定语从句讲解市公开课特等奖市赛课微课一等奖课件

TheAttributiveClause(定语从句）（一）定义：在复合句中，形容词性从句，修饰前面某一名词或代词从句叫定语从句。被定语从句修饰词叫先行词引导定语从句词叫关联代词或关联副词Maryisabeautiful

girl.形容词作定语Maryisagirlwhohaslonghair.句子作定语,修饰girl,叫做定语从句第1页Maryisagirl.Maryhaslonghair.合并为一个句子Maryisagirl

who

haslonghair.第2页先行词关联词，引导词定语从句Maryisagirlwho

haslonghair.关系代词关系副词which,who,whom,whose,thatWhere,when，why第3页结构：

先行词+关系词+句子定语能够由形容词、代词、数词、名词、分词、不定式、介词短语等来担任，修饰名词。(以分词、介词短语为例）eg：Thegirlbehindthetree

isKate.=

Themandrivingtoofast

wasdrunk.=（二）关系代词与关系副词普通代词与关系代词区分Ihaveasister.She

worksinShanghai.

代替sister普通代词：只起代替作用（如上例she)Ihaveasister

who/that

worksinShanghai.关系代词：（如上例who/which）第4页1.代替先行词;2.它还在定语从句中担任一定成份;3.同时连接先行词与它引导定语从句。（把主句和从句连起来）选择关系代词三步骤：1.找出整个句子主谓宾主干2.找出先行词确定先行词在从句中成份3.确定关系代词人称与数，及定语从句时态指人：who(主/宾格)thatwhom(宾格)whose指物：thatwhich指人或物:thatwhose第5页1.Themanisaworker.2.Themanisspeakingatthemeeting.合并句子:Themanwho

isspeakingatthe

meetingisaworker.3.Thehouseisverybeautiful.Theyliveinthehouse.Thehousethat

theyliveinisverybeautiful.第6页关系代词

1.who指人,作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略）Theman(who)Italkedwithisourteacher.Apersonwho

stealsthingsiscalledathief.2.whom指人,作宾语(作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省)Theman(whom/who)ItalkedtoisMr.Li.ThemantowhomItalkedisMr.Li.第7页关系代词

3.whose是代词全部格形式,它既能够代人也能够代物。

Pleaseshowmethebook.Itscoverisred.Pleaseshowmethebook

whosecoverisred.Isawawoman.Herbagwasstolen.Isawawoman

whosebagwasstolen.第8页4.which指物，作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省)Thesearethetreeswhichwereplantedlastyear.TheTVset(which)heboughtyesterdayismadeinJapan.Isthisthelibrary(which)youborrowbooksfrom?Isthisthelibraryfromwhichyouborrowbooks?第9页————关系副词

关系副词是用来引导定语从句，它和关系代词一样,在从句中代替先行词,在句中作状语。Where:在从句中作地点状语,指代地点.When:在从句中作时间状语,指代时间。How:在从句中作方式状语,指代方式。Why:在从句中作原因状语,指代原因。1.Thehotelwasn’tclean.

+Westayedatthehotel.Thehotel

wherewestayedwasn’tclean.Thehotel

atwhichwestayedwasn’tclean.The

hotel

(which)

westayedatwasn’tclean.第10页2.I’llneverforgettheday.

IjoinedtheLeagueonthatday.I’llneverforgettheday

whenIjoinedtheLeague.=I’llneverforgettheday

onwhichIjoinedtheLeague.3.Ihaveexplainedthereason

whyIwaslate.最终，定语从句谓语动词和先行词一致.注:1)定语从句时态不受主句限制。

Thewoman

who/that

spokeatthemeetingyesterday

is

my

mother.(主句)Thewomanismymother.(叙述客观事实用普通现在时)(从句)Thewoman(who/that)spokeatthemeetingyesterday.(句中yesterday表示过去时间)第11页2)在从句中不能再重复使用相当于先行词词eg:Thisistherightbookthatyouarelookingforthebook.×Thisistherightbookthatyouarelookingforit.×Thisistherightbookthatyouarelookingfor.1.关系代词that,which引导定语从句:假如先行词是表示物名词或代词，关系代词应用that、which.(作主语或宾语)第12页Thisisadream.Thedreamwillnevercometrue.Thisisadream

whichnevercometrue.Thedoghasbeenfound.Thedogwaslost.Thedogwhichwaslosthasbeenfound.Practise:Thisisthehouse

whichisforsale.2.Thebookwhichislyingonthefloorismine.①

which/that作主语.(不能省)/that（作主语）第13页②which/that作宾语：（可省略）Thisisthecard.I’vejustreceivedthecard.Thisisthecardwhich/thatI’vejustreceived.只就是我总是犯错误Thisisthemistakewhich/thatIalwaysmake.我依然保留她写给我信Istillkeeptheletters

whichshewrotetome.我把我父亲给我买钢笔丢了Ilostthepen

whichmyfatherboughtme.()（作宾语）第14页Aplaneisamachinethat/whichcanfly.Aplaneisamachine.Itcanfly.Heistheman.Itoldyouabouthim.Heistheman(that/who/whom)Itoldyouabout.

注意：介词提前时只能用which而不能用that。fromthatIsthisthelibrary

youborrowbooks?fromwhich第15页which/that(which/that)(which/that)(1)Thesearethetreeswereplantedlastyear.(2)ThisrecorderheisusingismadeinJapan.(3)Isthisthelibraryyouborrowbooksfrom?(4)Isthisthelibraryyouborrowbooks?fromwhich第16页2.关系代词that,which引导定语从句:

①who/that作主语.(不能省)Thisisthefilmstar.ThefilmstarisverypopularinChina.ThisisthefilmstarwhoisverypopularinChina.(作主语)TheboywhobrokethewindowiscalledRoy.Doyouknowtheman

whospokeatthemeetingyesterday?Thegirlwhoiswateringtheflowers

ismycousin./that第17页②who/whom/that作宾语：(可省略)Themanisafamouswriter.Hedescribedthemanjustnow.Theman(who/whom/that)hedescribedjustnowisafamouswriter.

(作宾语）Theboywho(m)I‘mlookingforismyfriend.Thethiefhasbeensenttoprison.Thepolicecaughtthethieflastnight.

Thethiefwhomthepolicecaughtlastnighthasbeensenttoprison.第18页小结：that－既可指人，也可指物，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，能够省略。which－指物，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，能够省略.who－指人，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，能够省略,（惯用whom）注:当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,定语从句谓语动词形式由先行词定。第19页3.①whose作定语,表示所属关系。

Theboyismyclassmate.Theboy’sfatherisadetective.Theboy

whosefatherisadetectiveismyclassmate.whose=ofwhom=Theboy

thefatherofwhom

isadetective

ismyclassmate.=Theboy

ofwhomthefatherisadetective

ismyclassmate.第20页Thereare20studentsinthisclass,______aredifferent.A.whosebackgroundsB.thebackgroundsofwhomC.ofwhomthebackgroundsD.thebackgroundsofwhose

第21页

②when作时间状语:Shewillneverforgettheday.Shewasmarriedonthatday.Shewillneverforgettheday

when(=onwhich)shewasmarried.Itwastheyear.TheWorldWarIbrokeoutintheyear.Itwastheyear

when(=inwhich)theWorldWarIbrokeout.When=介词+which

第22页③where作地点状语Iwanttoknowtheplace.Iwasbornthere.Iwanttoknowtheplace

where(=inwhich)Iwasborn.Thetable

where(=atwhich)

sheissitting

isanewone.where=介词+which第23页④why作原因状语,其先行词经常是thereason.Thatisthereason

why(=forwhich)I’mlate.Iknowthereason

whyhesaidit.why=forwhich第24页

Thegirl

inahat

isLucy.=Thegirl

who/thatisinahat

isLucy.

Thecup

filledwithwater

wasputonthetable.=Thecup

that/whichwasfilledwithwater

wasputonthetable.介词短语作后置定语与定语从句交换：____________________________________________Sheisoneof

thosewomen

whohave

cars.第25页定语从句同意句转换:1.TheteacherwhowearsapairofglassesisMissWang.=TheteacherwearingapairofglassesisMissWang.2.ThemachinethatismadeinChinaisdear.=ThemachinemadeinChinaisdear.3.Thenovelthatiswrittenbyhimsellswell.=Thenovelwrittenbyhimsellswell.4.Thedinosaurs(which)werediscoveredbythemareonshow.=Thedinosaursdiscoveredbythemare…..第26页小结：引导定语从句关系词1)关系代词起代词作用，关系副词起副词作用。所以一样先行词，因为在从句中担任位置不一样需要挑选不一样关系词。eg:Thisistheplacewhereheworks.关系词作状语=intheplaceThisistheplacewhichwevisited.关系词作宾语=theplace2)在口语中that可代替关系副词eg:Thisistheplacethatheworks.3)有时为了句子平衡，较短定语插入定语从句和先行词中间第27页eg:Iwastheonlypersoninmyofficethatwasinvited.4)关系代词做从句主语时，从句谓语人称与先行词一至。eg:Thosewhoaregoingcomehere.5)先行词为句子时，从句谓语应为第三人称单数。eg:Theexamswereputoffwhichwasexactlywhatwewanted.6)关系代词与介词:关系代词或“介词+关系代词”在从句中作定语时，被修饰次要提前。介词放在关系代词前面时,介词宾语只能用which代物,用whom代人。(介词在末尾时,关系词能够省略)第28页1,Thisisthehero(whom)weareproudof.Thisistheheroofwhomweareproud.Thisisthehero(that)weareproudof.2,Theroom

(that)Iliveinisverybig.Theroom

(which)Iliveinisverybig.Theroom

inwhichIliveisverybig.Theroom

whereIliveisverybig.注意:固定动介词组不可分割,介词不能提前.比如:lookafter,lookat…eg:Isthisthewatchwhichheislookingfor?Theoldmanwhomthenursesarelookingafterisverywellnow.第29页1.Thehouse____weliveisveryold.A.whichB.thatC.whomD.inwhich2.Canyoushowmethedress___youboughtyesterday?A.whoB.whomC.whereD.which第30页(五)注意几个问题1）若定语从句引导词为关系代词that,which,whom,在句中作宾语时，则引导词均可省略。2）定语从句中主谓一致问题Who,which,that在从句中作主语时，从句谓语人，数，必须和先行词一至。eg:鲍勃是其中一个努力学习一个学生Bobisoneofthestudentswhostudyhard.鲍勃是努力学习学生们其中仅有一个一个Bodistheonly

oneofthestudentswhostudieshard.第31页有时只能用that,不用which,常见情况有六种：)当先行词是all,any,few,little,none,anything,everything,nothing,everybody,nobody,everyone,noone,theone等不定代词修饰时或被它们修饰时。

eg:That’sall

thatIknow.Isthereanything

thatIcandoforyou?Heansweredfewquestionsthattheteacherasked.2)当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词,数词(last)修饰时Thatisthemostinterestingbook

thatIhaveeverread.第32页Thefirstthing

thatIshoulddoistoreviewmylessons.3)当先行词有thevery,theonly,thesame,only,all,no,oneof等修饰时。eg:That’stheonlythingthatIcandonow.Thesearetheverywordsthatheused.4)当主句以who或which开头特殊疑问句，定语从句关系词用that,而不用which或who.eg:Whoisthegirl

thatspoketoyoujustnow?Whichisthepen

thatyoulost?第33页5)先行词同时包含人或物时，关系词用that.Themanandhisdog

thatIalwaysmeetarestandingbythegate.6)当关系代词在从句中作表语时。Chinaisnotthecountry

thatitwas.第34页⑤只用which,不用that情况：1.关系代词前有介词时。

Thisisthecage

that/which

Pollylives

in.

=Thisisthecage

inwhich

Pollylives.inthat()=Thisisthecage

where

Pollylives.2.先行词本身为that.Theclockis

that

which

tellsthetime.3.在非限制性定语从句中。HisEnglish,

whichusedtobepoor

,isexellentnow.第35页注:who、that在指人能够通用，但以下宜用who,不用that

1).先行词是anyone,someone,those时关系词使用whoThosewhowanttogototheGreatWallsignuphere.Isthereanyonewhowantstogothere?2).在therebe句型中，先行词指人,关系词用whoThereisanoldmanwhowantstoseeyou.Therearemanyyoungmenwhoareagainsthim.第36页(1)Thescientistisveryfamousintheworld.

Wemetheryesterday.(2)Thedressisnew.Sheiswearingit.ØwhomwhothatThescientist

wemetyesterdayisveryfamousintheworld.whichthatØThedresssheiswearingisnew.第37页(3)Heisthekindperson.

Ihaveeverworkedwithhim.

(4)Thisisthebestfilm.Ihaveeverseenthisfilm.whothatwhomØHeisthekindperson

Ihaveeverworkedwith.ØthatThisisthebestfilmIhaveeverseen.第38页不用that，而用which，who，whom情况Hemadethesamemistakesagain,_____madehisparentsveryangry.YesterdayIboughtadictionary,_______costmemorethan100yuan.MrSmith,_______gaveatalkseveralmonthsago,willcomeagain.Myunclehascomebackfromabroad,________Ihaven’tmetforalongtime.whichwhichwhowhom在非限制性定语从句中，指事物用which，指人用who或whom。在介词后面，指事物用which，指人用whom。第39页Herbag,in________sheputallhermoney,hasbeenstolen.Thisistheringon________shespent1000dollars.XiaoWang,with________Iwenttotheconcert,enjoyitverymuch.whichwhichwhom/who2.关系代词who,that引导定语从句:假如先行词是表示人名词或代词，关系代词应用who,that(作主语或宾语)whom(作宾语)第40页(六)限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句1）限制性定语从句起限定作用，是主句不可缺乏部分，先行词前无逗号，翻译时常译成前置定语。eg:InourschoolthereareeightforeignteacherswhocomefromAustralia.(8为来自澳大利亚老师，还有可能不是澳大利亚人)2）非限制性定语从句起补充说明作用，省略后并不影响主句意思，而且用逗号隔开，翻译时常译成并列分句（从不用that关联词）eg:Inourschoolthereareeightforeignteachers，whocomefromAustralia.(8为来自澳大利亚老师全是澳大利亚人)第41页Exercise1.Ihaveafriend________likeslisteningtoclassicalmusic.who/thatwhich/thatwhose3.

Theman______legbrokeinamatchusedtobeafootballplayer.2.YesterdayEmilywaswearingthenewdress__________Igaveher.第42页4.Myparentsliveinahouse__________ismorethan100yearsold.5.Theboywith_______Johnspokeismybrother.which/thatwhom6.Kevinisreadingabook__________istoodifficultforhim.which/that第43页7.Isthereanything________youwanttobuyinthetown.8.All______wecandoistostudyhard.9.Thefirstone_____standsupisalittleboy.thatthatthat第44页Exercises:1.Theradioset_____hasgonewrong.A.IboughtitlastweekB.IboughtlastweekC.whichIboughtitlastweekD.whatIboughtlastweek2.I’lltellyou_____hetoldmelastweek.A.allwhichB.allwhatC.thatallD.allB

D第45页3.Thisisthebiggestlab_____wehaveeverbuiltinourschool.A.whichB.whatC.whereD./4.IsOxygen(氧气）theonlygas_____helpsfireburn?thatB./C.whichD.itAchild_____parentsaredeadiscalledanorphan(孤儿).A.whoB.whoseC.who’sD.whichAB

D第46页6.Thehouse____wesawatthefootofthehillwasbuiltacenturyago.whichB.whereC.whatD.inwhich7.Isthatthereason_____youarefortheplan.whichB.whatC.whyD.forthat8.Isthisthemuseum_____someGermanfriendsvisitedlastweek.thatB.whereC.theoneD.inwhich9.October1,1949istheday_____thePRCwasfounded.A.whichB.whenC.thatD.onthatACAB第47页

1.Theplace_______interestedmemostwastheChildren'sPalace.

A.WhichB.whereC.whatD.inwhich

2.Doyouknowtheman_______?

A.whomIspokeB.towhospokeC.IspoketoD.thatIspoke

3.Thisisthehotel_______lastmonth.

A.whichtheystayedB.atthattheystayed

C.wheretheystayedatD.wheretheystayed

4.Doyouknowtheyear______theChineseCommunistPartywasfounded?

A.whichB.thatC.whenD.onwhich

5.Thatistheday______I'llneverforget.

A.whichB.onwhichC.inwhichD.whenACDCCA第48页6.Thefactory______we'llvisitnextweekisnotfarfromhere.

A.whereB.towhichC.whichD.inwhich7.Greatchangeshavetakenplacesincetheninthefactory_______weareworking.

A.whereB.thatC.whichD.there8.Thisisoneofthebestfilms_______.

A.thathavebeenshownthisyearB.thathaveshown

C.thathasbeenshownthisyearD.thatyoutalked9.Canyoulendmethebook______theotherday?

A.aboutwhichyoutalkedB.whichyoutalked

C.aboutthatyoutalkedD.thatyoutalked10.Thepen______heiswritingismine.

A.withwhichB.inwhichC.onwhichD.bywhich

CAAAA第49页11.Theyarrivedatafarmhouse,infrontof______satasmallboy.

A.whomB.whoC.whichD.that12.Theengineer______myfatherworksisabout50yearsold.

A.towhomB.onwhomC.withwhichD.withwhom13.Isthereanyoneinyourclass______familyisinthecountry?

A.whoB.who'sC.whichD.whose14.I'minterestedin______youhavesaid.

A.allthatB.allwhatC.thatD.which15.Iwanttousethesamedictionary______wasusedyesterday.A.whichB.whoC.whatD.as

16.Heisn'tsuchaman______heusedtobe.

A.whoB.whomC.thatD.as

CDDADD第50页17.HeisgoodatEnglish,______weallknow.

A.thatB.asC.whomD.what18.LiMing,______totheconcertenjoyeditverymuch.

A.IwentwithB.withwhomIwentC.withwhoIwentD.Iwentwithhim19.Idon'tlike______asyouread.

A.thenovelsB.thesuchnovelsC.suchnovelsD.samenovels20.Hetalkedalotaboutthingsandpersons________theyrememberedintheschool.

A.whichB.thatC.whomD.what

BBCC第51页1.Heisn'tsuchaman______heusedtobe.

A.whoB.whomC.thatD.as2.HeisgoodatEnglish,______weallknow.

A.thatB.asC.whomD.what3.LiMing______totheconcertenjoyeditverymuch.

A.IwentwithB.withwhomIwentC.withwhoIwentD.Iwentwithhim4.Idon'tlike______asyouread.

A.thenovelsB.thesuchnovelsC.suchnovelsD.samenovels5.Hetalkedalotaboutthingsandpersons________theyrememberedintheschool.

A.whichB.thatC.whomD.what

D,B,B,C,B第52页6.Theletterisfrommysister______isworkinginBeijing.

A.whichB.thatC.whomD.who7.Inourfactorythereare2,000workers,twothirdsof____arewomen.

A.themB.whichC.whomD.who8.You'retheonlyperson______I'veevermet______coulddoit.

A.who;/B./;whomC.whom;/D./;who9.LastsummerwevisitedtheWestLake,______Hangzhouisfamousintheworld.

A.forwhichB.forthatC.inwhichD.what

D,B,D,A第53页10.Ihaveboughtsuchawatch_______wasadvertisedonTV.

A.thatB.whichC.asD.it11.Icanneverforgettheday_______weworkedtogetherandtheday______wespenttogether.

A.when;whichB.which;whenC.what;thatD.onwhich;when12.Thisisthereason______hedidn'tcometothemeeting.

A.inwhichB.withwhichC.thatD.forwhich13.Thismachine,______formanyyears,isstillworkingperfectly.

A.whichIhavelookedafterB.thatIhavelookedafterC.Ihavelookedafter

A,A,C,A第54页14.Thereason______hedidn'tcomewas______hewasill.

A.why;thatB.that;whyC.forthat;thatD.forwhich;what15.Heisworkinghard,______willmakehimpassthefinalexam.

A.thatB.whichC.forwhichD.who16.Ihavetwodictionaries,______areofgreatuse.

A.allofwhichB.eitherofwhichC.bothofthatD.bothofwhich

A,B,D,第55页17.Theyarrivedatafarmhouse,infrontof______satasmallboy.

A.whomB.whoC.whichD.that18.Theengineer______myfatherworksisabout50yearsold.

A.towhomB.onwhomC.withwhichD.withwhom19.Isthereanyoneinyourclass______familyisinthecountry?

A.whoB.who'sC.whichD.whose20.I'minterestedin______youhavesaid.

A.allthatB.allwhatC.thatD.whichC,D,D,A,第56页21.Thisisthemagazine_______Icopiedtheparagraph.

A.thatB.whichC.fromthatD.fromwhich22.Youcandependonwhateverpromise_______hemakes.

A./B.whyC.whenD.whose23.Smoking,_______isabadhabit,is,however,popular.

A.thatB.whichC.itD.though

D,A,B第57页

单项选择。

1.Thisisthejob______theylaughedat.A.whichB.asC.itD.who2.BeihaiParkisabeautifulpark____builtabout300yearsago.A.wherewasB.thatwereC.whichwasD.where3.Whowasthegrey-hairedman______atyesterday’smeeting?A.wesawhimB.wesawC.wesawwhoD.shewasseen4.Theman______ispaintingthehouseismyuncle.A.he B.whomC.whose D.who5.Whatistheanimal______babyissleepinginitspocket?A.who B.whoseC.its D.whichACBDB第58页6.Thisbookisforthestudents______nativelanguageisn’tEnglish.A.that B.ofwhomC.whose D.who’s7.Therobbersshouted,“Handsup!I’llshootanyone______moves!”A.whom B.that C.who D.whose8.Thedictionary_____hepaid50yuanforisveryuseful.A.whichB.forwhichC.onwhichD.aboutwhich9Theboy_____parentsdiedtwoyearsagoliveswithhisgrandpanow.A.whoseB.whoC.hisD./10.Theman_______issmokingisabusdriver.A.whomB.whoC.whichD.whatCCAAB第59页依据汉语完成句子：1.Thisistheengineer________________________________(给我们作关于计算机汇报)theotherday.2.Mynecklaceisnot________________________________.(唯一不见东西).3.Theman______________________________________(在这间房子里工作)isanEnglishteacher.4.Theoldbuilding_____________________________(我们住)hasbeenherefor30years.5.Thehistorybook_______________________________(封皮是黄）waslost.whogaveusatalkaboutcomputerstheonlythingthat’smissingwhoworksintheroom(that/which)weliveinwhosecoverisyellow第60页依据汉语完成句子：6.Hereisthepen________________________________.(你昨天丢失）7.Thisisthebestbook_____________________________.(我读过）8.Ihavelostthepen_______________________________.（我父亲给我买）9.Wheatisaplan