新标准大学英语三unit5省公开课一等奖全国示范课微课金奖课件

TextI,we,they1/86I,we,they1

Amedium-sizedSwedishhigh-technologycorporationwasapproachedbyacompatriot,abusinessmanwithgoodcontactsinSaudiArabia.

Thecompanysentoneoftheirengineers–letmecallhimJohannesson–toRiyadh,wherehewasintroducedtoasmallSaudiengineeringfirm,runbytwobrothersintheirmid-thirties,bothwithBritishuniversitydegrees.JohannessonwastoassistinadevelopmentprojectonbehalfoftheSaudigovernment.However,aftersixvisitsoveraperiodoftwoyears,nothingseemedtohappen.

Text2/86Johannesson'smeetingswiththeSaudibrotherswerealwaysheldinthepresenceoftheSwedishbusinessmanwhohadestablishedthefirstcontact.ThisannoyedJohannessonandhissuperiors,becausetheywerenotatallsurethatthisbusinessmandidnothavecontactswiththeircompetitorsaswell–buttheSaudiswantedtheintermediarytobethere.Discussionsoftendweltonissueshavinglittletodowiththebusiness–likeShakespeare,ofwhombothbrotherswerefans.Text3/862

JustwhenJohannesson'ssuperiorsstartedtodoubtthewisdomofthecorporation'sinvestmentintheseexpensivetrips,atelexarrivedfromRiyadhinvitinghimbackforanurgentvisit.Acontractworthseveralmillionsofdollarswasreadytobesigned.Fromonedaytothenext,theSaudis'attitudechanged:Thepresenceofthebusinessman-intermediarywasnolongernecessary,andforthefirsttimeJohannessonsawtheSaudissmile,andevenmakejokes.Text4/863

Sofar,sogood;butthestorygoeson.Theremarkableorder

contributedtoJohannessonbeingpromotedtoa

management

positioninadifferentdivision.Thus,hewasnolongerinchargeoftheSaudiaccount.Asuccessorwasnominated,anotherengineerwith

considerableinternationalexperience,whomJohannessonpersonallyintroducedtotheSaudibrothers.AfewweekslateratelexarrivedfromRiyadhinwhichtheSaudisthreatenedtocancelthecontractovera

detailinthedeliveryconditions.

Text5/86

Johannesson'shelpwasasked.WhenhecametoRiyadhitappearedthattheconflictwasoveraminorissueandcouldeasilyberesolved–butonly,theSaudisfelt,withJohannessonasthecorporation'srepresentative.SothecorporationtwisteditsstructuretoallowJohannessontohandletheSaudiaccountalthoughhismainresponsibilitieswerenowinacompletelydifferentfield.Text6/864TheSwedesandtheSaudisinthistruestoryhavedifferentconceptsoftheroleofpersonalrelationshipsinbusiness.FortheSwedes,businessisdonewithacompany;fortheSaudis,witha

person

whomonehaslearnedtoknowandtrust.Aslongasonedoes

not

knowanotherpersonwellenoughitisconvenienttohavepresentanintermediaryorgo-between,someonewhoknowsandistrustedbybothparties.Attherootofthedifferencebetweentheseculturesisafundamentalissueinhumansocieties:theroleoftheindividualversus

theroleofthegroup.Text7/865Thevastmajorityofpeopleinourworldliveinsocietiesinwhichtheinterestofthegroupprevailsovertheinterestoftheindividual.Iwillcallthesesocietiescollectivist,usingawordwhichtosomereadersmayhavepoliticalconnotations,butitisnotmeanthereinanypoliticalsense.Text8/86TextItdoesnotrefertothepowerofthestateovertheindividualbuttothepowerofthegroup.Thefirstgroupinourlivesisalwaysthefamilyintowhichweareborn.Familystructures,however,differbetweensocieties.Inmostcollectivistsocietiesthe"family"withinwhichthechildgrowsupconsistsofanumberofpeoplelivingcloselytogether;notjusttheparentsandotherchildren,but,forexample,grandparents,uncles,aunts,servants,orotherhousemates.Thisisknowninculturalanthropologyastheextendedfamily.

9/86

Whenchildrengrowuptheylearntothinkofthemselvesaspartofa"we"group,arelationshipwhichisnotvoluntarybutgivenbynature.The"we"groupisdistinctfromotherpeopleinsocietywhobelongto"they"groups,ofwhichtherearemany.The"we"group(orin-group)isthemajorsourceofone'sidentity,andtheonlysecureprotectiononehasagainstthehardshipsoflife.Thereforeoneoweslifelong

loyaltytoone'sin-group,andbreakingthisloyaltyisoneoftheworstthingsapersoncando.Betweenthepersonandthein-groupadependencerelationshipdevelopswhichisbothpracticalandpsychological.Text10/86Text6

Aminorityofpeopleinourworldliveinsocietiesinwhichtheinterestsoftheindividualprevailovertheinterestsofthegroup,societieswhichI

willcallindividualist.Inthese,mostchildrenarebornintofamiliesconsistingoftwoparentsand,possibly,otherchildren;insomesocietiesthereisanincreasingshareofone-parentfamilies.Otherrelativesliveelsewhereandarerarelyseen.Thistypeisthenuclearfamily(fromtheLatin“nucleus”meaningcore).11/86Text

Childrenfromsuchfamilies,astheygrowup,soonlearntothinkofthemselvesas"I".This"I",theirpersonalidentity,isdistinctfromotherpeople's"I"s,andtheseothersarenotclassifiedaccordingtotheirgroupmembershipbuttoindividualcharacteristics.

Playmates,forexample,arechosenonthebasisofpersonalpreferences.Thepurposeofeducationistoenablethechildtostandonitsownfeet.12/86TextThechildisexpectedtoleavetheparentalhomeassoonasthishasbeenachieved.Notinfrequently,children,afterhavinglefthome,reducerelationshipswiththeirparentstoaminimumorbreakthemoffaltogether.Neitherpracticallynorpsychologicallyisthehealthypersoninthistypeofsocietysupposedtobedependentonagroup.13/86我、我们、他们1有一位瑞典商人和本国一家中等规模高科技企业进行了接洽，这位商人在沙特阿拉伯有许多关系良好客户。于是，该企业派了一名工程师——就叫他约翰尼森吧——去利雅得，经这位商人引见，和一家小型沙特工程企业合作，这家企业由一对弟兄经营着，他俩三十五岁左右，都拥有英国大学学位。约翰尼森要做是代表沙特政府帮助一项建设工程。约翰尼森要做是在为沙特政府一项建设工程中给予帮助。不过，双方在两年间进行了六次接触均无结果。Text14/86

每次约翰尼森和沙特弟兄商谈时，那位最初帮他们建立关系瑞典商人都在场。这令约翰尼森和他上司感到非常不快，因为他们不敢必定这位商人是否跟他们竞争对手也有来往，但沙特人却执意要介绍人在场。他们经常讨论一些与生意毫无关系话题，比如莎士比亚，哥俩都是莎士比亚迷。Text15/862

正当约翰尼森上司开始怀疑企业花大笔旅费派人去洽谈是否明智时，利雅得那边来了电报，邀请约翰尼森快速赶赴利雅得，因为一份价值几百万美元协议已准备好，等着他来签。一夜之间，沙特人态度也发生了改变：那位中间商再也不用出场了，约翰尼森还第一次看见沙特人笑了，他们甚至还相互开起了玩笑。Text16/863

到现在为止，一切都进行得不错；但故事还没有结束。因为得到了这份大订单，约翰尼森被提拔为另一个部门经理，他也所以不用再管沙特那单生意了。另一位国际交流经验丰富工程师被提名接替他工作，约翰尼森还亲自把他介绍给了那两位沙特弟兄。几星期后，从利雅得发来一份电报，两位沙特弟兄威胁说要取消协议，仅仅是因为一个相关交货条件细节问题。Text17/86他们请约翰尼森去帮助处理。约翰尼森到利雅得后才发觉，双方矛盾源于一个很轻易处理无关紧要小问题，但沙特人以为一定要约翰尼森代表企业出面才能处理。所以，瑞典企业不得不打破通例，允许约翰尼森处理沙特那边生意，即使他现在职责是管理另外一个完全不一样领域。Text18/864

在这个真实故事里，瑞典人和沙特人对人际关系在商业中作用有着不一样了解。对瑞典人来说，他们是在和一个企业做生意；但对沙特人来说，他们是在和一个他们了解而且信任人做生意。只要他们对某个人还不够了解，就会让一位双方都认识并信任中间人或介绍人在场，这么做会比较方便。这两种文化差异源于人类社会一个根本问题：即个人角色与集体角色问题。Text19/865

世界上大多数人都生活在团体利益大于个人利益社会里,我把这类社会称作集体主义社会，集体主义这个词在一些读者看来含有政治意义，但我在使用这个词时不带任何政治色彩。Text20/86它并不是指国家权力对个人压制，而是特指团体力量。我们生命中第一个团体向来都是我们出生那个家庭。但不一样社会有着不一样家庭结构。在大多数集体主义社会里，小孩子成长“家庭”有许多人生活在一起；有父母，有别孩子，还有比如爷爷、奶奶、叔伯、姑姑、佣人及其它家庭组员。这种家庭在文化人类学上被称为扩展型家庭。Text21/86小孩在成长过程中就学着把自己看作是“我们”团体中一员，这种关系并不是出于个人选择，而是与生俱来。“我们”团体不一样于社会上众多隶属“他们”团体里他者。“我们”团体（或内部团体）是个人认同感主要起源，是个人应对生活艰辛所能依赖唯一安全保障。所以每个人一生都忠于自己内部团体，而背叛这个团体是个人所能犯下最严重错误。个人和内部团体之间会逐步建立起一个相互依存关系，这种关系现有实用价值，又能给人心理上依靠。Text22/866

世界上还有少数人生活在个人利益大于团体利益社会里，我把这类社会称为个人主义社会。在这类社会中，多数小孩出生在由父母和孩子组成家庭里，当然，可能还会有别孩子；在一些社会中，单亲家庭数量呈逐步上升趋势。其它亲戚住在别处，彼此极少见面。这类家庭被称为关键家庭（源于拉丁词nucleus，意为“关键”）。Text23/86

关键家庭里孩子在成长过程中，很快就学会把自己看成是“我”。这个“我”——即他们个人身份——区分于其它人“我”，而且这所谓其它人并不是以不一样团体组员身份来区分，而是以个人特点来分类。比如玩伴是依据个人喜好来选择。教育目标是使孩子最终能自立。Text24/86孩子一旦有了自立能力，父母就会勉励他们离开家。孩子离开父母家后，与父母往来频率通常会降至最低点，或者完全断绝往来。在这类社会里，一个健全人不论在实际生活中还是在心理上都不会依赖一个团体。Text25/86Words&Phrasescompatriotcompetitorintermediarydwellinvestmenttelexcontractcollectivistprevailversusgo-betweendeliverythreatennominatecorenucleusnuclearfamilyindividualistloyaltylifelongin-groupremarkablemanagementsuccessorextendedfamilyanthropologyhousemateenableplaymatemembership26/86Words&Phrasesonbehalfofdwellon/uponSofar,sogood.bebornintostandonone’sown(two)feetparental27/86Words&PhrasesSwedish瑞典SaudiArabia沙特阿拉伯王国（位于阿拉伯半岛）Johannesson约翰尼森（人名）Riyadh利雅得（沙特阿拉伯首都）28/86compatriot

n.[C]someonewhoisfromthesamecountryasyou同胞；同国人e.g.1.

ChrisRobertsonofAustraliabeathiscompatriotinthefinal.来自澳大利亚选手克里斯·罗伯森在决赛中战胜自己同胞赢得了比赛。2.Mydearcompatriots,itistimethatwedidsomethingforourcountry.亲爱同胞们，为国效劳时候到了。Words&Phrases29/86competitor

n.[C]1)anorganizationorcountrythatisengagedincommercialoreconomiccompetitionwithothers（商业）竞争对手e.g.U.S.businessischallengedbyaggressiveoverseascompetitors.

美国企业正受到咄咄逼人海外竞争者挑战。2)someonewhotakespartinasportscompetition（体育比赛）参赛者e.g.Thefirstprizewasawardedtotheyoungestcompetitor.一等奖授给了最年轻比赛者。Wordfamily:

competev.competitionn.

competitivea.Words&Phrases30/86intermediary

n.[C]someonewhotalkstoeachofthepeopleorgroupsinvolvedinsomething,usuallypassinginformationfromonetotheotherortryingtopersuadethemtoagreewitheachother中间人；调解人e.g.1.Theywereapproachedindirectlythroughanintermediary.

经过一位中间人，他们进行了间接接触。2.Herefusedtoactasanintermediarybetweenthetwodirectors.他拒绝充当这两个董事之间调解人。Wordfamily:

intermediatea.中间，中级Seealso:go-between.Words&Phrases31/86dwell

vi.

(literary)

livesomewhere（尤指作为常住居民）居住e.g.1.Fairiesaresaidtodwellintheheaven.

传说神仙住在天上。2.TheyareconcernedforthefateoftheforestandtheIndianswhodwellinit.他们十分关注森林以及居住在其中印第安人命运。Seealso:dwellon/upon.Words&Phrases32/86investment

n.

1)[C,U]moneyusedinawaythatmayearnyoumoremoney,forexamplemoneyusedforbuyingpropertyorsharesinacompany投入资本；投资e.g.1.

Greatchangesareinprospectinthisareaduetoforeigninvestment.因为外资引进，该地域会发生很大改变。2.Whenbuyingshares,it’swisetospreadyourinvestmentoverseveralcompanies.买股票要分散投资于不一样企业才是明智之举。3.Idon’treallylikemodernartbutIboughtitasaninvestment.我并非真喜欢当代艺术，购置作品只是作为一个投资。Words&Phrases33/862)[sing,U]theamountoftime,energy,oremotionneededinordertomakesomethingsuccessful投入；投资e.g.1.Ihadmadeapersonalinvestmentintimeandenergy.

我个人投入了时间和精力。2.Thetimespentinattendingaone-dayseminarisaninvestmentinourprofessionalfutures.花时间参加一日研讨会是对我们事业未来一个投资。Wordfamily:invest

v.Words&Phrases34/86telex

1)

n.[U]asystemforsendingandreceivingmessagesusingatelephonelineandamachinecalledateleprinterthatprintsthe电传（一个通讯方式）e.g.Ishallsendyoutheinformationbytelex.我将用电传把这一信息给你传来。2)

n.[C]amessagesentbytelex,orthemachineusedtosendorreceiveit

电传电报（经过电传发送信息）e.g.HerushedinwithanurgenttelexfromHongKong.他手里拿着一份香港发来紧急电传冲了进来。3)v.send(amessage)bytelex发电传e.g.Theytelexedtheirprovisionalacceptanceofthecontract.Words&Phrases他们拍出电传表示暂时接收协议。35/86contract

1)n.[C]awrittenlegalagreementbetweentwopeopleorbusinessesthatsayswhateachmustdofortheotherorgivetotheother协议；契约e.g.1.Youshouldn'tenterintoacontractuntilyouhavestudieditsprovisionscarefully.

你应该先仔细研究协议条款，然后再签署。2.Thefirmoperatesschoolsundercontracttostateeducationauthorities.这家企业和州教育局签约办学。3.I'mnotapermanentemployee;I'mworkinghereonafixed-termcontract.我并不是永久雇员，而是依据定时协议在此工作。Words&Phrases36/862)v.

enterintoaformalandlegallybindingagreement订立协议，订契约e.g.1.

Havingcontractedwiththemtodotherepairs,wecannotwithdrawnow.我们与他们订有维修合约，现在不能撤消。2.Theyarecontractedtowork35hoursaweek.他们签下协议每七天工作35小时。Words&Phrases37/86remarkable

a.

worthyofattention;striking;unusualinawaythatsurprisesorimpressesyou值得注意；显著；非凡e.g.1.Heshowedremarkableendurancethroughouthisillness.他生病整个阶段都表现出非凡忍耐力。2.

Theregionisremarkableforitsscenery.这个地域以其风景而著称。3.Thesecarsareremarkableforthequietnessoftheirengines.

这些汽车因发动机没有噪音而不一样凡响。Words&Phrases38/86management

n.

1)[sing,U]thepeoplewhocontrolandoperateabusinessororganization:canbefollowedbyasingularorpluralverb管理层，资方（后可接动词单数或复数形式）e.g.Themanagementis/areconsideringclosingthefactory.主管部门正在考虑把工厂关闭。2)[U]thecontrolandoperationofabusinessororganization

经营；管理e.g.Thefarmprosperedthroughgoodmanagement.因为管理有方，农场兴旺发达。Wordfamily:manage

v.

manager

n.

Words&Phrases39/86successor

n.[C]someonewhohasanimportantpositionaftersomeoneelse继任人；继承人；继位人e.g.1.ThechairmanhasdesignatedChristinaashissuccessor.主席已指定克里斯蒂娜作他继任人。2.Sheprovedherselfaworthysuccessortotheformerchampion.她证实了自己是前冠军当之无愧接替人。3.Shewillhandovertohersuccessorinoneyear’stime.她将在一年内向继任者移交权力。Words&Phrases40/86Wordfamily:succeed

v.

bethenextpersontotakeapositionorjobaftersomeoneelse接替；继任；继承e.g.1.

Whowillsucceedhimtothethrone?谁将继承他王位？2.

Mr.Jones

willsucceedMr.Smithaschairman.

由琼斯先生接替史密斯先生任董事长。Words&Phrases41/86nominate

vt.

officiallysuggestthatsomeoneshouldbegivenajob,orthatsomeoneorsomethingshouldreceiveaprize提名；推荐e.g.1.InominateBillastheclubpresident.我提名比尔为俱乐部主席候选人。2.ThefilmwasnominatedforseveralOscars.那部影片被提名好几项奥斯卡奖。

3.Hehasnowbeenformallynominatedaspresidentialcandidate.他已取得正式提名为总统候选人。Wordfamily:nomination

n.

Words&Phrases42/86threaten

vt.

1)

tellsomeonethatyoumightoryouwillcausethemharm,especiallyinordertomakethemdosth.（尤指为使对方做某事而）恐吓，威胁e.g.1.Thestrikerswerethreatenedwithdismissaliftheydidnotreturntowork.罢工者受到威胁说，假如他们不复工，就会被辞退。2.Thehijackersthreatenedtokillallthepassengersiftheirdemandswerenotmet.劫机者扬言若不满足他们要求，就把乘客都杀死。Words&Phrases43/862)

belikelytoharmordestroysth.危害到；危及e.g.1.Meltingglacierswillultimatelythreatenfoodproduction.冰川融化最终会威胁到粮食生产。2.

Itwillseriouslythreatentheprosperityofthecountry.这将严重威胁国家繁荣。3.Manyspeciesarenowthreatenedwithextinction.许多物种面临灭绝之虞。Words&Phrases44/86delivery

n.[C,U]theprocessofbringinggoodsorletterstoaplace送货；投递e.g.Wehavetwopostaldeliverieseachday.

我们天天收到两次信。Choosethebestanswer.

Tospeedupthe___ofletters,thePostOfficeintroducedautomaticsorting.(CET4--12-42)

A)treatment B)delivery C)transmission D)departureWordfamily:deliver

v.

e.g.Hisworkwastodelivertelegrams.他工作就是送电报。Words&PhrasesB45/86go-between

n.[C]someonewhotakesmessagesbetweenpeoplewhocannotmeetorwhodonotwanttomeet中间人；信使e.g.1.Insomecountriesmarriagesarearrangedbygo-betweens.在有些国家，缔结婚姻要靠媒妁之言。2.

AUNrepresentativewillactasago-betweenforleadersofthetwocountries.一名联合国代表将在两国领导人之间斡旋。

Seealso:intermediary.Words&Phrases46/86versus

prep.

1)

usedforstatingthattwothingsarebeingcomparedinordertoshowthattheyaredifferentorthatoneisbetterthantheother与……相对；与……相比e.g.Weeklyconsumptionhitanewhigh,jumpingto68%versus64%lastyear.每七天消费到达了新高，从去年64%跃至68%。2)usedforshowingthattwopeople,groups,orteamsarecompetingagainsteachotherinasportseventoracourtcase（体育比赛或诉讼中）以……为对手e.g.ThemostexcitinggamewasHarvardversusYale.

最担心刺激球赛是哈佛对阵耶鲁。

Words&Phrases47/86prevail

vi.

(fml)

1)

defeatsomeoneinagame,competition,argumentetc.（在比赛、竞争或争辩中）击败，获胜e.g.Yourinnerstrengthwillenableyoutoprevailoverlife'sobstacles.内心力量将促使你战胜生活中困难。2)existataparticulartimeorinaparticularsituation

存在；盛行；流行e.g.Theoldcustomsstillprevailinthemountainousarea.这些旧习俗在这一山区仍很盛行。Wordfamily:prevailing

a.e.g.Ourguidelineistheprevailingworldmarketprices.

我们以当初国际市场价格为准绳。Words&Phrases48/86collectivist

n.[C]asupporterofcollectivism

集体主义者e.g.theidealofcollectivists

Wordfamily:

collectivism

n.

thepracticeorprincipleofgivingagrouppriorityovereachindividualinit,oftheownershipoflandandthemeansofproductionbythepeopleorthestate

集体主义（制度），公有制e.g.Undercollectivism,themeansofproductionisownedandcontrolledbythestateorthepeopleasawhole.在集体主义制度下,生产工具由国家或全民拥有和支配。Seealso:individualist.Words&Phrases集体主义者们理想49/86housemate

n.[C]someonewholivesinthesamehouseasyoubutisnotamemberofyourfamily

同住一所房子人e.g.Thisformwillgiveyouafewtipsabouthowtochooseahousemateandthenhowtogetalongwithhim.这张表格会提醒你怎样选择同住屋友以及怎样与他相处。Wordformation:-matei.e.:classmate schoolmate roommate playmate

Words&Phrases50/86anthropology

n.[C]thestudyofhumansocieties,customs,andbeliefs

人类学e.g.1.Anthropologyisoneofthesocialsciences.人类学是社会科学中一支。2.Socialanthropologyexaminesfamilyrelationshipsindetail.

社会人类学深入探讨家庭关系。Wordfamily:

anthropologist

n.[C]人类学家Words&Phrases51/86extendedfamily

n.[C]afamilygroupthatincludesgrandparents,cousins,auntsetc.（包含祖父母或外祖父母及近亲）大家庭e.g.1.

ThemainchangeoftheFrenchsincethewaristhatthefocusofloyaltyhasbeensteadilynarrowedfrom“extendedfamily”tothe“nuclearfamily”.战后以来，法国人对家庭忠诚焦点早已从相正确大家庭而稳步缩小，转向了关键家庭。2.Ourextendedfamilyisspreadacrossthecountry.

我们这个大家庭组员遍布全国。Seealso:nuclearfamily.Words&Phrases52/86in-group

n.[C]asmallgroupofpeoplewhoshareinterestsorattitudesandshowloyaltytooneanother小集团；自己人团体；圈内e.g.In-groupsourcesattributedthedifficultcircumstancesconfrontedbythehighartlargelytotheunmatchedpromotionwork.

圈内人士认为，高雅艺术面临困境主要是因为宣传工作没有跟上。Antonym:

out-group

e.g.out-groupsources圈外人士

Words&Phrases53/86lifelong

a.

continuingallthroughone’slife

终生；一生e.g.1.Educationwithintheenterpriseisalifelongprocess.企业中培训是个终生教育过程。2.Achildhoodjourneysparkedhislifelonginterestinrailways.儿童时代一次旅行引发了他对铁路连续终生兴趣。3.Hechosegeneticengineeringtobehislifelongcareer.他选择了遗传工程学作为终生事业。Words&Phrases54/86loyalty

n.[U]supportthatyoualwaysgivetosomeoneorsomethingbecauseofyourfeelingsofdutyandlovetowardsthem

忠诚；忠贞；忠心e.g.1.Inthesecountriesloyaltytothefamilyisplacedatapremium.在这些国家人们把对家庭忠实看得尤其主要。2.Bymakingthebuyingexperienceaspleasantaspossible,thecompanyhelpsboostcustomerloyalty.这间企业尽力使用户在购物过程中感到愉快，从而提升客户忠诚度。Wordfamily:

loyal

a.Words&Phrases55/86individualist

n.[C]someonewhodoesthingsintheirownwaywithoutworryingaboutwhatotherpeoplethinkordo

个人主义者；我行我素人e.g.1.Geoffwastoomuchofanindividualisttobeteamcaptain.杰夫过于我行我素了，没法当队长。2.Individualistssaythatyoushouldbeabletowearwhatyouwant.强调个性人认为人们应该依据自己想法穿着打扮。Wordfamily:individualism

n.

个人主义；利己主义Seealso:collectivist.Words&Phrases56/86nuclearfamily

n.[C]afamilyunitconsistingofamother,afather,andtheirchildren

（包含父母和儿女）关键家庭，小家庭e.g.The“nuclearfamily”isanothercharacteristicofAmericanfamilies.“小家庭”是美国式家庭又一个特征。Seealso:extendedfamily.Words&Phrases57/86nucleus

n.[C](pl.nuclei)1)thecentralorbasicpartofsomething

关键；中心e.g.1.Intellectualsarethenucleusofthesociety.知识分子是社会中坚力量。2.Thefortresswasthenucleusoftheancientcity.这城堡是这座古城中心。2)thecentralpartofanatom,consistingofprotonsandneutrons原子核（由质子和中子组成）e.g.

atomic/cellnucleus原子/细胞核Words&Phrases58/86core

n.[C]1)themostimportantormostbasicpartofsomething

关键；中心e.g.1.

Emotionistheaestheticcoreofthepaintingart.情感是绘画艺术美学内核。2.HeisanEnglishmantocore.他是彻头彻尾标准英国人。2)thepartinsideanobjectthatisnearestitscentre

中心部分e.g.

Theatomhasanucleusatitscore.

在原子中心有一个原子核。Words&Phrases59/86membership

n.

1)[U]thefactofbeingamemberofaclub,organization,orgroup

会员身份；会籍e.g.Theclubmembershipwasoncelimitedtoaristocrats.这个俱乐部组员资格一度仅给予贵族。2)[C,U]thepeoplewhobelongtoaclub,organization,orgroup

（全体）会员e.g.

1.Themembershipareveryannoyedatyoursuggestion.

会员们对你提议甚为恼火。2.Membershipoftheclubhasfallenoffthisyear.今年该俱乐部组员已经降低。Words&Phrases60/86playmate

n.[C]

achildwhoanotherchildplayswith

（儿童）玩伴e.g.

1.Tomwasmychildhoodplaymate.

汤姆是我童年玩伴。2.Herchiefplaymatewasherdog.她主要玩伴是她狗。Words&Phrases61/86enable

vt.

givesomeonetheabilityoropportunitytodosomething

使能够；使有机会e.g.

1.Listeningtomusicenablesustofeelrelaxed.

听音乐使我们能够感觉轻松。2.Thespreadoftelevisionenablesustoenjoythesceneryofforeigncountries.电视普及使我们能够观赏国外乡村景色。Words&Phrases62/86parental

a.

involvingorprovidedbyparents

父亲；母亲；家长e.g.

1.Toorigidparentalcontrolfostersrebellioninchildren.

父母管教过严会促使儿女反抗。2.Themoviewasgivenaparentalguidance(PG)ratinginHongKong,.在香港，该片被评为PG级影片，即需要在父母指导下观看影片。Wordfamily:parent

n.Words&Phrases63/86onbehalfof:1)

insteadofsomeone,orasarepresentativeofsomeone

代表某人；代替某人e.g.

1.Johnacceptedthechampionshipawardonbehalfoftheteam.

约翰代表队伍领取冠军奖。2.Onbehalfofallofyourguestshere,Iwishtothankyouforgivingusthisbanquet.我谨代表全部在座宾客，对你们盛情款待表示感激。Words&Phrases64/862)intheinterestsofsomeone;inordertohelpsomeone;onaccountof为某人之利益；为了帮助某人；为了……缘故e.g.

1.Thelegalguardianmustactonbehalfofthechild.法定监护人应该维护这个孩子利益。

2.Heflatlydeclinedtoacceptabriefonbehalfoftheaccused.

他断然拒绝为被告辩护。3.Wecollectedmoneyinbehalfofthehomeless.我们为那些无家可归人募捐。Words&Phrases65/86dwellon

/

upon:spendalotoftimethinkingortalkingaboutsomethingunpleasant

详述；强调e.g.

1.Sometimeshismindwoulddwellonthehorrorshehadbeenthrough.有时他会老是想着他所经历过种种恐怖。2.Heimprovedtheoccasiontodwellontheevilsofdrinking.他趁机大谈喝酒弊端。3.I'vegotbetterthingstodothandwellonthepast.我有更主要事情要做，不能老是想着过去。Seealso:dwell.Words&Phrases66/86Sofar,sogood.

usedforsayingthatsomeoneorsomethinghasbeensuccessfuluptothispoint

到当前为止（或就某种范围或程度来说）一切顺利。e.g.

1.Theyarehalffinishedwiththeirproject.Sofar,sogood.

他们已经完成了工程二分之一，到当前为止，一切都进展顺利。2.Askedabouthissuccessatcollege,hereplied,"Sofarsogood."有些人问起他上大学情形怎样，他答道：“截至当前，一切尚可。”Words&Phrases67/86beborninto/to:beborninaparticularsituation,typeoffamilyetc.出生于……；诞生于……e.g.

1.Itisnotgiventomanyofustobebornintoawealthyfamily.

我们中并不是有很多人注定要生在富人之家。2.Hehappenstobebornintoanerawherethemassmediaisking.

他刚好出生在大众传媒为王年代。3.Hewasborntothepurple,soheisdestinedtoliveinthepubliceye.

他出身皇室，所以他一言一行注定要受到公众注意。Words&Phrases68/86standonone’sown(two)feet:behaveinanindependentway,especiallybynotaskingforfinancialhelpfromanyone（尤指经济上）自立，自主e.g.

1.Itriedtostandonmyowntwofeetratherthanturnedtomyparents.

我设法自立而不求援于我父母。2.Thevotersdon'talwaysagreewithhimbuttheyreallylikethewayhestandsonhisownfeetandmakeshisowndecisionsonwhichwaytovote.

选民们不一定都同意他观点，不过他们倒很观赏他在对各种提案投票时那种独立自主精神。Words&Phrases69/86Swedish1)a.oforrelatingtoSweden,itspeople,ortheirlanguage瑞典2)n.[mass]theScandinavianlanguageofSweden,alsospokeninpartsofFinland.Ithasover8millionspeakers

瑞典语SwedenisaNordiccountryontheScandinavianPeninsulainNorthernEurope.SwedensharesborderswithNorwaytothewestandFinlandtotheeast,andisconnectedtoDenmarkbyabridge.ItisthethirdlargestcountryintheEuropeanUnionbyarea,Swedenhasarelativelylowpopulationdensityof21inhabitantspersquarekilometerwiththepopulationconcentratedtothesouthernhalfofthecountry.Sweden'scapitalcityisStockholm,itisalsoSweden'slargestcity.Words&Phrases70/86SaudiArabia沙特阿拉伯王国（位于阿拉伯半岛）Words&PhrasesTheKingdomofSaudiArabia,foundedin1932,isthethird-largestArabcountry.SaudiArabia'sgovernmenttakestheformofanIslamicabsolutemonarchy.SaudiArabiahastheworld'slargestoilreservesandistheworld'slargestoilexporter.Oilaccountsformorethan90%ofexportsandnearly75%ofgovernmentrevenues,facilitatingthecreationofawelfarestate.71/86Riyadh利雅得（沙特阿拉伯首都）

Words&PhrasesRiyadhisthecapitalandlargestcityofSaudiArabia.ItissituatedinthecenteroftheArabianPeninsulaonalargeplateau.Thecityisdividedinto15municipaldistricts.72/86Amedium-sizedSwedishhigh-technologycorporationwasapproachedbyacompatriot,abusinessmanwithgoodcontactsinSaudiArabia.ASwedishbusinessmancontactedthecorporationbecausehecouldofferopportunitiestodobusinesswithSaudiArabiancompanies.翻译：

有一位瑞典商人和本国一家中等规模高科技企业进行了接洽，这位商人在沙特阿拉伯有许多关系良好客户。LanguagePoints73/86Thecompanysentoneoftheirengineers–letmecallhimJohan