适用于新高考新教材备战2025届高考英语一轮总复习Unit4Everydayeconomics外研版选择性必修第四册

Unit4EverydayeconomicsⅠ.阅读理解ADigitalhoarding(alsoknownase-hoardingordatahoarding)meansaccumulating(积累)alargequantityofelectronicmaterials,eventhoughitisnolongervaluabletotheuser.Antoinette,25,said,“Thoughnotwell-organized,theWhatsAppchatwithmybestfriendsinhighschoolwillneverbedeleted.It’sinterestinglookingbackatthestartoftherelationshipsomanyyearsagoandwhoIwasthen,andIcanseehowtherelationshiphaschanged.”Besidesthe“friends”wekeeponsocialmedia,digitalfiles,folders,music,moviesandcomputerprogramsarealsoformsofdigitalhoarding.Bothundergraduatesandgraduatesexpressedfeelingoverwhelmedwithmassesoftechnologicalleftoverdata:lecturenotes,PowerPointslides,PDFsofresearch,snapshotsofclassroomwhiteboards—nottomentiontheirownever-increasingMetafriendstheydidn’tknowbutwereafraidofunfriending.Iamalsoadigitalhoarder.MyfirsthomescreenisfilledwithappsIuseeveryday—Meta,Spotify,Twitter,Outlook,Weather,etc.MysecondhomescreenhasappsthatIdon’tusequiteasmuch,butstillwantwithineasyreach—billingapps,shopping,andsmarthomeapps.Mythirdhomescreeniswherethingsgetcomplexandoutofcontrol,justamessofgames,business-relatedapps,andatonofmiscellaneousdatathatarehardtobegroupedintoonecategory.IkeeptellingmyselfmaybeI’llneedthemonedaythathasnevercomeandprobablyneverwill.Hoardersfallintodifferentcategories.“Collectors”areorganized,systematicandincontroloftheirdata.“Accidentalhoarders”aredisorganized,don’tknowwhattheyhave,anddon’thavecontroloverit.The“complianthoarders”keepdataonbehalfoftheircompanies.Finally,“anxioushoarders”havestrongemotionaltiestotheirdataandareworriedaboutdeletingit.Peoplearemoreresistantwhenitcomestoactuallygettingridoftheirpreciouspossessions—perhapsbecausetheyhavetreatedtheselifelesspossessionsasiftheyhadthoughtsandfeelings.1.Whydoestheauthorwritethetext?A.Tointroducedigitalcollectors.B.Topresentamodernphenomenon.C.Toadvertisedigitalhoarding.D.Tooffertipsonhandlinge-data.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“miscellaneous”inparagraph4referto?A.Diverse.B.Reliable.C.Precise. D.Suitable.3.WhichtypeofdigitalhoarderdoesAntoinettebelongto?A.Collectors. B.Accidentalhoarders.C.Complianthoarder. D.Anxioushoarders.4.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsdigitalhoarding?A.Doubtful. B.Disapproving.C.Tolerant. D.Uncaring.BWhatdefinesus?Ifpressed,Iwouldanswerthatifthereisanypartofmethatsitsatmycore,thensurelyitmustbemymoralcentre,mydeep-seatedsenseofrightandwrong.AndIoftenfeelthatI’maslightlydifferentpersonineachlanguageIspeak—moredeterminedinEnglish,morerelaxedinFrench,andmoreemotionalinCzech.Isitpossiblethat,alongwiththesedifferences,mymoralguidelinesalsopointinsomewhatdifferentdirectionsdependingonthelanguageI’musing?InaresearchledbyAlbertCosta,volunteerswerepresentedwithamoraldilemmaknownasthe“trainproblem”:Imaginethatatrainischargingatfivepeoplestandingonthetrack,unabletomove.Theonlywaytostopthetrainandsparethefivepeopleistopushanotherstrangeroffafootbridgeintoitspath.Costaandhiscolleaguesfoundthatposingthedilemmainalanguagethatvolunteershadlearnedasforeigntonguedramaticallyincreasedtheirwillingnesstopushthesacrificialpersonoffthefootbridge,fromfewerthan20%respondentsusingtheirnativelanguagetoabout50%ofthoseusingtheforeignone.InanotherresearchconductedbyJanetGreipel,volunteersreadactsthatmanypeoplefindimmoral,suchasstorieswheresomeonecookedandatehisdogafterithadbeenkilledbycar.Thosewhoreadthestoriesinaforeignlanguageperceivedtheseactionslesswrongthanthosewhoreadthemintheirnativetongue.Thedifferenceinthisjudgmentcomesdowntotwoseparateandcompetingthinkingpatterns—oneofthese,aquickanddirectfeeling,andtheother,carefuldeliberationaboutthegreatestgoodforthelargestnumber.Whenweuseaforeignlanguage,weunconsciouslysinkintothemoredeliberatemodesimplybecausetheeffortofoperatinginourno-nativelanguageactivatesourcognitivesystem.Thisissimilartofindingsthatreadingmathproblemsinahard-to-readtypeface(字体)makespeoplelesslikelytomakecarelessmistakes.5.Whatcanwelearnabouttheauthorfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.Heinveststimeinstudyinglanguage.B.Heperceiveslanguagesdifferslightly.C.Heignorestheroleofmoralconcepts.D.Hethinkslanguagesrelatetomorals.6.Howdidtheauthorprovehisviewpoint?A.Bycarefullycitingexamples.B.Bycollectingandlistingdata.C.Byconductingexperiments.D.Byanalyzingpeople’shabits.7.Whyare“mathproblems”mentioned?A.Tojustifyathinkingpattern.B.Topresentanewfinding.C.Toclarifythecognitivesystem.D.Towarnagainstmakingmistakes.8.What’sthesuitabletitleforthepassage?A.Morality:TheCoreofPeopleB.Languages:InsightsintoJudgmentsC.Languages:AShapingPowertoMoralityD.Morality:ANewWaytoLearnLanguagesCSeveralyearsago,Iwasatapre-seasonfootballpracticeatahighschoolwhereIwasworkingwiththeteamonaconcussion(脑震荡)researchproject.Theplayerswerelinedupintworowsfacingeachotherandwithlittlemoreinstructionsfromthecoachthan,“onthewhistle,hitthemanacrossfromyou”,greatconcernrushedthroughmymind.Professionalsportsgetthelion’sshareofattention,butoverthreemillionchildrenandteenagersintheUnitedStatesplaythesamegame.Thisdirectlyplacesconcussionasasignificantpublichealthconcernforall.However,fordecades,concussionhasbeenconsideredatemporaryinjurywithnolong-termconsequences.Manyathleteswilldojustaboutanythingtostayonthefieldand“playthroughthepain”asasignoftoughness.In2005,withthereleaseofthebraintissuepathology(病理学)reportofMikeWebster,aretiredNationalFootballLeagueplayer,ourthinkingonconcussionbegantoshift.Sincethen,publicattentionhasfocusedonthislinkbetweenbraininjuryandblowstothehead.Asourunderstandingofconcussionprogressedtounderstandingitssignificanceasaninjury,sotoodidthedevelopmentofplayerequipment.Intheearly1900sfootballwasplayedwithouthelmets(头盔),butsevereinjuries,likeskullfractures,ledtotheoccasionaluseofleatherhelmetsinthe1920s.Thefirstfacemaskenteredthegameinthe1950s.Modernhelmetsuseadvancedshellmaterials,havemoveablepanelstoabsorbforces,andmulti-layeredpaddingthatrespondstodifferentimpacts.Companieswillcontinuetoimprovehelmetsasnewmaterialsbecomeavailable,guidedbythenewestscience.Sportsareanimportantpartofasociety’scultureandtheygivemillionsofchildrenmuch-neededexercise.Yet,participationinanysportcarriestheinjuryrisk,andconcussionwillalwaysbepartofthat.Asthosechildrenbecomeadultsandmakesportstheirhobbyorevencareer,ensuringtheyplaysafelyatalllevelsisessential.9.Whatmadetheauthorfeelconcerned?A.Thecoach’sinexperience.B.Thephysicalconflictsamongtheplayers.C.Unawarenessofthepotentialinjuries.D.Theunpredictableoutcomeoftheproject.10.Whatdidathletesusetodowhenmeetingwithsports-relatedconcussion?A.Theytendedtoignoreit.B.Theyfeltscaredaboutit.C.Theyquitplayingimmediately.D.Theyrefusedmedicalassistance.11.Whatdoesparagraph4mainlytalkaboutconcerningthehelmet?A.Itsgradualimprovement.B.Itswidespreadinfluence.C.Thediscoveryofitsnewmaterials.D.Thedifficultyofitsmassproduction.12.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.Exerciseisvitalforchildren.B.Sportssafetycan’tbeoveremphasized.C.Noparticipationinsportsiswithoutinjuries.D.Concussionisthemostcommoninjuryinsports.Ⅱ.完形填空OnedayIwasapproachingseveralmassivecreatureswhenIcametoasuddenstop.Itwaswellbeyondmethatthesehugeanimalsshouldbelimitedbyonlysomeropes.Itwas1thattheanimalscouldeasilyescapefromthesesmallropestiedtotheirfrontlegs.However,2,theydidnot.Ispotteda3closebyandwonderedwhytheelephantsjust4wheretheywereandhadnointentiontobreakaway.

“Well,”hereplied,“asthey’revery5wetiethemwiththesame6ropeandit’senoughto7themfortheirage.Astheygrowup,they’re8toholdthebeliefthattheycanneverrunaway.Theythinktheropesareboundto9holdthem,sotheydonotstruggletobreakfree.”Iwas10.Thelargeanimalscouldeasilymoveawayfromtheir11buttheyfelttheycouldn’t,sotheywere12rightthere.

Inourlifeanumberofpeopleare13withthesamewrongself-limitingbelief—I’mnotexcellentenoughorwhytryitifI’mnotgoingto14it.However,weoughtn’tto15ourcapability,talentandpotential.Instead,weshouldbelieveinourselves.Afterall,weneedtochangewiththetimesandthinkoutsidethebox.

1.A.importantB.obviousC.necessary D.hopeful2.A.atthattime B.fromthenonC.inthatcase D.forsomereason3.A.trainer B.teacherC.doctor D.businessman4.A.slept B.ateC.stood D.relaxed5.A.thin B.youngC.weak D.ill6.A.size B.colorC.style D.length7.A.attract B.trainC.cheat D.hold8.A.encouraged B.conditionedC.taught D.forced9.A.still B.evenC.just D.hardly10.A.thrilled B.interestedC.shocked D.disappointed11.A.owners B.thoughtsC.habitats D.bonds12.A.stuck B.killedC.sold D.fed13.A.laughedat B.toldoffC.broughtup D.reliedon14.A.mean B.catchC.get D.make15.A.control B.underestimateC.ignore D.developⅢ.读后续写阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。Surfingisathrillingsportthatrequiresagreatdealofskills,strength,calmanddetermination.Forteenagers,ridingthewavescanmaketheirbloodracingandisanaddictiveexperience.Thisisthestoryofoneteenager’sunforgettableadventurewhilesurfing.Alexisa16-year-oldboywhogrewupinasmallcoastaltown.Heisanenthusiasticsurferandspentmostofhisfreetimeridingthewaves.Onesunnymorning,heheadedouttothebeachtocatchsomewaves.Ashearrivedatthebeach,thesunwasshining,andthewaveswereperfect.Hegrabbedhissurfboardandpaddled(用桨划)outintothewater.Hespentthenextfewhourssurfing,andasthesunbegantoset,hedecidedtocatchonemorewavebeforeheadingbacktoshore.Alexspottedahugewaveonthehorizonandknewhehadtorideit.Hepaddledasfastashecould,feelingthewaterbeneathhimpushhimforward.Ashereachedthetopofthewave,hestooduponhisboardandfeltthewindrushpasthim.Thewavewashuge,andAlexfeltarushofexcitementasherodeittowardstheshore.Butasheapproachedtheshore,henoticedsomethingunusual.Thewaterwasmovingviolently,andhecouldhearastrangenoisecomingfrombeneathhim.Suddenly,thewavecrasheddownonhim,andhewasthrownfromhisboard.Hehitthewaterhardandwaspulledunderbythecurrent.Alexstruggledtoreachthesurfacebutfoundhimselftrappedinapowerfulcurrent.Thecurrentwaspullinghimouttosea,andhecouldfeelhimselfgettingfurtherandfurtherawayfromtheshore.Panicsetin,andhebegantofearforhislife.注意:1.续写词数应为150左右;2.请按如下格式作答。ButAlexwasdeterminednottogiveup.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Theboatnoticedhimandheadedtowardshim.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Unit4EverydayeconomicsⅠ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了什么是数字囤积、囤积的内容、囤积者的类型以及囤积的原因等。1.B推理判断题。根据文章第一段内容可知,本文主要围绕“数字囤积”这一社会现象展开。再结合下文内容可知,下文介绍了囤积的内容、囤积者的类型以及囤积的原因等。由此可推知,本文主要是为了向读者介绍“数字囤积”这种现代社会中存在的现象。故选B项。2.A词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句中的“wherethingsgetcomplexandoutofcontrol”和“thatarehardtobegroupedintoonecategory”可知,miscellaneousdata指的是复杂且无法控制的东西,这种东西难以归类。由此可推测出,只有数据种类繁多且混杂,才会难以把其归类。miscellaneous意为“混杂的,各种各样的”,与diverse意思最为接近。故选A项。3.D推理判断题。根据第二段Antoinette说的话中的“It’sinterestinglookingbackatthestartoftherelationshipsomanyyearsagoandwhoIwasthen,andIcanseehowtherelationshiphaschanged.”可知,Antoinette对自己存的数据有很强的感情。再根据倒数第二段中的“Finally,‘anxioushoarders’havestrongemotionaltiestotheirdataandareworriedaboutdeletingit.”可知,Antoinette属于焦虑的囤积者。故选D项。4.C推理判断题。第四段讲述了作者也是一个数字囤积者,作者的三台电脑里都存满了东西。根据第四段中的“MyfirsthomescreenisfilledwithappsIuseeveryday”,“MysecondhomescreenhasappsthatIdon’tusequiteasmuch,butstillwantwithineasyreach”和“Mythirdhomescreeniswherethingsgetcomplexandoutofcontrol”可知,作者在三台电脑上囤积了很多东西,但丝毫没有为此感到烦恼,这说明他对数字囤积持容忍的态度。故选C项。【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了作者认为语言与道德有关,列举了两个实验并对这种现象进行了总结。5.D细节理解题。根据前两段内容可知,作者认为语言与道德有关。故选D项。6.A推理判断题。根据第三段中的“InaresearchledbyAlbertCosta,volunteerswerepresentedwithamoraldilemmaknownasthe‘trainproblem’:Imaginethatatrainischargingatfivepeoplestandingonthetrack,unabletomove.”以及第四段中的“InanotherresearchconductedbyJanetGreipel,volunteersreadactsthatmanypeoplefindimmoral,suchasstorieswheresomeonecookedandatehisdogafterithadbeenkilledbycar.”可知,作者通过仔细地引用例子证明他的观点。故选A项。7.A推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Whenweuseaforeignlanguage,weunconsciouslysinkintothemoredeliberatemodesimplybecausetheeffortofoperatinginourno-nativelanguageactivatesourcognitivesystem.Thisissimilartofindingsthatreadingmathproblemsinahard-to-readtypefacemakespeoplelesslikelytomakecarelessmistakes.”可推知,提到“数学问题”是为一种思维模式辩护。故选A项。8.C标题归纳题。文章主要说明了作者认为语言与道德有关,列举了两个实验并对这种现象进行了总结。由此可知,C选项“语言:一种塑造道德的力量”最适合作文章标题。故选C项。【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述运动中的安全问题,以脑震荡为例,由一开始的忽视到后来得到重视的过程,以此来告诉我们运动中安全问题至关重要。9.C推理判断题。根据第一段“Severalyearsago,Iwas...greatconcernrushedthroughmymind.”可知,作者当时正与球队一起进行脑震荡研究项目,而教练命令队员去打对面的人,由此可推断出,作者一定是担心教练没有意识到其中潜在的伤害。10.A细节理解题。根据第三段的“However,fordecades,...tostayonthefieldand‘playthroughthepain’asasignoftoughness.”可知,以前,运动员在遇到与运动相关的脑震荡时往往会忽视它。故选A项。11.A主旨大意题。根据第四段“Intheearly1900sfootball...improvehelmetsasnewmaterialsbecomeavailable,guidedbythenewestscience.”可知,该段主要是说运动员所戴头盔的改进与变化。12.B推理判断题。根据文章的最后两句“Yet,participationinanysport...playsafelyatalllevelsisessential.”可以推断出,运动安全怎么强调都不为过。故选B项。Ⅱ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章结合作者看到大象被细绳绑住但不逃脱的原因的解释,提到了生活中也有一些类似的人,他们低估自己的能力、才能和潜力,认为自己不会成功。最后作者指出,我们应该相信自己,需要与时俱进,跳出思维定式。1.B根据上文“thesehugeanimalssho