大学进阶英语综合教程-Unit-2-中国转型China-in-Transition

ChinainTransition2Uponcompletionofthisunit,youareexpectedto:haveathoroughunderstandingofthetextcontextuallyandlinguistically;expandyourvocabularyabouturbanization/urbanmigrationandknowhowtousethekeywordsandexpressionsincontextproperly; haveaclearideaofhowurbanizationandurbandevelopmenthasbroughtaboutchangesinChinesecities,whaturbanizationmeanstovillagesacrossthecountryandwhatimpactitwillhaveonthepopulation; takepartinadiscussiononurbanizationinChina;writeadescriptiveessay.■■■■■UnitGoalsContentsPartOneWarmingUpPartTwoGeneralandCloseReadingTextStructureFocusingonLanguageinContextThemeExploration*PartThreeIntegratedSkillsPracticingWritingTranslationFocusingongrammarinContext

InChina,theprocessofrapidurbanizationandindustrializationhasresultedinmassiverural-to-urbanmigrationoverthelastthreedecades.AccordingtotheChinesegovernmentstatistics,in2020,almostoneoutofeveryfiveChinese—290millionpeople—wererural-to-urbanmigrantworkers.Inthisunit,weexplorewhatgigantictransformationhasmeantforthelivesofthoselivinginthecitiesandthoseremaininginthecountryside.UrbanizationinChinahasbeentakingplaceatanincrediblepace,transforminglandscapesandwaysoflifebeyondallrecognition.Whatproblemscomealongwithurbanization?Whatmeasuresshouldbetakentoaddresstheseproblems?Beforewatchingavideoclipfromadocumentaryreadthesequestionsandanswerthemafterclip..1.Whatdotheforeignvisitorsthinkofthishutong?2.Whatdotheforeignvisitorsthinkofthishutong?.TEXTInrecentyearsmanyofBeijing’sworld-famoushutongdistrictshavebeentorndowntomakewayforurbanredevelopment.Formerresidentscanlookforwardtoenjoyingimprovedfacilitiesinmoremodernaccommodation,butfacethelossofacommunityspiritthatisdifficulttoreproduce.PeterHessler:anauthorisaforeigncorrespondentforTheNewYorker

magazine.

HutongKarmaKarma

Karmareferstothespiritualprincipleofcauseandeffectwhereintentandactionsofanindividual(cause)influencethefutureofthatindividual(effect).

因果报应指的是事物的起因和结果，即种什么因，结什么果，是行善积德与行凶作恶的因果循环规律。Whatdoesthearticletalkabout?Fromtheperspective(角度)ofaforeignerlivinginthecity,author'sfocusisfirmlyfixedondescribingthelivesofthoselivinginthehutong.

GistforArticle

Thetablebelowsummarizestheevents/peopleandthespecificdetails.Completethetableandthencomparenoteswithyourpartner.1TextOrganizationParagraphsEvents/PeopleSpecificdetails1introduction:thelocationandtheoriginofLittleJu’erHutongAmilenorthoftheForbiddenCity,itbeginsinthewest,passesthroughthreeturns,exitstothesouth.ItwasnamedLittleJu’er,becauseitconnectswiththelargerstreetknownasJu’erHutong.2thecharacteristicsofhutongItiscomprisedofsingle-storyhomesofbrick,wood,andtilewithasharedentranceandpublictoilets,muchofitsneighborhoodbeingcommunal.3-4outdoorexercisestationsandtheirroleincommunitylifeAtthesestationspeoplecanspin

giantwheels,pushleversandswing

onpendulums.Inaddition,theyofferaperfectchanceforsocializing.ParagraphsEvents/PeopleSpecificdetails5thepublictoiletItwasrebuiltwithrunningwater,infrared-automatedflush,andsignsinthreelanguagesandfreetoiletpaper.6-7theW.C.ClubWithcouches,chessboard,foldingchairs,andwoodencabinetstockedwithbeerglasses,ithostedweekendbarbecues.OnceitacquiredatelevisionforresidentstowatchthenationalteamplayintheWorldCup.ParagraphsEvents/PeopleSpecificdetails8-11Mr.WangAsasmallshopowner,hewasveryactiveincommunitylife.HesetuptheW.C.Club.Whenbarbecueswereheldonweekendnights,hesuppliedcigarettes,beer,etc.,alwayscontributingmorethanhisshare,andhewasalwaysthelasttoleave.ThuspeoplecalledhimGoodOldWang.HavinglivedthereformanydecadeshewasalsothewitnessofsomanychangesthathappenedinLittleJu’er.ParagraphsEvents/PeopleSpecificdetails12theessenceofthehutongTheessenceofthehutonghadmoretodowithspiritthanstructure.ItwasthewaythatpeoplelikeMr.Wanginteractedwiththeirenvironment.13-16hutongkarmaThehutonghasgonethroughcountlessincarnations:Manchus,Nationalists,Yugoslavians,etc.overthepastcenturies.1

Forthepastfiveyears,I’velivedaboutamilenorthoftheForbiddenCityinanapartmentbuildingoffatinyalleywayindowntownBeijing.Myalleyhasnoofficialname,anditbeginsinthewest,passesthroughthreeninety-degreeturns,andexitstothesouth.LocalscallmyalleyLittleJu’er,becauseitconnectswiththelargerstreetknownasJu’erHutong.passthroughThebodyisunabletotakeinmoreproteinthannecessary.Anyextrawilljustpassthrough.身体无法摄取过多的蛋白质，多余的就排出了。Ipassedthroughanicegardenonmywaytothemuseum.去博物馆时我穿过一个漂亮的花园。makeapassageorjourneyfromoneplacetoanother经过；穿过胡同因缘彼得·海勒斯过去五年间，我一直住在北京紫禁城北面大约一英里处一条小巷附近的公寓楼里。这条巷子没有正式名称，从西边开始，拐三个直角到南边就到头了。当地人管这条巷子叫小菊儿，因为它跟一条叫做菊儿胡同的大一点的巷子相通。

（Para.1）2

Iliveinamodernthree-storybuilding,butit’ssurroundedbythesingle-storyhomesofbrick,wood,andtilethatarecharacteristicofhutong.Thesestructuresstandbehindwallsofgraybrick,andoftenavisitortooldBeijingisimpressedbythesenseofdivision:wallafterwall,graybrickupongraybrick.Butactuallyahutong

neighborhoodismostdistinguishedbyconnectionsandmovement.Dozensofhouseholdsmightshareasingleentrance,andalthoughtheoldresidenceshaverunningwater,fewpeoplehaveprivatebathrooms,sopublictoiletsplayamajorroleinlocallife.Inahutong,muchiscommunal,includingthealleyitself.Eveninwinter,residentsbundleupandsitintheroad,chattingwiththeirneighbors.Streetvendorspassthroughregularly,becausethehutongaretoosmallforsupermarkets.becharacteristicofHisexceptionalheightappearedtobecharacteristicofthefamily.他不同寻常的身高显然是家庭特征。betypicalordistinctiveof是……特有的Thatproblemwasfairlycharacteristicoflateeighteenthcenturysociety.那是18世纪后期社会上比较典型的一个问题。neighborhoodThefireledtorumorsaboutitscauseintheneighborhood.大火引发了街坊邻里对起火原因的种种谣传。n.asurroundingornearbyregion街坊，社区

neighborvt.

distinguishShewasdistinguishedfromtheotherapplicantsbyhercommunicationskills.她的沟通能力使她从其他申请人中脱颖而出。beadistinctivefeatureof是……的特征，使……有别于Thereissomethingaboutmusicthatdistinguishesitfromallotherartforms.音乐的某种特质使其有别于所有其他艺术形式。playa(major/leading/significant)roleinLanguageskillsplayarole

inthejobmarket.语言技能在就业市场中有其作用。haveaparticularpositionandfunctionin在……中起作用Butyou'reright,thatcanplayaroleinconclusion.但是你是对的，它能做结论。bundleupThechildrenbundledupagainstthecold.天冷，孩子们都穿得暖暖的。dresswarmly

穿得暖和Francisbundledupherclothesagainintotheirsmallsack.弗朗西斯再次把她的衣服塞进他们的小袋子。我住的是一栋现代化的三层楼房，但周围全都是典型的砖瓦木结构的胡同平房。这些房屋坐落在灰色砖墙之后，这种分隔之感往往令去北京老城区的访客印象深刻：清一色的灰砖，一道又一道的墙。其实邻居相互之间的联系和交往才是胡同邻里的特点。往往几十来户人家进出一个大门，老宅院虽有自来水，但很少有人家有独立的卫生间，于是对街坊而言，公共厕所就非常重要。胡同里啥都是公用的，包括巷子本身。即便在冬天，街坊居民都会裹得严严实实坐在路边和邻居聊天。小贩是常来常往，因为胡同太窄，没地儿开超市。

（Para.2）3

NotlongafterImovedintoLittleJu’er,Beijingsteppedupitscampaigntohostthe2008Games,andtracesofOlympicglorybegantotouchthehutong.InordertoboosttheathleticismandhealthofaverageBeijingresidents,thegovernmentconstructedhundredsofoutdoorexercisestations.Attheexercisestations,peoplecanspingiantwheelswiththeirhands,pushbigleversthatoffernoresistance,andswingonpendulumslikechildrenatapark.InthegreaterBeijingregion,thestationsareeverywhere,evenintinyfarmingvillagesbytheGreatWall.stepupputmoreeffortinto,increase

加强，增强Themeetingendedwithapledgetostepupcooperationbetweenthesixstatesoftheregion.会议以承诺加强这一地区六国间的合作而结束。campaignn.aplannedsetofactivitiesinordertoachievesth.运动Thereisacampaigntoreduceharmfulvehicleemissions.有一个减少车辆有害气体排放的运动。hostThelocalartists’associationwillhostanartexhibitionnextmonth.下个月当地艺术家协会将主办一个艺术展。vt.bethehostoforfor做……的东道主，主办Barcelonawaschosentohostthe1992Olympicgames.巴塞罗那获选为1992年奥运会的主办城市。traceThepolicewasnotabletofindanytraceoftherobbers.警方找不到劫匪的影踪。Hespokewithatraceofsarcasm.他语含讥诮。n.averysmallamount;afootprintorotherindicationofthepassageofananimalorperson少许，微量；痕迹…thehutongbenefitedfromthecampaigntohostthe2008Games.小菊儿胡同也就沾上了一点儿奥运的光辉。…tracesofOlympicglorybegantotouchthehutong.(Para.3)boostThegovernmentencouragesinvestmenttoboost

localbusiness.政府鼓励投资以促进当地商业活动。Strongdemandbooststhepriceofgold.强劲的需求推动了黄金价格上涨。vt.causetoincrease,improve,orbemoresuccessful促进；推动P48inorderto的用法：inorderto意为“为了……”，表示目的；在用法和意义上相当于soasto结构，但是inorderto结构可以用于句首、句中，而soasto多用于句中。其否定式分别为：inordernotto和soasnotto。inorderto和soasto在句中表示目的时，常可以转化成inorderthat或sothat引导的目的状语从句。e.g.Weshouldworkhardinorderto/soastopasstheexam.Weshouldworkhardinorderthat/sothatwecanpasstheexam.为了能通过考试，我们应该努力学习。

spinCanyouspinapencilonyourfinger?你会在手指上转铅笔吗？vt.(causeto)turnroundandroundrapidly（使）旋转Justspinthewashingandit'snearlydry.只需要将洗好的衣物脱水，它就差不多干了。swingThependulumofthegrandfatherclockinthehallkeptswingingfromsidetoside.大厅里落地大座钟的钟摆不停地摆来摆去。vi.movetoandfrowhilehanging摇荡；轻快地摇摆Thesailofthelittleboatswungcrazilyfromonesidetotheother.小船的帆猛烈地左右摇摆着。

我搬来小菊儿没多久，北京就开始大力申办2008年奥运会，小菊儿胡同也就沾上了一点儿奥运的光辉。为了提高北京普通市民的体育精神，增强体质，政府兴建了好几百个户外健身站。在那里，人们可以用手旋转巨轮，推不带阻力的大杠杆，还可以像儿童在公园那样在一个摇摆器上荡来荡去。这样的户外健身站遍布大北京地区，连长城脚下的农家小村落里都能见到。

（Para.3）4

Butnobodyappreciatestheexercisestationsmorethanhutongresidents.Themachinesarescatteredthroughoutoldpartsofthecity,tuckedintonarrowalleyways.Atdawnanddusk,theyareespeciallybusy—olderpeoplemeetingroupstochatandtakeafewroundsonthependulum.Onwarmevenings,mensitidlyonthemachinesandsmokecigarettes.Theworkoutstationsareperfectfortheultimatehutongsport:hangingaroundinthestreetwiththeneighbors.scatterTheoldmanleftawillthat,uponhisdeath,hisashesshouldbescatteredontheocean.老人留下遗嘱，去世后骨灰撒入大海。vt.spreadout分散；散布Shetoretheroseapartandscatteredthepetalsoverthegrave.她掰开玫瑰花，将花瓣撒在坟墓上。tuckThemothertuckedtheboyinbed.母亲把孩子放上床，掖好被子。vt.fitsnuglyinto;insert塞进，挤进Hetriedtotuckhisflappingshirtinsidehistrousers.他设法把飘起的衬衫塞到裤子里。hangaroundWhydoestheboyneverhangaroundwithkidsofhisage?这男孩怎么从不跟同龄孩子一起玩？spendtimesomewheredoingnothing闲荡；厮混It'salegacywhichwillhangaroundthecountry'sneckforsometimetocome.这项遗留问题在未来的一段时间内仍将困扰这个国家。最欣赏健身站的要数胡同里的居民了。建在老城区狭窄小巷里的运动器材到处可见。清晨和黄昏是用得最多的时段——那些上了年纪的三五成群，侃几句，然后再在摇摆器上荡几下。晚上要是天暖和，那些爷们懒洋洋地坐在器材上抽烟。与街坊邻居聚在一块儿，悠闲地消磨时光，是最受欢迎的胡同娱乐，健身站为此提供了最佳场所。（Para.4）5Attheendof2000,aspartofthecitywidepre-Olympiccampaigntoimprovesanitationfacilities,thegovernmentrebuiltthepublictoiletattheheadofJu’erHutong.Thebuildinghadrunningwater,infrared-automatedflushtoilets,andsignsinChinese,English,andBraille.Userswereentitledtofreetoiletpaper.Grayrooftoptilesrecalledtraditionalhutong

architecture.Indeed,thechangewasdramatic.Braille

Braille/breIl/:

awritingsystemusedbypeoplewhoare

blindorvisuallyimpaired.

布莱叶盲文是专为盲人设计的文字，通过纸张上不同组合的凸点组成，由法国人路易·布莱叶发明。attheheadofAgroupofrailwayworkerswereattheheadoftheprocession.走在队列前的是一群铁路工人。inthefrontof在……的前面Hemarchedintothecityattheheadofalargeforce.他率领大部队进城。beentitledtoEveryoneisentitledtotheiropinion.每一个人都有权表达自己的观点。havetherightto有权，有资格Every

worker

will

be

entitled

to

four

weeks’paid

holidaya

year.

每位工人每年都能享受四周的带薪休假。recallIcan’trecallwhatmymomwantedmetobuyforher.我想不起来我妈要我买什么了。vt.calltomind使想起Hehadagoodmemoryandcouldrecallherspokenwords.他记忆力很好，她当时说的话他全都记得起来。dramaticThenewpolicyhasresultedinadramaticincreaseinproductivity.新政策带来了生产力的急剧增长。a.excitingandimpressive激动人心的；引人注目的Afifthyearofdroughtisexpectedtohavedramatic

effectsontheCaliforniaeconomy.第五年旱灾预计会对加利福尼亚的经济产生巨大影响。

2000年底，作为全市迎奥运、改善卫生设施的一项举措，政府翻修了菊儿胡同口的公共厕所。公厕里有自来水、红外感应自动冲水马桶，还有中文、英文、盲文三种文字标识，还提供免费厕纸。屋顶的灰瓦使人想起传统的胡同建筑。那可真叫改天换地啊。

（Para.5）6

Meanwhile,Ju’erresidentstookfulladvantageofthewell-keptpublicspacethatfrontedthenewtoilet.OldYang,thelocalbicyclerepairman,storedhistoolsandextrabikesthere,andinthefallcabbagevendorssleptonthestripofgrassthatborderedthebathroom.WangZhaoxin,whoranthecigaretteshopnextdoor,arrangedsomeripped-upcouchesaroundthetoiletentrance.Someoneelsecontributedachessboard.Foldingchairsappeared,alongwithawoodencabinetstockedwithbeerglasses.takeadvantageofAwisepersonknowshowtotakeadvantageofsmartpeoplearoundhim.智者懂得如何获益于身边的聪明人。makeuseof利用IndustrialistsmustmovefasttotakeadvantageofnewopportunitiesinEasternEurope.实业家们必须尽快采取行动，抓住东欧的新机遇。borderThenewairportbordersthecityonthenorth.新机场在北边，毗邻该城。vt.benextto和……毗邻；与……接壤Ourgardenborderstherailway.我们的花园毗连铁路。contributeShecontributesgenerouslytocharity.她慷慨行善。vi.give(money,support,etc.)foracommonpurpose捐献；捐助Thethreesonsalsocontributetothefamilybusiness.这三个儿子也为家族事业做出贡献。alongwithThechairmanwenttotheconferencealongwithhissecretary.主席和秘书一起参加会议。Iatesomechocolatealongwithsomefruit.我吃了巧克力，还有水果。inadditionto;togetherwithsb.orsth.除……以外，还有；一起，陪伴stockTheresidentshadstockeddrinkingwaterandfoodagainstthestorm.暴雨将临，居民们储存起饮用水和食品。vt.储备；贮存Theshopstockseverythingfromcigarettestorecycledloopaper.商店货品齐全，从香烟到再生厕纸应有尽有。

与此同时，菊儿胡同的街坊充分利用起公厕前维护良好的公共空间。当地修自行车的老杨（音）把工具和多余的车堆了过去，到了秋天，卖白菜的小贩就睡在厕所旁的草地上。隔壁烟杂店的王照欣（音）在厕所入口处摆了几个破沙发。有人拿来了棋盘，折叠椅跟着就出现了，还有个放着啤酒杯的木柜。

（Para.6）7

Afterawhile,therewassomuchfurniture,andsomanypeoplethereeverynight,thatWangZhaoxindeclaredtheformationofthe“W.C.Julebu”:theW.C.Club.Membershipwasopentoall,althoughthereweredisputesaboutwhoshouldbechairman.Asaforeigner,Ijoinedinthefun.Onweekendnights,theclubhostedbarbecuesinfrontofthetoilet.WangZhaoxinsuppliedcigarettes,beer,andgrainalcohol,andMr.Cao,adriverfortheXinhuanewsservice,discussedwhatwashappeninginthepapers.Thecoal-firedgrillwasattendedtobyahandicappedmannamedChu.Becauseofhisdisability,Chuwaslicensedtodriveasmallmotorizedcart,whichmadeiteasyforhimtotransportskewersofmuttonthroughthehutong.Inthesummerof2002,whentheChinesemen’ssoccerteammadehistorybyplayinginitsfirstWorldCup,theW.C.Clubacquiredatelevision,pluggeditintothebathroom,andmercilesslymockedthenationalteamasitfailedtoscoreasinglegoalthroughoutthetournament.

beopentoThisscholarshipisopentoallcurrentstudentsattheDepartmentofPublicHealth.该奖学金面向公共卫生系全体学生。Oneshouldalwaysbeopentonewideasandopportunities.一个人应该始终对新观念和新机遇持开放态度。对……开放的disputeThecompanylostapaydisputewithanemployee.该公司在一起员工薪酬争议中落败。n.argumentordisagreement辩论，争论Thecommissionisindisputewiththegovernment.委员会与政府持不同意见。attendtoIneedababy-sittertoattendtomybabytomorrowevening.明天晚上我需要找人照看我的孩子。takecareof;lookafter照料，照顾Thestaffwillhelpfullyattendtoyourneeds.工作人员会帮忙满足您的需求。makehistoryTheprimeministerwasanxioustomakehistory.首相一心想要创造历史。dosth.veryimportant,esp.tobethefirsttodosth.创造历史WewillmakehistoryandtherewillbenomorecoupsinThailand.我们将创造历史，泰国将不再发生政变。acquireIt’samazingthatchildrenacquirelanguagesofast.孩子学语言那么快，真不可思议。Ihopetoacquirevaluableworksofartascheaplyaspossible.我希望尽可能便宜地获得有价值的艺术品。vt.obtain;achievenativeornative-likecommandof获得，得到；习得；学会

没多久，那里就有了好多家具，每天晚上又有好多人，于是王照欣宣布成立“厕所俱乐部”。人人都可加入，不过谁当主席引起了一番争执。身为老外，我也乐于参与其中。每到周末晚上，俱乐部欢迎大家到厕所前烧烤。王照欣提供香烟、啤酒和粮食酒，新华社开车的曹先生（音）和大家侃侃报上说的那些事儿。看管碳烧烤架的是个残疾人，姓储（音）。因为是残疾人，他有执照开一辆小型机动车，这使他搬运羊肉串穿过胡同比较方便。2002年夏天，中国男足破天荒踢进世界杯，厕所俱乐部弄了台电视机，把它插进厕所的电插座；国足在世界杯上一个球也没进，大伙儿毫不留情地一起开涮。

（Para.7）8

WangZhaoxinmodestlyrefusedthetitleofChairmanalthoughhewastheobviouschoice,becausenobodyelsehadseensomanychangesintheneighborhood.Wang’sparentshadmovedtoJu’erHutongin1951.Backthen,Beijing’searly-fifteenth-centurylayoutwasstillintact,anditwasuniqueamongmajorworldcapitals:anancientcityvirtuallyuntouchedbymodernityorwar.obviousThechallengefromthejournalistwasanobvious

embarrassmenttotheofficial.显而易见，记者的质问令官员无比尴尬。a.easytoseeorunderstand明显的；显然的Therearesomeveryobviousphrasesthatweallknoworcertainlyshouldknowbetterthantouse.我们都知道或是肯定应该知道，有些说法已毫无新意，最好避免使用。intactThecargowasleftintactinspiteoftheaccident.事故中货物没有受到损坏。a.undamaged;complete原封不动的；完好无损的Ifthefamilyunitisstillintact,thepatientfrequentlydoesverywell.如果家庭仍然完整，病人常常恢复得很好。

王照欣谦虚地谢绝主席这个头衔，虽然他明显是最合适的人选，因为对这个社区的种种变化，他见的比谁都多。1951年王照欣的父母搬进菊儿胡同。那时的北京城仍完好地保留着15世纪初的格局，在世界大都城中，这是独一无二的：一座几乎没有受到现代化或战争破坏的古城。（Para.8）9

Duringthe1990sandearly2000s,astheWangshawkedcigarettesinJu’erHutong,developerssoldmostofoldBeijing.Fewsectionsofthecitywereprotected.Wheneverahutongwasdoomed,itsbuildingsweremarkedwithahugepaintedcharactersurroundedbyacircle:拆“pulldown,dismantle.”doomHeroesinGreektragediessetoutontheirjourneysdespiteknowingtheyweredoomed.古希腊悲剧中的英雄即便知道前途凶险也毅然上路。Withthewindblowingharderandharder,wegaveupourdoomedattemptstoraiseatent.风越来越大，我们怎么也搭不起帐篷，只好放弃。vt.make(sth./sb.)certaintofailordie使注定失败或死亡；使在劫难逃

从20世纪90年代到21世纪初，也就是王家人在菊儿胡同兜售香烟那阵子，开发商把老北京差不多都卖了。几乎就没什么留下的。哪个胡同劫数到了，胡同的房屋上就会写上一个大字“拆”（拆就是拆除的意思），外面再划上一个圈。（Para.9）10

LikemanyBeijingpeopleIknew,WangZhaoxinwaspractical,good-humored,andunsentimental.Hisgenerositywaswellknown—localshadnicknamedhimWangLaoshan,GoodOldWang.HealwayscontributedmorethanhissharetoaW.C.Clubbarbecue,andhewasalwaysthelasttoleave.Heusedtosaythatitwasonlyamatteroftimebeforemorebuildingsinourneighborhoodwerepulleddown,butheneverdwelledonthefuture.

dwellonAgreatplayerdwellsonwhathe/shedoeswell.会玩的人会思考自己优势在哪里。I’drathernotdwellonthepast.过去的事我不愿多想。thinkortalkalotorforquitealongtime细想；详述

像我所认识的不少北京人一样，王照欣讲究实际、脾气好、不感情用事。他的大方是出了名的——街坊邻里都叫他王老善——好心的老王。每次厕所俱乐部烧烤他出的份比别人多，而且总是最后一个走。他常说街坊里更多的房子早晚也得拆，不过他从来不多想未来的事。

（Para.10）11

Foryears,GoodOldWanghadpredicteddemolition,andinSeptemberof2005,whenhisapartmentbuildingwasfinallytorndown,hemovedoutwithoutcomplaint.Hehadalreadysoldthecigaretteshop,becausethemarginshadfallentoolow.Andnowtherewasnodoubtwhohadbeenthetruechairman,becausetheW.C.Clubdiedassoonasheleftthehutong.moveoutUrbansprawlisaresultofpeoplemovingoutfurtherandfurtherawayfromdowntown.城镇扩张源于人们从市中心越搬越远。

迁出；搬走TheyhadahugerowandSallymovedoutofthehouse.他们大吵一架之后萨莉搬了出来。12

Theessenceofthehutonghadmoretodowithspiritthanstructure:itwasn’tthebrickandtilesandwoodthatmattered;itwasthewaythatpeopleinteractedwiththeirenvironment.Andthisenvironmenthadalwaysbeenchanging,whichcreatedresidentslikeGoodOldWang,whowaspragmatic,resourceful,andflexible.Therewasnoreasonforsuchpeopletofeelthreatenedbytheinitialincursionsofmodernity—ifanything,

suchelementstendedtodrawoutthehutongspirit,becauseresidentsimmediatelyfoundcreativewaystoincorporateaMcDonald’soranOlympictoiletintotheirroutines.essenceCarefulplanningisoftheessenceinaprojectofthistype.此类项目的关键在于计划周密。n.themostvitalpart本质，精髓Theessenceofconsultationistolistento,andtakeaccountof,theviewsofclients.咨询的精髓就在于倾听并考虑客户的观点。resourcefulYouwilllearntobecreativeandresourcefulwhennooneisaroundtohelp.没人帮你，你就会发挥创造力，开动脑筋。a.cleveratfindingwaysofdoingthings办法多的，足智多谋的Hewasamazinglyinventiveandresourceful,andplayedamajorroleinmycareer.他极具创造力，而且足智多谋，在我的职业生涯中起了重要的作用。threatenTheybrokemywindowsandthreatenedmewithagun.他们砸了我的窗，用枪威胁我。vt.威胁；恐吓Thenewcomersdirectlythreatenthelivelihoodoftheseniorworkers.新来的工人直接威胁到老工人的饭碗。initialTheinitialreactiontotheprogramhasbeengreat.该项目初期反响相当不错。a.开始的；最初的I'malsonotcrazyabouttheinitialtermsofthedeal.我对该协议的最初条款也不太满意。elementImaginationisanimportantelementindesign.想象力乃设计之要素。n.animportantqualityorfeature要素TheexchangeofprisonersofwarwasoneofthekeyelementsoftheUN'speaceplan.交换战俘是联合国和平计划的一个重要部分。王老善说拆说了好几年，到了2005年9月，终于拆到他的房子了，他二话没说就搬了。他早就卖了烟杂店，因为实在挣不到什么钱。到底谁是头这下可就一清二楚了，他一走，厕所俱乐部就散了。

（Para.11）P48ifanything

1.要说真有什么的话Livingtogetherdidn'tharmourfriendship.Ifanythingitstrengthenedit.在一起住并没有损害我们的友谊。要说真有什么的话，它反而巩固了我们的友谊。2.甚至正相反;（尤用于否定句后，对所说之事进行补充说明）甚至正相反，甚至还不如说。Asthmadrugsarenotaddictiveandyoudon'tneedtokeepincreasingthedose.Ifanything,thereverseistrue.哮喘药物不会造成药物依赖，你不用持续增大剂量。甚至正相反，减小剂量才对。Joeisn'tabadboy.Ifanything,he'saprettygoodone.乔不是一个坏男孩.甚至正相反,他是一个非常好的男孩drawoutTheincidentatthestaffmeetingdrewouttheworstinthestaffmembers.员工会议上发生的事把员工的不堪表露无遗。Sheworeeyeshadowtodrawouthersparklingeyes.她画了眼影，使得两眼更加有神。makesb.orsth.showaqualitytheyhave使彰显，发掘creativeAcreativepersonlikehimwillneverbesatisfied.他这样创意无穷的人永远不会满足。a.havingtheabilityorpowertocreate创造性的，有创意的Hewasoneofthemostcreativeandinnovativeengineersofhisgeneration.他是他那代人当中最富创造性与革新精神的工程师之一。routineWhattypeoftrainingroutinedoyouusetoreducepulserate?你用什么常规锻炼方法降低脉率？n.thepracticeofregularlydoingthingsinafixedorder常规；例行程序Theplayershadtochangetheirdailyroutineandlifestyle.这些运动员不得不改变他们的日常生活习惯和方式。…residentsquicklyadaptedtoanythingnewlikeaMcDonald’sandanewtoiletintheirlifeandmanagedtotakefulladvantageofitincreativeways.…residentsimmediatelyfoundcreativewaystoincorporateaMcDonald’soranOlympictoiletintotheirroutines.(Para.12)街坊居民立马就能想出计策，把麦当劳或奥运厕所融入自己的日常活动之中。Thosewhosuittheiractionstothetimesarewise.识时务者为俊杰。（《三国志》）Thewisemenplanaccordingtothetimes,whilethefoolsmoveagainstthetimes.智者顺时而谋，愚者逆时而动。（汉·朱浮）

胡同的本质在其精神而非建筑：重要的不是砖瓦木头，而是人们与其环境互动的方式。环境一直在变，于是塑就了王老善这样的人，讲究实际，足智多谋，随机应变。这些人没有理由害怕现代化的入侵，真要有什么的话，这些因素往往能激发胡同精神，因为街坊居民立马就能想出计策，把麦当劳或奥运厕所融入自己的日常活动之中。

（Para.12）13

Onerecentweekend,GoodOldWangreturnedforavisit,andwewalkedthroughJu’er.Heshowedmetheplacewherehewasborn.“There’swherewelived,”hesaid,pointingatthemoderncompoundoftheJinJuYuanHotel.“Thatusedtobethetemple.Whenmyparentsmovedin,therewasstillonelamaleft.”14

Wecontinuedeast,pastanoldreddoorthatwassuspendedinthehutong’swall,threefeetabovethestreet.“Thereusedtobeastaircasethere,”heexplained.“WhenIwasachild,thatwasanembassy.”movein/into/toHerparents-in-lawhadmovedinwiththemoneweekbeforeherbabywasborn.孩子出生前一周，她公公婆婆搬来跟他们一起住了。Bettymovedintoacondolastweek.上个星期贝蒂搬进了公寓房。IwastoldJohnhasmovedtoSeattle.他们告诉我约翰搬到西雅图去了。begintolivesomewhere迁入；搬到suspendAcoupleoffamilyphotosweresuspendedonthewall.墙上挂着几幅家庭照片。vt.hang挂；悬Theyhaveamobileofbirdsornurseryrhymecharacterswhichcouldbesuspendedoverthecot.他们有能悬挂在摇篮上方、由小鸟或童谣故事人物组成的风动玩具。laylowTheyoungboxerfinallylaidhisopponentlow.年轻的拳击手最终打败了对手。make(sb.)falldown打倒，击败Icanlayyouloweasily.我能轻松打败你。Thatwashutongkarma—sitespassedthroughcountlessincarnations,andalwaysthemightywerelaidlow.(Para.16)Thatwashutongeffect—sitesexperiencednumeroustransitions,andagainandagainthepowerfulwereknockeddown.这就是胡同因缘——这地方历经无数次轮回，而被推翻的总是位高权重者。

最近一个周末，王老善回来看了一次，我俩一起在菊儿胡同走了一走。他指给我看他出生的地方。“我家以前就住那儿，”他指着金菊园宾馆时髦的院子说。“那儿从前是个庙。我爸妈搬来那会儿庙里还有个喇嘛呢。”

（Para.13）

我们一路往东，走过一扇旧的朱漆门，它悬着嵌在胡同的墙上，离街面有三英尺高。“那儿过去有台阶，”他解释说。“在我小时候，那儿是个大使馆。”

（Para.14）

在19世纪，那个院子是一个清代亲王府；20世纪40年代蒋介石用它做北平的公馆。60年代它做了南斯拉夫大使馆。满族人、国民党也好，南斯拉夫人也罢，俱往矣。如今院子被命名友谊宾馆，也算是恰如其分。

（Para.15）

这就是胡同因缘——这地方历经无数次轮回，而被推翻的总是位高权重者。

（Para.16）neighborhooddistinguishcampaignhosttraceboostspinswingscattertuckdramaticrecallbordercontributestockdisputeacquireobviousintactdoomessenceresourcefulthreateninitialelementcreativeroutinesuspendpassthroughbecharacteristicofplayaroleinbundleupstepuphangaroundatthehead