英语简单句的五种句型

一、句子成分组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。英语句子成分有主语，谓语，宾语，宾语补足语，表语，定语，状语等。顺序一般是主语，谓语，宾语，宾语补足语，而表语，定语，状语的位置要根据情况而定。主语：主语表示句子主要说明的人或事物，是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在therebe结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.（名词）WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.（代词）One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.（数词）Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.（不定式）Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.（动名词）Therichshouldhelpthepoor.（名词化的形容词）WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.（主语从句）Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）2、谓语：谓语说明主语的动作，状态或特征。一般可分为两类：1)简单谓语：由动词(或短语动词)构成。可以有不同的时态，语态和语气。如：Westudyforthepeople.2.复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如：Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.Hehascaughtabadcold.（2）由系动词加表语构成。如：Wearestudents.3、表语:表语是谓语的一部分，用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如：OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.（名词）Isityours?（代词）Theweatherhasturnedcold.（形容词）Thespeechisexciting.（分词）Threetimessevenistwentyone?（数词）HisjobistoteachEnglish.（不定式）Hishobby（爱好）isplayingfootball.（动名词）Themachinemustbeoutoforder.（介词短语）Timeisup.Theclassisover.（副词）Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.（表语从句）宾语:宾语表示动作行为的对象，一般位于及物动词和介词之后。Theywenttoseeanexhibition（展览）yesterday.（名词）Theheavyrainpreventedmeformcomingtoschoolontime.（代词）Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.（数词）Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.（名词化形容词）Hepretendednottoseeme.（不定式短语）Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.（动名词短语）Ithink（that）heisfitforhisoffice.（宾语从句）宾语种类：（1）有些及物动词可以带两个宾语，往往一个指人，一个指物，指人的叫间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语。如：Hegavemesomeink.双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：Lendmeyourdictionary,please.（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor.（六）宾语补足语：英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等+宾语+宾补）。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如：HisfathernamedhimDongming.（名词）Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.（形容词）Letthefreshairin.（副词）Youmustn’tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.（不定式短语）Wesawherenteringtheroom.（现在分词）Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.（介词短语）Wewillsoonmakeourcitywhatyourcityisnow.（从句）（七）定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示：Guilinisabeautifulcity.（形容词）Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.（分词）Therearethirtywomenteachersisourschool.（名词）HisrapidprogressinEnglishmadeussurprised.（代词）Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.（不定式短语）Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.（动名词）HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.（介词短语）（八）状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。状语一般放在被修饰的词之后或放在句尾。副词作状语时可放在被修饰的词前或句首。可由以下形式表示：Lighttravelsmostquickly.（副词及副词性词组）Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.（介词短语）Heisproudtohavepassedthenationalcollegeentranceexamination.（不定式短语）Heisintheroommakingamodelplane.（分词短语）Onceyoubegin,youmustcontinue.（状语从句）状语种类如下：Howaboutmeetingagainatsix?（时间状语）Lastnightshedidn’tgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.（原因状语）Ishallgothereifitdoesn’train.（条件状语）MrSmithlivesonthethirdfloor.（地点状语）Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.（方式状语）Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.（伴随状语）Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.（目的状语）Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.（结果状语）Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.（让步状语）Iamtallerthanheis.（比较状语）二、简单句的五种基本句型只包含一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）的句子，称作简单句。五种基本句型歌

：英语句子万万千，五大句型把线牵。句型种类为动词，后接什么是关键；

系词后面接表语；vi独身无牵连；

vt又可分三类，单宾双宾最常见，

还有宾语补足语；各种搭配记心间。简单句有以下5种基本句型：基本句型一：ＳＶ（主＋谓）基本句型二：ＳＶＰ（主＋谓＋表）基本句型三：ＳＶＯ（主＋谓＋宾）基本句型四：ＳＶＯＯ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）基本句型五：ＳＶＯＣ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）三、句型实例句型一：ＳＶ（主＋谓）主语+不及物动词+状语此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。例：Itisrainingheavily.Mytoothaches.Thesunwasshining.句型二：主语+连系动词+表语此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。（做表语的可是名词，形容词，副词和介词短语）例：ThisisanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.Thedinnersmellsgood.Everythinglooksdifferent.Heisout.句型三：主语+及物动词+宾语此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。例：Theyenjoytheplay.ImetJohninthestreetyesterday.Whoknowstheanswer?Heenjoysreading.Hesaid"Goodmorning."句型四：主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语此句型的句子有一个共同特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来连接，当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承受者之前时，这一介词往往被省略。例：Heboughtherawatch.Thesungivesuslight.Sheorderedherselfanewdress.Shecookedherhusbandadeliciousmeal.Hebroughtyouadictionary.Hedenieshernothing.Ishowedhimmypictures.Igavemycarawash.Itoldhimhatthebuswaslate.Heshowedmehowtorunthemachine.注意：双宾语一个指人（即间接宾语），另一个指物（即直接宾语）。一般间接宾语位于直接宾语的前面，有时它们也可交换位置，这是需要在间接宾语的前面加上介词to或for。间接宾语前需要加to的常用动词有：allow,bring,deny,do(带来），give,grant,hand,leave,lend,offer,owe,pass,pay,permit,promise,read,refuse,render,restore,sell,send,show,teach,tellwish,write等。间接宾语前需要加for的常用动词有：bring,buy,cash,choose,fetch,get,leave,make,order,paint,play(演奏)，save,sing,spare等。句型五：主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。常用于这句型的动词有：appoint,call,choose,elect,entitle,find,make,name,nominate(命名)。例：Shefoundhimaverycleverstudent.Imakeitaruletogetupearlyinthemorning.Theyappointedhimmanager.Theyfoundthehousedeserted.Whatmakeshimthinkso?Wesawhimout.Heaskedmetocomebacksoon.Isawthemgettingonthebus.注意：当宾语意思表达不完整时，需要用不足与补充说明宾语的状态、性质等。用作宾语补足语的通常有名词、形容词、动词不定式等。当谓语动词为see,hear,watch,feel等感官动词或者let,have,make等使役动词时，如果不定式作宾语补足语，必须省略to。练习：指出下列简单句各属于基本句型中的哪一种。A主语+连系动词+表语B主语+不及物动词C主语+及物动词+宾语D主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语E主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语1.MadameCurie’smotherlandwasPoland.________2.Jackbecameaskilledtaxi-driversoon.________3.Theworldischanging.________4.Advertisementsgoeverywhere.________5.Asingleegginthemonther’sbodyformsindenticaltwins.________6.Thetempleneedscleaningandrepairing.________7.Thedoctortaughtthegymnast体操运动员howtoprotecthisownbody.________8.Theboytoldthepolicemanwherehelived.________9.Twomenbehindwillnotlethimescape.________10.Theairinloosesnowkeepstheanimalswarm.________Key1A2.AC3.B4C5C6C7D8D9E10E

基本句型（一）主语+不及物动词(S+V)1.他昨天早上起床很晚。________________________________________________________2.那天晚上我们谈了很多。________________________________________________________3.会议将持续两个小时。________________________________________________________4.1919年，在北京爆发了“五四”运动.(theMayFourthMovement)_________________________________________________________5.这个盒子重五斤。(kilo)_________________________________________________________6.五年前我住在北京。_________________________________________________________7.在过去十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。_________________________________________________________基本句型（二）主语+及物动词+宾语(S+V+O)1.昨晚我写了一封信。__________________________________________________________2.我父亲能流利地说英语。fluently__________________________________________________________3.你介意我开窗户吗？__________________________________________________________4.你们必须在两周之内看完那些书。__________________________________________________________5.他指出我的作文中的错误。pointout,composition__________________________________________________________6.我们必须派人去请医生。_________________________________________________________7.你在工作中可以依靠他。__________________________________________________________8.写完作文后，我们必须检查一遍。goover__________________________________________________________基本句型（三）主语+系动词+表语(S+V+C)1.我的兄弟都是大学生。__________________________________________________________2.这本书是关于美国历史的书。__________________________________________________________3.她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童。nursery__________________________________________________________4.他失业了。__________________________________________________________5.树叶已经变黄了。__________________________________________________________6.这个报告听起来很有意思。__________________________________________________________7.布朗夫人看起来很健康。__________________________________________________________8.十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。pianist__________________________________________________________9.孩子们，请保持安静。__________________________________________________________基本句型（四）主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语(S+V+IO+DO)1.奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。__________________________________________________________2.请把那本字典递给我好吗？dictionary_________________________________________________________3.我父亲已经给我买了一辆新自行车。_________________________________________________________4.我替你叫辆出租车好吗？__________________________________________________________5.这个学期我已经给父母写过三封信了。__________________________________________________________6.他把车票给列车员看。conductor__________________________________________________________基本句型（五）主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语(S+V+O+C)1.我们大家都认为他是诚实的。consider__________________________________________________________2.我们把小偷释放了。set…free__________________________________________________________3.他叫我们参加做游戏。__________________________________________________________4.我要你把真相告诉我。__________________________________________________________5.每天早晨，我们都听到他大声朗读英语。__________________________________________________________6.那可怕的声音把孩子们吓坏了。make…frightened__________________________________________________________7.他每个月理一次发。__________________________________________________________8.我们要使学校变得更美丽。__________________________________________________________基本句型练习答案三指出下面句子分别属于哪个句型。1.（6）2.(1)(3)(8)3.(4)4.(7)5.(5)6.(2)基本句型（一）主语+不及物动词(S+V)Hegotupverylateyesterdaymorning.2.Thateveningwetalkedagreatdeal.3.Themeetingwilllasttwohours.4.TheMayFourthMovementbrokeoutinBeijingin1919.5.Thisboxweighsfivekilos.6.IlivedinBeijingfiveyearsago.7.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinmyhometowninthepasttenyears.基本句型（二）主语+及物动词+宾语(S+V+O)Iwrotealetterlastnight.2.MyfathercanspeakEnglishfluently.3.Doyoumindmyopeningthewindow.4.Youmustfinishreadingthesebooksintwoweeks.5.Hepointedoutthemistakesinmycomposition.6.Wemustsendforadoctor.7.Youcandependonhiminyourwork.8.Afterwritingacomposition,wemustgooverit.基本句型（三）主语+系动词+表语(S+V+C)1Mybrothersareallcollegestudents.2ThisbookisaboutthehistoryoftheUnitedStates.3Herjobistolookafterthechildreninthenursery.4Heisoutofwork.5.Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.6Thereportsoundsinteresting.7.Mrs.Brownlooksveryhealthy8Attheageoffifteenhebecameafamouspianist.9.Children,keepquietplease.基本句型（四）主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语(S+V+IO+DO)1.Grandmatoldmeaninterestingstorylastnight.2.Wouldyoupleasepassmethedictionary.3.Myfatherhasboughtmeanewbike.4.ShallIcallyouataxi?5.ThistermIhavewrittenthreeletterstomyparents.6.Heshowedthetickettotheconductor.基本句型（五）5.主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语(S+V+O+C)Allofusconsiderhimhonest.2.Thehavesetthethieffree.3.Heaskedustojoininthegame.4.Iwantyoutotellmethetruth.5.EverymorningwehearhimreadEnglishaloud.6.Theterriblesoundmadethechildrenfrightened.7.Hehashishaircutonceamonth.8.Wewillmakeourschoolmorebeautiful.二、简单句、并列句和复合句按句子