高三英语二轮复习 第二板块 题型三 阅读理解 主旨大意题专练（二）-人教版高三英语试题

阅读理解主旨大意题专练(二)(题干加黑的为主旨大意题)A(2016·厦门市高中毕业班质量检查)Thesedays,youngpeopleinsomeEnglish­speakingcountriesarespeakingastrangelanguage,especiallywhencommunicatingonsocialmedia.LookatthesewordschosenbyTheWashingtonPost：“DavidBowiedyingistotestradge”and“WhenCookiehuggedJamalitmademetotesemosh.”Orthissentence：“BAE,letmeknowifyoustayintonight.”Whatonearthdotheymean?Well,“totes”isashortformof“totally”.Similarly,“tradge”means“tragic”and“emosh”means“emotional”.Itseemsthat,formillennials(千禧一代),typinginthisformisnotonlytime­savingbutfashionable.Asyoucansee,manymillennialslangs(俚语)areformedbyso­called“totesing”—thesystematicabbreviation(缩写)ofwords.Thetrendmighthavestartedwith“totally”becoming“totes”，butitnowhasspreadtomanyotherEnglishwords.Theoriginsofothermillennialslangsaremorecomplexthan“totesing”.“Bae”，forexample,hasbeenwidelyusedbyAfrican­Americansforyears.Itcanbeanexpressionofclosenesswithone'sromanticpartneror,like“sweetheart”，forsomeonewithoutromanticconnection.AfterpopsingerPharrellusedthewordinhiswork,“bae”becamemainstream.SomepeoplemightthinkmillennialslangslowerthevalueoftheEnglishlanguage,butMelbourneUniversitylinguist(语言学家)RoseyBillingtondoesn'tagree.Shesayswhenpeopleareabletousealanguageinacreativeway,theyshowthattheyknowthelanguageruleswellenoughtousewordsdifferently.Twootherlinguists,LaurenSpradlinandTaylorJones,sharethesameview.Thetwoanalysedhundredsofexamplesoftotes­speakanddiscoveredtotesinghascomplexroots.Itisn'tsimplyanadultversionofbabytalk,noracleverwaytominimizeyourwordcount.Rather,itisahighlyorganizedsystemthatreliesonaspeaker'smasteryofEnglishpronunciation.Itisaboutsounds,followssoundsystemofEnglishandhasstrictrules.1．Whydoyoungpeoplelikeusinge­slangs?A．Theyaretime­consuming.B．Theyareinfashion.C．Theyarecomplex.D．Theyareinorder.2．What'stheauthor'spurposeofmentioning“Bae”inParagraph5?A．Tosupportthattotesingisnobabytalk.B．Toanalysetheusageofmillennialslangs.C．Toinformpeoplehowitbecamemainstream.D．Toexplainthecomplexoriginsofmillennialslangs.3．WhichstatementmayRoseyBillingtonagreewith?A．Totesingisalooselyorganizedsystem.B．MillennialslangslowerthevalueofEnglish.C．It'ssimplyacleverwaytoreducethewordcount.D．Totes­speakrequiresagoodcommandofEnglish.4．What'sthebesttitleofthepassage?A．E­slangsCatchonAmongYouthB．LinguistsDisapproveofTotesingC．MillennialSlangsTaketheLeadD．EnglishHasGreatlyChangedB(2016·湖南省六校高三联考)“Bynaturemenarenearlyalike,bypracticabilitytheygettobewideapart”(Confucius).Menarebynaturealikebecause,atthemostbasiclevel,humanbehaviorismotivatedbyadesiretosatisfycertainneeds:physiologicalneeds,securityneeds,love,self­esteemandself­actualization,etc.Menaresocialanimals,andtheylivetogetheringroupstosatisfytheirdesires,formingcertaintypesofbehaviors.Ourlifeprocesscanberegardedasaculturalized(受文化熏陶)processtoadjustourselvestoenvironment.Menareculturedanimals.Differentcultureshavedevelopeddifferentwaysofsatisfyingtheseneeds—differentpatternsoflife.Itisthedifferentwaysthatfrequentlypuzzleandsometimesalienate(离间)peoplewhoarelookinginfromtheoutside.Thatistheculturaldiversity.Nocultureiswhollyisolated,self­containedandunique.Thereareimportantresemblancesthatoriginateinpartfromdiffusion(thespreadofsocialinstitutionsfromonesocietytoanother)andinpartfromthefactthatallculturesarebuiltaroundbiological,psychologicalandsocialcharacteristicscommontoallmankind.Lyonsreferstosuchcommonbiologicalandculturalfeaturesasbiologicalandculturaluniversals.Thatiswhythereisagreaterorlessdegreeofculturaloverlap(重叠)betweenanytwosocietiesandwhypeoplefromdifferentcultureshavethepossibilitytocommunicatewitheachother.Culturalsimilaritiesanddifferencesarecentraltothestudyofcommunicationbetweenmembersofdifferentculturalgroupsbecausetheyaffectallinterculturalandcross­culturalcommunication.Ithasbeenclearthatlanguageisapartofcultureandinfluencedbyculture.Iflanguagesareshapedinpartbytheideasprocessingcapacitiesandsocialfactorsallpeoplehaveincommon,theyshouldhavecertainfeatureincommon—linguisticuniversals.Buttotheextentthatlanguageisshapedbyaccidentalpropertiesofthought,technologyandculture,featureswillalsodifferfromlanguagetolanguage.Forexample,theancientslackeddissection(解剖)andmedicineknowledgeandmistook“heart”asthecontrolcenterofhumanthoughtsandemotions,whichisunavoidablyreflectedinlanguages,suchasinChineseandEnglish:伤心欲绝—heartbreaking,铭记在心—tolearnbyheart,andsoon.OthersharedexpressionsinbothChineseandEnglishlike:Wallshaveears.隔墙有耳；Spendmoneylikewater.花钱如流水；Castleintheair.空中楼阁，etc.5.Fromthefirstparagraphwecansee________.A．differentwaysofsatisfyingneedsalwaysholdtogetherpeoplefromvariousculturesB．fromtheverybeginningpeoplearefundamentallydifferentfromeachotherC．behindhumanbehavioristhedesiretosatisfycertainneedsD．peoplelivetogethertogetenoughabilitytomaketheenvironmentadapttotheirneeds6．________leadtoculturaldiversityaccordingtothewriter.A．People'ssocialneedsB．People'sphysiologicalneedsC．People'swaysofsatisfyingneedsD．People'sdesirestosatisfyneeds7．Whycanpeoplefromdifferentculturescommunicatewitheachother?A．Interpretersputgreateffortintothrowingoffisolation.B．Biologicalandculturaluniversalscontributetothepossibility.C．Socialinstitutionsspreadfromonesocietytoanotherquickly.D．Biologistsandpsychologistsovercometheobstaclestopeople'scommunication.8．Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．CulturalUniversalsandCulturalDiversitiesB．BiologicalandPsychologicalInfluenceonCommunicationC．UniversalNeedsandWell­beingD．CultureandLanguageC(2016·安徽省六校高三学生素质测试)JeromeKernisoftencalledthefatherofAmericanmusicaltheater.Kernisrememberedforthehundredsofsongshewroteformusicalplaysandmovies.Toagreatextent,heledthedevelopmentofthefirsttrulyAmericantheatermusic.JeromeKernbeganhiscareerasasongwriterintheatersinLondonandNewYorkCity.Successcamequickly.Bytheearly1920s,KernwasasuccessfulyoungcomposerforBroadwaymusicalcomedies.Heworkedwitheachsonguntilhewassatisfiedthatthemusicwasperfect.AmericanmusicalplaysatthattimewerestillusuallycopiedfromEuropeanones.Kernwantedtotrysomethingcompletelynew.Hethoughtamusicalplayshouldbearealworkofart,notjustacollectionofsongsanddances.Hethoughtsongsshouldhelpmovetheactionoftheplayalong,byshowingaperson'sfeelings.KernwantedtodoatrulyAmericanmusical,withrealAmericancharactersandrealsituations.In1927,hefoundthestoryhewanted.ItwasthebookShowBoatbyAmericanwriterEdnaFerber.ShowBoattakesplaceinthe1880sonapassengersteamboatthattravelsalongtheMississippiRiver.Theboatiscalledashowboatbecausesingersanddancersentertainthepassengers.Thecaptainoftheshowboathasadaughterwhoisasingerontheboat.Shefallsinlovewithamanwhoearnshismoneybygamblingwithcards.Thestorydealtwithsomeunusuallyseriousissuesforamusical.ItshowedthehardlivesofAfrican­AmericansintheSouth.Anditshowedmarriagebetweenpeopleofdifferentraces,whichwasagainstthelawatthattime.Althoughseriousinplaces,ShowBoatwasnotatragedy.Thepublicandcriticslovedit.ShowBoatbecamethegreatestworkofAmericanmusicaltheater.MusiccriticssaidKern'seffectonmusicaltheaterwasrevolutionary.ItwasKern'smusicthatmadetheshowagreatsuccess,whichhasbeenperformedthousandsoftimesallovertheworld.9．Thepassageaboveislikelytoappearina________.A．posterB．radioprogramC．noticeD．newsreport10．Accordingtothepassage,JeromeKerncanbedescribedasbeing________.A．adventurousandsympatheticB．braveandkindC．productiveandcreativeD．hardworkinganddetermined11．ThestoryofShowBoatis________.A．seriousB．light­heartedC．ridiculousD．tragic12．Thepurposeofthepassageisto________.A．introduceJeromeKern'slifeandhiscareerB．explainhowJeromeKern'strulyAmericanmusicalplayswerecreatedC．tellustheunusualstoryofShowBoatD．showthedifferencesbetweenAmericanmusicalplaysandEuropeanones主旨大意题专练(二)A语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。现在一些说英语的国家的年轻人喜欢用缩略词，尤其是在社交媒体上。有些语言学家认为，年轻人对缩略词的使用不但没有降低英语的价值，反而表明他们熟练掌握了英语。1．选B细节理解题。根据第三段“Itseemsthat,formillennials(千禧一代),typinginthisformisnotonlytime­savingbutfashionable.”可知，他们认为这是一种时尚。故选B。2．选D推理判断题。根据第五段“Theoriginsofothermillennialslangsaremorecomplexthan‘totesing’”可知，作者主要是用它来解释千禧一代所使用的一些俚语的复杂起源。故选D。3．选D推理判断题。根据第六段“Shesayswhenpeople...wordsdifferently.”可知，她同意“网络缩略词要求对英语(的运用规则)能熟练掌握”的说法。故选D。4．选A标题归纳题。纵观全文可知