高考英语总复习-专题十-定语从句-市赛课公开课一等奖省名师获奖课件

专题十定语从句1/35-2-考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点一考点七关系代词有who,whom,which,that和whose,另外,as也可充当关系代词。关系代词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语和定语。关系副词有when,where和why,在定语从句中充当状语。1.who指人,在定语从句中做主语或宾语。(·10浙江)Theremightbepeoplewhowillcyclejusttogetafreemeal.可能有些人会骑车,就是为了得到那份无偿餐。2.whom指人,在定语从句中做宾语,常可省略。Doyouknowtheboy(whom)wemetatthegate?你认识我们在门口碰到那个男孩吗?2/35-3-考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点一考点七3.which指物,在定语从句中做主语或宾语,做宾语时常可省略。(·安徽)Theexactyear(which/that)AngelaandherfamilyspenttogetherinChinawas.安杰拉和她家人在中国共同度过确实切年份是年。4.that指人时,相当于who或whom;指物时,相当于which。在定语从句中做主语或宾语,做宾语时常可省略。Sheisthepopstar(that)Iwanttoseeverymuch.她就是那位我非常想见明星。(·江西)Amongthemanydangers(which/that)sailorshavetoface,probablythegreatestofallisfog.在海员们要面正确许多危险中,最严重可能就是雾。3/35-4-考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点一考点七5.whose可指人或物,修饰名词或代词,在定语从句中充当定语。“whose+名词”可改为“the+名词+ofwhich/whom”或“ofwhich/whomthe+名词”。(·四川)Thebooksonthedesk,whosecoversareshiny,areprizesforus.桌子上这些书是给我们奖品,它们封面很亮。(·全国甲)HispresencemeantthatIhadanunexpectedteachingassistantinclasswhoseactivitywouldinfect(感染)otherstudents.他在场意味着在课堂上我有一位意想不到助教,他活动将感染其它学生。Thehousewhosewindowsareverylargeismyuncle’s.=Thehouseof

whichthewindowsareverylargeismyuncle’s.那个窗子非常大房子是我叔叔。4/35-5-考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点一考点七6.as可指人也可指物,在定语从句中做主语、宾语或表语。(1)引导限制性定语从句,先行词前常有as,thesame,so,such修饰,且在从句中做主语、宾语或表语时,关系代词要用as。Itwassodifficultaproblemasnobodyinmyclasscouldworkout.(as做workout宾语)这个问题极难以至于我们班里没有些人能解出来。注意:so/such...that结构中,that引导结果状语从句,只起连接作用,不充当从句任何成份。Itwassodifficultaproblemthatnobodyinmyclasscouldworkitout.(workout已经有宾语,that只起连接作用)5/35-6-考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点一考点七(2)as能够引导非限制性定语从句,代指整个主句内容,从句中惯用谓语动词为see,say,hear,expect,know,report等,常译为“正如,正像”,其引导从句能够放在主句前面也能够放在主句后面。(·全国乙)ManyNativeAmericansvaluesilenceandfeelitisabasicpartofcommunicatingamongpeople,justassometraditionalChineseandThaipersonsdo.许多美洲印第安人都很重视缄默,认为它是人与人之间进行交流一个基本组成部分,就像一些传统中国人和泰国人认为一样。6/35-7-考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点一考点七7.when指时间,在定语从句中做时间状语。其先行词是表示时间名词time,day,week,year,month等,惯用onwhich,inwhich,atwhich,duringwhich等代替。(·陕西)Asthesmallestchildofhisfamily,Alexisalwayslongingforthetimewhenheshouldbeabletobeindependent.作为家中最小孩子,亚历克斯总是渴望自己能够独立日子。(·10浙江)Thefactthatsuchpracticesremainofficiallyunacceptedreflectshowfarwehaven’tcomeasasocietyfromthedayswhenweexpectedeveryfull-timeworkertobesupportedbyafull-timehomemaker.此做法仍未被正式接收,这个事实反应了我们还没从期望每个全职员作者需得到全职家务料理者支持社会里走出来。7/35-8-考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点一考点七8.where指地点,在定语从句中做地点状语。其先行词是表示地点名词,能够用“介词+关系代词”代替。Thehousewhere/in

whichhelivesisneartheriver.他住房子在河边。注意:高考对where考查趋于复杂,先行词由“显著地点”转为“含糊地点”,或者说“抽象地点”。这些名词有:stage,case,position,situation,point,occasion,activity等。(·杭州四中高二期中考试)IrealizedthatIhadcreatedalifewhereIwasnotacentralfigure!我意识到我创造了一个生活,在其中我并非主角。8/35-9-考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点一考点七9.why指原因,在定语从句中做原因状语,可用forwhich来替换。why不可引导非限制性定语从句。Tellmethereasonwhy/for

whichyoucamelate.告诉我你来晚了原因。注意:用关系代词还是关系副词完全取决于从句中谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语,就必须要用关系代词;而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。9/35-10-考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点一考点七1.当先行词是everything,anything,nothing,something,all,none,few,little,some等不定代词时,或当先行词被every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much等不定代词修饰时。Weshoulddoallthatisusefultothepeople.我们应该做一切有益于人民事情。2.先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast等修饰时。ThisisthelastplacethatIwanttovisit.这是我最不想参观地方。3.先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时。ThisisthebestnovelthatIhaveeverread.这是我读过最好一部小说。10/35-11-考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点一考点七4.先行词是数词或被序数词修饰时。ThisisthethirddictionarythatIhaveused.这是我用过第三本字典。5.当先行词同时含有表示人和物名词时。Wetalkedaboutthethingsandpersonsthatwewereinterestedin.我们谈论了我们感兴趣人和事。6.以who或which开头特殊疑问句中含有定语从句,为防止重复时。Whoisthemanthatisstandingunderthetree?站在树下那个人是谁?11/35-12-考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点一考点七注意:QingdaoisthemostbeautifulcitywhereIhaveeverworked.(即使有最高级修饰先行词city,但从句中work为不及物动词,先行词只做其地点状语,故要用关系副词)前面所述几个情况已经有前提:需要用关系代词时,碰到这几个情况才选取that。12/35-13-考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点一考点七1.在“介词+关系代词”结构中,关系代词只能用指物which和指人whom。Thisisthetrainby

whichwewenttoBeijing.这就是我们去北京乘那列火车。2.在非限制性定语从句(即通惯用逗号与主句隔开,若去掉整个句子仍能表示完整意义定语从句)中。(·四川改编)Iprefertoworkinblackandwhite,whichallowsmetoshowdifferentspecificworldsmoreclearly.我更喜欢工作在黑白世界里,这能让我更清楚地展现不一样、详细世界。13/35-14-考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点一考点七3.指人时,当先行词为everybody,anybody,everyone,anyone等时,关系代词要用who,不用that。Isthereanyonewhocananswerthisquestion?有谁能回答这个问题?4.先行词本身是指示代词that或those时,关系代词应用which。What’sthatwhichsheislookingat?她正在看什么?14/35-15-考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点一考点七1.位置不一样。which引导定语从句只置于所限制句子后;as引导定语从句位置较灵活,也就是说as从句可置于所限制句子前、插在句子中或放在句子后。(·湖南)Itisatrulydelightfulplace,whichlooksthesameasitmusthavedone100yearsagowithitswindingstreetsandprettycottages.它确实是一个宜人地方。与一百年前样子一样,有着弯弯曲曲小径和漂亮村舍。Mike,as

you

know,isanhonestman./Mikeisanhonestman,as

you

know./As

you

know,Mikeisanhonestman.如你所知,迈克是个老实人。15/35-16-考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点一考点七2.先行词不一样。as引导非限制性定语从句时,其先行词多为一个句子;which引导非限制性定语从句时,其先行词能够是一个词、一个短语或一个句子。Asweallknow,heisveryproud.(先行词为一个句子)众所周知,他很自大。Hewasproud,whichhisbrotherneverwas.(先行词是一个词)他是自大,而他弟弟从不自大。3.意义不一样。as普通译为“正如,就像”;which普通译为“这一点,这件事”。John,as

you

know,ismybestfriend.正如你所知,约翰是我最好朋友。HehasbeentoParismorethantentimes,which

I

don’t

believe.他已去过巴黎十屡次了,这一点我不相信。16/35-17-考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点一考点七4.关系不一样。当主句和从句之间存在着逻辑上因果关系时,关系词往往只用which。Tomwaslateforschool,whichmadehisteacherveryangry.汤姆上学迟到了,这使他老师很生气。注意:as多用于以下习惯用语中:①asanybodycansee正如大家能看到那样②aswehadexpected正如我们所预料那样③asoftenhappens正如经常发生那样④ashasbeensaidbefore如之前所述⑤asismentionedabove正如上面所提到17/35-18-考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点一考点七1.在“介词+关系代词”结构中,关系代词指人时用whom,不可用who或者that;指物时用which,不能用that;关系代词是全部格时用whose。Thepersontowhomyou’llwriteisMrBall.TheoldmanwastalkingwithMrSmith,inwhosehospitalIwasoperatedon.2.“介词+关系代词”前可有some,any,none,both,all,neither,most,each,few等代词及名词、数词。Hehastwosons,both

of

whomwerekilledinthewar.Iliveinahouse,the

window

of

whichfacesthesouth.18/35-19-考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点一考点七3.“介词+关系代词”结构中介词选择可依据定语从句中谓语动词和介词习惯搭配、先行词和介词习惯搭配来确定,有时也需要结合句意。Inthestreettherewasn’tanypersonto

whomshecouldturnforhelp.Thebossin

whosecompanymyfatherworkedisaverykindperson.4.“复合介词短语+关系代词which”引导定语从句中,定语从句常和先行词用逗号分开,定语从句惯用倒装语序。Helivesinabighouse,in

front

of

whichstandsatallappletree.注意:在一些固定搭配动词短语中,因为动词和介词不能分割,所以不能把介词置于关系代词之前。Thisisthebook(which/that)I’mlookingfor.不能够说:ThisisthebookforwhichI’mlooking.19/35-20-考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点一考点七5.fromwhere虽为“介词+关系副词”结构,但也可引导定语从句,where往往指代前面表示详细位置介词短语。Hestoodontopofthehill,from

wherehecouldseethewholevillage.(where指代ontopofthehill,指是“从山顶那个地方看”,而不是指“山”)20/35-21-考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点一考点七1.定语从句与同位语从句区分。二者都跟在名词后面,区分是:定语从句修饰先行词,是对其进行修饰限定;同位语从句则是对前面名词解释说明,是其内容。同位语从句前名词常为抽象名词,如:idea,fact,truth,evidence,news,thought。同位语从句主要由that引导,在从句中不做成份,有时也能够由when,where,how,why,whether,what等词引导,在从句中充当成份。Thenewsthatourteamwonmadeusexcited.(ourteamwon是news内容,that不充当从句成份,为同位语从句。可了解为:Thenewswasthatourteamwon.)Thenewsthathetoldmewasexciting.(hetoldme缺乏一个直接宾语,由that充当,故为定语从句。不能将其了解为:Thenewswasthathetoldme.)21/35-22-考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点一考点七2.定语从句与并列句和简单句区分。区分关键是看标点和连接词。Ourclasshassixtystudents,most

of

whomstudyhard.(逗号后为另一个句子,两个句子之间要用连接代词whom,为定语从句)Ourclasshassixtystudents,and

most

of

themstudyhard.(逗号后为另一个句子,且已经有并列连词and,故用them即可,为并列句)Ourclasshassixtystudents.Most

of

themstudyhard.(两句之间为句号,代表两个独立简单句,故不需要连接词)22/35-23-考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点一考点七3.定语从句与状语从句区分。定语从句前面必有先行词,而状语从句(如时间状语从句和地点状语从句)则是做整个句子状语,前面没有先行词。Doyouknowthe

time

whenhewillcomeback?(定语从句,前面有先行词time)Iwillgoshoppingwhenhecomesback.(时间状语从句,表示主句动作发生时间,前面没有先行词)Putthebookwhereitbelongs.(地点状语从句,指是“放书”地点,前面无先行词,所以不能用towhich)Putthebookintheplace

whereitbelongs.(定语从句,前面有先行词place)23/35-24-考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点一考点七4.定语从句与强调句区分。当itis/was后出现表示地点或时间名词时,其后所接从句是定语从句还是强调句,要看将itis/was和that(能够先假设)去掉之后句式是否完整(不缺乏成份),若句式完整则为强调句。ItwasSundaywhenhecameback.(定语从句)ItwasonSundaythathecameback.(强调句式,强调是时间状语onSunday,去掉Itwas和that后句式完整)24/35-25-考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点一考点七1.当先行词为way,意为“方法、方式”,且在定语从句中做主语、宾语时,可用关系代词which或that;做状语时,要用inwhich或that或不填任何关系词。Theway(that/in

which)hefinished

the

tasksuccessfullywasdifficulttounderstand.(做状语)Thewaythat/whichheexplainedtomewasnotdifficulttounderstand.(做宾语)2.当先行词为time时,若表示“一段时间”,后面定语从句用when引导,也可用at/duringwhich;若表示“次数”,后面定语从句用that引导,that能够省略。TherewasatimewhenwehadnoTVsets.Thisisthesecondtime(that)thepresidenthasvisitedourcountry.25/35-26-ⅡⅠⅠ.用适当关系代词或关系副词填空1.(·浙江改编)Scientistshaveadvancedmanytheoriesaboutwhyhumanbeingscrytears,noneofwhichhasbeenproved.2.(·天津改编)Wewillputoffthepicnicintheparkuntilnextweek,whentheweathermaybebetter.解析:空格处是引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是“many

theories”,指物,从句中none

of+宾语,故此处用which做介词宾语。解析:依据句子结构可知,空格处引导非限制性定语从句,指代“next

week”做时间状语,所以应用“when”做引导词。26/35-27-ⅡⅠ3.(·江苏改编)Manyyoungpeople,mostofwhomwerewell-educated,headedforremoteregionstochasetheirdreams.4.(·北京改编)Ilivenextdoortoacouple

whose

childrenoftenmakealotofnoise.

解析:句意:许多受过良好教育年轻人都前往边远地域去追逐梦想。分析句子可知,空格处引导非限制性定语从句,且先行词是指人,故用表示人可做介词宾语whom。解析:句意:我住在一对夫妇隔壁,他们孩子经常会很吵。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导定语从句,修饰a

couple,在从句中做children定语,故用whose。27/35-28-ⅡⅠ5.(·10浙江改编)TheCrownePlazaHotelinCopenhagenisofferingafreemealtoanyguestwhoisabletoproduceelectricityforthehotelonanexercisebikelinkedtoagenerator(发电机).6.(·课标全国Ⅰ改编)I’dskippednearbyGuilin,adreamplacefortouristsseekingthelimestonemountaintopsanddarkwatersoftheLiRiver

that/which

arepicturedbyartistsinsomanyChinesepaintings.

解析:空格处是定语从句主语,修饰先行词any

guest,指代人;且guest前有不定代词any,故只能用主格who。解析:分析句子结构可知,此处为定语从句,且从句中缺乏主语,并修饰物,故用that/which。28/35-29-ⅡⅠ7.(·安徽改编)Someexpertsthinkreadingisthefundamentalskillupon

which

schooleducationdepends.

8.(·重庆改编)Hewrotemanychildren’sbooks,nearlyhalfofwhichwerepublishedinthe1990s.解析:本题主句是“Some

experts

think

reading

is

the

fundamental

skill”,“upon

school

education

depends”

是定语从句。在这类从句中,先行词指人时用whom,指物时则用which。在本句中先行词为the

fundamental

skill,且前面有upon,所以填which。句意:一些教授认为,阅读是学校教育所依赖基本技能。

解析:句意:他写了很多本儿童读物,其中快要二分之一是于20世纪90年代出版。此处考查“介词+关系代词”引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为books,指物,故填which。29/35-30-ⅡⅠ9.(·北京改编)OppositeisSt.Paul’sChurch,whereyoucanhearsomelovelymusic.10.Scientistshavesearchedforalongtimeforareasonwhysomanybeesaredisappearing.解析:句意:对面是圣保罗教堂,在那里你能够听到一些动听音乐。分析句意及句子结构可知,所填词引导定语从句,修饰St.Paul’s

Church;St.Paul’s

Church是一个表示地点名词,且从句中缺乏状语,故填where。解析:分析句子结构可知空格后为定语从句。先行词是a

reason,关系词在定语从句so

many

bees

are

disappearing中做状语,故用why来引导。30/35-31-ⅡⅠ11.Whenperformingascenewheretherewerefewlaughs,hewouldoftenmakeuphisownjokes,whichalwaysentertainedtheaudience,butsometimesalsoruinedthescene.12.I’mgladtointroduceMr.Smithtoyou,without

whose

considerationourprojectwouldhaveendedinfailure.

解析:空后是定语从句。从句中缺乏地点状语,故填where。解析:句意:我很高兴把史密斯先生介绍给你们,没有他考虑我们项目就会以失败告终。先行词为Mr.Smith,在定语从句中应表示为“without

his

consideration”,做定语,故用whose。31/35-32-ⅡⅠ13.—WhendidyouknowMr.Wang?—Itwaslastmonth

whenhewasknockeddownbyamotorbike.

解析:句意:——你什么时间认识王老师?

——那是在上个月他被一辆摩托车撞倒时认识。将答语还原就是:“It

was

last

month

when

he

was

knocked

down

by

a

motorbike

that

I

knew

Mr.Wang.”。last

month

when

he

was

knocked

down

by

a

motorbike是句子被强调部分,when引导是被强调部分定语从句,先行词是last

month,且从句中缺乏时间状语,故填when。32/35-33-ⅡⅠ15.Julieenjoyedreadingwhenyoung.Shegrewupinakeymiddleschoolinhercity,whereherparentsbothtaughtChinese.14.Lifeislikealongracewherewecompetewithotherstogobeyondourselves.解析:句意:生命就像长跑比赛,在比胜过程中,我们与他人竞争并由此超越自己。

we

compete

with

others

to

go

beyond

ourselves