopensisgardensinaidofthedisadvantaged.Forjustasmalldonationyou

cantakeatourwithourgardenguide.

WinterMarket8thNovember

Thisisaneventforallthefamily.Wanderamongavarietyofshopssellinggiftswhileenjoying

alivemusicshowandnicestreetentertainment.

7.HowlongdoesitprobablytakeatouristtodrivetoHolkerfromManchester?

A.20minutes.B.25minutes.C.45minutes.D.90

minutes.

8.HowmuchshouldamemberofatourgrouppaytovisittoHall&Cardens?

A.£12.00.B.£9.00.C.£8.0D.£5.50

9.Whicheventwillyougotoifyouwanttoseealivemusicshow?

A.Producers1Market.B.HolkerGardenFestival.C.NationalGardenDay.D.

WinterMarket.

【答案】7.D8.B9.D

【解析】文章为旅游指南。文章主要介绍了去HolkerHall&Garden旅游的相关信息，如：

出行方式，开放时间，旅行费用以及主要活动等。

7.细节理解题。根据第一段HowtoGettoHolker中Bycar里Approximatetraveltimes后面

内容可知，从Manchester至！JHolker要用1hourand30minutes,即90分钟，故选D。

8.细节理解题。根据AdmissionCharges可知，团体中的一员去Hall&Gardens需要支付9

英镑。

9.细节理解题。根据文章最后•段WinterMarket中最后Wanderamongavarietyofshops

sellinggiftswhileenjoyingalivemusicshowandnicestreetentertainment.nJ',如果想去看现

场表演需要去WinterMarketo故选D。

[2018-天津]FirePreventionInformation

TheUniversityofAdelaideemploysafull-timestaffoffirepreventionprofessionals.They

inspectallcampusbuildingsandtestandmaintainallsprinkler（喷水灭火装置）systemsfirealarms

andfireextinguishers（灭火器）.Theyalsoprovideeducationalprogramsorfiresafetyinthe

residencehall.Wheneveryoumovetoanewarea,youshouldlocatethefirealarmpullstationsand

thetwoexitsnearestyourroom.

FireAlarms

Thefloorsofallcampusbuildingsareequippedwithmanual（手动的）firealarmsystems

whichincludefirealarmpullstationsandpipes.Mostarealsoequippedwithautomaticfirealarm

systemsconsistingofheatdetectors,smokedetectorsandsprinklers.Foryoursafety,nevertamper

with（胡舌L摆弄）thesesystems.Falsefirealarmsareillegalandmayleadtoimprisonment.

FireDrills

Afiredrillwillbeconductedinyourresidencehalleverysemester.Duringafiredrill,please

dothefollowing:

•TakeyourroomkeyandID,closeandlockthedoortoyourroom.

•Exitimmediatelyfromthenearestemergencyexitdonotusealift.

•Meetoutsideofyourresidencehallandwaitforfurtherinstructions.

FireExtinguishers

Fireextinguishersarelocatedoneachfloorandineachapartment.Useafireextinguisheronly

ifyouhavebeentrainedtodoso.Irresponsibleuseofafireextinguishercancreateadangerous

situationforotherresidentsandcouldresultindamagetopersonalproperty.

Misuseofafireextinguisherwillresultinfines.

SmokeDetector

Asmokedetectorisontheceilinginyourroom.Somebuildingsalsohaveheatdetectorsonthe

ceilings.Dothefollowingtoensurethesafeoperationofyoursmokedetector:

•Ifyoursmokedetectorisworkingproperly,theredlightshouldbeon.Iftheredlightisnot

blinking（闪动），contactresidencehallstaffimmediately.

•Donotcoverorblockyoursmokedetectorinanyway.

•Ifasmokedetectorsetsoffanalarmandthereisnofireorsmoke,informyourhallstaff.

10.Whatisthemaindutyofthefirepreventionprofessionals?

A.Toprovidepart-timejobsforstudents.B.Toleadthestudentstothenearest

exits.

C.Tocheckandmaintainfirepreventionequipment.D.Totrainteacherstobefire

preventionprofessionals.

11.Whatdotheautomaticfirealarmsystemsinclude?

A.Pipesandsmokedetectors.B.Smokedetectorsandsprinklers.

C.Firealarmpullstationsandpipes.D.Sprinklersandfirealarmpull

stations

12.Inafiredrill,thestudentsshould

A.rushquicklytoaliftB.gatheratthenearestexit.

C.shutthedoorandleaveatonceD.waitforinstructionsinthehall

13.Whatdoweknowabouttheuseoffireextinguishers?

A.Usingthemwronglyresultsinpunishment.B.Irresponsibleuseofthemcan

damagethem.

C.Improperuseofthemcandestroytheapartment.D.Usingthemwithoutatrainer

presentisforbidden.

14.Toensurethesafeoperationofthesmokedetector,oneshould.

A.contactthehallstaffregularlyB.coverthethingsthatbumeasily

C.startthesmokedetectorinafireD.makecertaintheredlightis

working

【答案】10.C11.B12.C13.A14.D

【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要从火警、消防训练、灭火器和烟雾探测器的使用等方

面介绍了一些防火信息.

10.细节理解题。根据文章第一段Theyinspectallcampusbuildingsandtestandmaintainall

sprinkler（喷水灭火装置）systemsfirealarmsandfireextinguishers（灭火器）.可知，专职消防人

员主要职责是检查、测试和维护所有的校园建筑物防火装备。故选C。

11.细节理解题。根据文章FireAlarm中的句子Mostarealsoequippedwithautomaticfirealarm

systemsconsistingheatdetectors,smokedetectorsandsprinklers.可知，火灾自动报警系统由热

探测器，烟雾探测器和喷头组成。故选B。

12.细节理解题。根据文章FireDrills中的句子TakeyourroomkeyandID,closeandlockthe

doortoyou「room.和Exitimmediatelyfromthenearestemergencyexitdonotusealift.可知，在

消防演习中，学生锁好门并立即从最近的紧急出口离开。故选C。

13.细节理解题。根据文章FireExtinguishers中的句子Misuseofafireextinguisherwillresult

infines.可知，误用灭火器会导致罚款。故选A。

14.细节理解题。根据文章SmokeDetector中的句子Ifyoursmokedetectorisworkingproperly,

theredlightshouldbeon.Iftheredlightisnotblinking（闪动），contactresidencehallstaff

immedialely.可知，烟雾探测器是否安全运行，看红灯是否闪动。故选D。

【2018•北京】FindYourAdventureattheSpaceandAviation（航空）Center

Ifyou'relookingforauniqueadventure,theSpaceandAviationCenter（SAC）istheplaceto

be.TheCenteroffersprogramsdesignedtochallengeandinspirewithhands-ontasksandlotsof

fun.

Morethan750,000havegraduatedfromSAC,withmanyseekingemploymentin

engineering,aviation,education,medicineandawidevarietyofotherprofessions.Theycometo

camp,wantingtoknowwhatitisliketobeanastronautorapilot,andtheyleavewithreal-world

applicationsforwhatthey'restudyingintheclassroom.

Forthetrainees,theprogramsalsoofferagreatwaytoeammeritbadges（荣誉徽章）.At

SpaceCamp,traineescaneamtheirSpaceExplorationbadgeastheybuildandfiremodelrockets,

learnaboutspacetasksandtrysimulated（模拟）flyingtospacewiththecrewfromalloverthe

world.TheAviationChallengeprogramgivestraineesthechancetoearntheirAviationbadge.

Theylearntheprinciplesofflightandtesttheiroperatingskillsinthecockpit（驾驶舱）ofavariety

offlightsimulators.TraineesalsogetagoodstartontheirWildernessSurvivalbadgeastheylearn

aboutwater-andland-survivalthroughdesignedtasksandtheirsearchandrescueof"downed”

pilot.

Withalltheprograms,teamworkiskeyastraineeslearntheimportanceofleadershipand

beingpartofabiggertask.

Allthisfunisavailableforages9to18.Familiescanenjoytheexperiencetogether,too,with

FamilyCampprogramsforfamilieswithchildrenasyoungas7.

Stayanhourorstayaweek-thereissomethinghereforeveryone!

Formoredetails,pleasevisitusonlineat.

15.WhydopeoplecometoSAC?

A.Toexperienceadventures.B.Tolookforjobsinaviation.

C.Togetadegreeinengineering.D.Tolearnmoreaboutmedicine.

16.ToearnaSpaceExplorationbadge,atraineeneedsto.

A.flytospaceB.getanAviationbadgefirst

C.studytheprinciplesofflightD.buildandfiremodelrockets

17.Whatisthemostimportantfortrainees?

A.Leadership.B.Teamspirit.C.Taskplanning.D.

Survivalskills.

【答案】15.A16.D17.B

【解析】本文是一篇广告应用文。文章主要从辉煌历史、学习内容和招收成员的要求三个

方面介绍了SAC（宇航中心）的培训项目，并呼吁大家多多支持SAC。

15.A细节理解题。根据文章第•段中的"Ifyou'relookingforauniqueadventure,theSpace

andAviationCenter（SAC）istheplacetobe.”可知，SAC可以提供独一无二的冒险经历。故选

Ao

16.D细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“AtSpaceCamp,traineescanearntheirSpace

Explorationbadgeastheybuildandfiremodelrockets,learnaboutspacetasksandtrysimulated

（模拟）flyingtospacewiththecrewfromallovertheworld.“可知，要想得到徽章，需要制作火

箭模型并点火。故选D。

17.B细节理解题。根据文章倒数第四段“Withalltheprograms,teamworkiskeyastrainees

leamtheimportanceofleadershipandbeingpartofabiggertask.”可知，团队合作是被训练者最

重要的素质。故选B。

【2018•江苏】Childrenasyoungastenarebecomingdependentonsocialmediafortheirsense

ofself-worth,amajorstudywarned.

Itfoundmanyyoungsters（少年）nowmeasuretheirstatusbyhowmuchpublicapprovalthey

getonline,oftenthrough“like”.Somechangetheirbehaviorinreallifetoimprovetheirimageon

theweb.

Thereportintoyoungstersagedfrom8to12wascaiTiedoutbyChildren'sCommissioner

（专员）AnneLongfield.Shesaidsocialmediafirmswereexposingchildrentomajoremotional

risks,withsomeyoungstersstartingsecondaryschoolill-equippedtocopewiththetremendous

pressuretheyfacedonline.

Somesocialappswerepopularamongthechildreneventhoughtheysupposedlyrequire

userstobeatleast13.Theyoungstersadmittedplanningtripsaroundpotentialphoto-opportunities

andthenmessagingfriends—andfriendsoffriends—todemand“likes“fortheironlineposts.

Thereportfoundthatyoungstersfelttheirfriendshipscouldbeatriskiftheydidnotrespond

tosocialmediapostsquickly,andaroundtheclock.

Childrenaged8to10were"startingtofeelhappy1'whenotherslikedtheirposts.However,

thoseinthe10to12agegroupwere''concernedwithhowmanypeopleliketheirposts'1,

suggestinga"need"fbrsocialrecognitionthatgetsstrongertheoldertheybecome.

MissLongfieldwarnedthatagenerationofchildrenriskedgrowingup"worriedabouttheir

appearanceandimageasaresultoftheunrealisticlifestylestheyfollowonplatforms,and

increasinglyanxiousaboutswitchingoffduetotheconstantdemandsofsocialmedia.

Shesaid:"Childrenareusingsocialmediawithfamilyandfriendsandtoplaygameswhen

theyareinprimaryschool.Butwhatstartsasfunusageofappsturnsintotremendouspressurein

realsocialmediainteractionatsecondaryschool.n

Astheirworldexpanded,shesaid,childrencomparedthemselvestoothersonlineinaway

thatwas"hugelydamagingintermsoftheirself-identity,intermsoftheirconfidence,butalsoin

termsoftheirabilitytodevelopthemselves".

MissLongfieldadded:"Thenthereisthispushtoconnect-ifyougooffline,willyoumiss

something,willyoumissout,willyoushowthatyoudon'tcareaboutthosepeopleyouare

following,allofthosecometogetherinahugewayatonce.^^

"Forchildrenitisvery,verydifficulttocopewithemotionally."TheChildren's

CommissionerforEngland'sstudy—lifeinLikes—foundthatchildrenasyoungas8wereusing

socialmediaplatformslargelyforplay.

However,theresearch-involvingeightgroupsof32childrenaged8to12-suggestedthat

astheyheadedtowardtheirteens,theybecameincreasinglyanxiousonline.

Bythetimetheystartedsecondaryschool—atage11-childrenwerealreadyfarmoreaware

oftheirimageonlineandfeltunderhugepressuretoensuretheirpostswerepopular,thereport

found.

However,theystilldidnotknowhowtocopewithmean-spiritedjokes,orthesenseof

incompetencetheymightfeeliftheycomparedthemselvestocelebrities（名人）ormorebrilliant

friendsonline.Thereportsaidtheyalsofacedpressuretorespondtomessagesatallhoursofthe

day一especiallyatsecondaryschoolwhenmoreyoungstershavemobilephones.

TheChildren'sCommissionersaidschoolsandparentsmustnowdomoretopreparechildren

fbrtheemotionalminefield（雷区）theyfacedonline.Andshesaidsocialmediacompaniesmust

also“takemoreresponsibility".Theyshouldeithermonitortheirwebsitesbettersothatchildren

donotsignuptooearly,ortheyshouldadjusttheirwebsitestotheneedsofyoungerusers.

JavedKhan,ofchildren'scharityBamardo's,said:"It'svitalthatnewcompulsoryage-

appropriaterelationshipandsexeducationlessonsinEnglandshouldhelpequipchildrentodeal

withthegrowingdemandsofsocialmedia.

“It'salsohugelyimportantfbrparentstoknowwhichappstheirchildrenareusing.”

18.Whydidsomesecondaiyschoolstudentsfeeltoomuchpressure?

A.Theywerenotprovidedwithadequateequipment.B.Theywerenotwellpreparedfor

emotionalrisks.

C.Theywererequiredtogivequickresponses.D.Theywerepreventedfromusing

mobilephones.

19.Somesocialappcompaniesweretoblamebecause.

A.theydidn'tadequatelychecktheirusers'registrationB.theyorganizedphototripstoattract

moreyoungsters

C.theyencouragedyoungsterstopostmorephotosD.theydidn'tstopyoungstersfrom

stayinguplate

20.Children'scomparingthemselvestoothersonlinemayleadto.

A.lessfriendlinesstoeachotherB.lowerself-identityandconfidence

C.anincreaseinonlinecheatingD.astrongerdesiretostayonline

21.AccordingtoLifeinLikes,aschildrengrew,theybecamemoreanxiousto.

A.circulatetheirpostsquicklyB.knowthequalitiesoftheirposts

C.usemobilephonesforplayD.getmorepublicapproval

22.Whatshouldparentsdotosolvetheproblem?

A.Communicatemorewithsecondaryschools,B.Urgemediacompaniestocreate

saferapps.

C.Keeptrackofchildren'suseofsocialmedia,D.Forbidtheirchildrenfromvisiting

theweb.

23.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?

A.Theinfluenceofsocialmediaonchildren.B.Theimportanceofsocialmediato

children.

C.Theprobleminbuildingahealthyrelationship.D.Themeasuretoreducerisksfrom

socialmedia.

【答案】18.B19.A20.B21.D22.C23.A

【解析】本文是•篇新闻报道，主要就“点赞中的人生”的项目研究分析了社交媒体和中学生

面临的压力二者之间的关系，以及社交媒体对孩子们带来的多重影响。

18.B细节理解题。根据第二段“…socialmediafirmswereexposingchildrentomajoremotional

risks,withsomeyoungstersstartingsecondaryschoolill-equippedtocopewiththetremendous

pressuretheyfacedonline.,,社交媒体公司让孩子们面临重大的情感风险，一些青少年在中学

时就没有能力应对他们在网上面临的巨大压力可知，中学生还没有对情感风险做好充分的准

备，所以他们感到压力巨大，故选B项。

19..A细节理解题。根据第三段“Somesocialappswerepopularamongthechildreneventhough

theysupposedlyrequireuserstobeatleast13”可知，尽管一些社交应用程序应该要求用户至少

13岁，但是很受孩子们欢迎，一些社交应用软件公司没有严格按照年龄限制，也就是说他

们没有严格检查用户注册，所以他们应该受到责备，故选A项。

20.B细节理解题。根据第八段“Astheirworldexpended,shesaid,childrencompared

themselvestoothersonlineinawaythatwas“hugelydamagingintermsoftheirself-identity,in

termsofconfidence,butalsointermsoftheirabilitytodevelopIhcmselves”可知，从孩子们的自

我认同，自信心以及他们的发展能力方面来看，这是“极大的破坏性”，所以孩子们在网上比

较自己和别人可能会导致他们较低的自我认同和自信，故选B项。

21.D推理判断题。根据第十一段和十二段的“Bythetimetheystartedsecondaryschool一at

age11—childrenwerealreadyfarmoreawareoftheirimageonlineandfeltunderhugepressure

toensuretheirpostswerepopular”可知，他们要确保他们帖子是受欢迎的，所以他们很担心要

获得更多的认可，故选D项。

22.C细节理解题。根据第十四段“TheChildren'sCommissionersaidschoolsandparentsmust

nowdomoretopreparechildrenfortheemotionalminefield（雷区）theyfacedonline.^^以及第十

五段"It'salsohugelyimportantfbrparentstoknowwhichappstheirchildrenareusing.“口J知，学

校和父母现在必须做更多的准备让孩子们面对他们所面临的情感雷区，所以父母要时刻关注

孩子们的社交问题，故选C项。

23.A主旨大意题,纵观全文，文章就社交媒体给中学生多带来的重大压力分析了社交媒体

和中学生面临压力的二者关系，以及给孩子们所带来的影响，故选A项。

【2017•北京】Measles（麻疹），whichoncekilled450childreneachyearanddisabledevenmore,

wasnearlywipedoutintheUnitedStates14yearsagobytheuniversaluseoftheMMR

vaccine（疫苗）.Butthediseaseismakingacomeback,causedbyagrowinganti-vaccine

movementandmisinformationthatisspreadingquickly.Alreadythisyear,115measlescases