2024届上海市普陀区高三下学期二模英语试题

PAGE1普陀区2023学年第二学期高三英语质量调研英语试卷考生注意：考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。本次考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上,在答题纸反面清楚地填写姓名。I.ListeningComprehensionSectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.A.Colleagues. B.Motherandson.C.Employerandemployee. D.Husbandandwife.2.A.Theeffectsoftheflood. B.Thefightagainsttheflood.C.Thecauseoftheflood. D.Thetenfloodsoftheyear.3.A.Theywerebothbusydoingtheirownwork.B.Theywaitedforeachotheratdifferentplaces.C.Theywenttothestreetcorneratdifferenttimes.D.Themanwenttotheconcertbutthewomandidn’t.4.A.AtMaryJohnson’s. B.Atapainter’sstudio.C.Inanexhibitionhall. D.Outsideanartgallery.5.A.HesawthebigtoweronTV. B.HehasvisitedtheTVtoweronce.C.HehasvisitedtheTVtowertwice. D.HewillvisittheTVtowerinJune.6.A.Sheisnotinterestedinthearticle. B.Shehasgiventhemantoomuchtrouble.C.Shelikestohaveacopyofthearticle. D.Shehasdifficultyreadingthearticle.7.A.Theman’shouseisverydirty. B.Themanhastogetridoftheoldfurniture.C.Thefurnitureiscoveredwithlotsofdust. D.Thefurniturethemanboughtisinexpensive.8.A.Newstudentsareusuallyunfair. B.Theteacherlacksteachingexperience.C.Shedoesn’tagreewiththeman. D.Themanhadbettertalkwiththestudents.9.A.Hehasfoundaverygoodjob. B.Hedoesn’tfeelateaseinthefirm.C.Hehasbeenconsideredasafool. D.Hedoesn’tgetonwiththeothers.10.A.Aplaneticket. B.Ashoppingexperience.C.Animaginarysituation. D.Avacationbythesea.SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassagesandonelongerconversation,andyouwillbeaskedseveralquestionsoneachofthepassagesandtheconversation.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.11.A.Thefilmismadeupofworldclassics.B.MammaMiahasmovedfromthestagetothescreen.C.MammaMiatellsSufi’ssearchforhermother.D.ThestoryofMammaMiahasalottodowiththeband.12.A.InSweden. B.InShanghai.C.InLondon. D.InAmerica.13.A.Thematurecast.B.ThestorywithABBAmusic.C.TheEuropeanSongContest1984champion.D.TheChineseversionofMammaof2011.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.14.A.Leisureactivities. B.PopularTVstars.C.Outdoorsports. D.Familytime.15.A.Driving. B.Gardening.C.Eatingout. D.Surfing.16.A.Goingtothebars. B.Playingonlinegames.C.WatchingTV. D.Readingnovels.Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.17.A.Atatravelagency. B.Atalocalrestaurant.C.Atahotelreception. D.AtanAustralianairport.18.A.Freewineisoffered. B.Thepriceisreasonable.C.Shecarriesalotofluggage. D.Shetravelswithherfamily.19.A.Oneweek. B.Twoweeks.C.Fournights. D.Fivenights.20.A.ShecancomebackforChristmas. B.ShecandrinkthebestwineofAustralia.C.Shecanchoosetheactivitiesshelikes.D.Shecanbookaholidayanywhere.II.GrammarandvocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.WhatIfYou’reNotGoodatEnglish?ResearcherswhosefirstlanguageisnotEnglishcanspendaroundtwiceaslongreadinganEnglishscientificjournalarticleasnativespeakers.ForaPhDstudent,thatcanmean(21)______(spend)upto19additionalworkingdaysperyearjustreadingpapers.Thesestatistics,(22)______(publish)todayinPLOSBiology,mightnotbeshocking,researcherssay,butit’simportanttomeasuretheeffectsoflanguagebarriersonthecareersofacademics(23)______arenotfluentinEnglish.“Itisthefirststepforthescientificcommunity(24)______(make)moreeffortstosolvethisproblem”,saysTatsuyaAmano,abiodiversityresearcherattheUniversityofQueenslandinBrisbane,Australia,andaco-authorofthestudy.TheteamfoundthatamongscientistswhohadpublishedonlyonepaperinEnglish,scientistsfromcountries(25)______Englishisgenerallypoorspent29.8percentmoretimewritingpapersthannativeEnglishspeakers;(26)______fromcountrieswithmoderateEnglishproficiency(能力)spent50.6%moretime.Similarly,theresearchersfoundthatpeoplefromcountrieswithlowEnglishproficiencyspentanaverageof90.8percentmoretimereadingscientificarticles(27)_______nativeEnglishspeakers.Atconferences,eventhosewhoovercomeobstaclesfacedifficultiesinpresentingtheirworkinEnglish.GermanaBarata,aresearcherwho(28)______(specialize)insciencecommunicationattheStateUniversityofCampinasinBrazil,saysthatdespitebeingfluentinEnglish,shestillfeelsuncomfortableattimes.“We(29)______(give)thesameamountoftimetopresent,butallthatwecansayin10minutesisdifferentfrom(30)______anativespeakercansay,”shepointsout.SectionBDirections:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.empowersB.termedC.interactionD.implicationsE.advancesF.questionG.obtainedH.additionallyI.pressureJ.currentlyK.definingANewEraofCreativePartnershipsInanewpaperina

NatureHumanBehavior

specialissueonAI,

researcherJanetRafnerfromAarhusInstituteofAdvancedStudiesandCenterforHybridIntelligenceatAarhusUniversityandProf.JacobSherson,directoroftheCenterforHybridIntelligence,togetherwithinternationalpartners,discussresearchandsocietal(31)______ofcreativityandAI.Theteamofresearchersarguethatweshoulddirectourattentiontounderstandinganddevelopingco-creativity,theinteractionbetweenhumansandmachinestowardswhatis(32)______ahuman-centeredAIandhybridintelligence.Inthiswaywewillbeabletodevelopinterfaces(界面)thatatthesametimeensurebothhighdegreesofautomatizationthroughAI

and

humancontrolandherebysupportingarelationshipthatbest(33)______eachother.Rafnercomments:Todate,moststudiesonhuman-AIco-creativitycomefromthefieldofhuman-computer(34)______andfocusontheabilitiesoftheAI,andtheinteractiondesignanddynamics.Whilethese(35)______arekeyforunderstandingthedynamicsbetweenhumansandalgorithms(算法)andhumanattitudestowardstheco-creativeprocessandproduct,thereisanurgentneedtoenrichtheseapplicationswiththeinsightsaboutcreativity(36)______overthepastdecadesinthepsychologicalsciences.“Rightnow,weneedtomovetheconversationawayfromquestionslikeCanAIbecreative?Onereasonforthisisthat(37)______creativityisnotsetinstone.Wheninvestigatinghumanonly,machineonly,andhuman-AIco-creativity,weneedtoconsiderthetypeandlevelofcreativityunder(38)______,fromeverydaycreativeactivitiesthatareperhapsmoresuitabletomachineautomatizationtocontributionsthatmayrequirehigher-levelhumanintervention;(39)______,itismuchmoremeaningfultoconsidersomequestionslike,whatarethesimilaritiesanddifferencesinhumancognition,behavior,motivationandself-efficacy(自我效能)betweenhuman-AIco-creativityandhumancreativity?”explainsRafner.We,(40)______,don’tknowenoughaboutco-creativitybetweenhumansandmachines,becausethelinebetweenhumansandartificialintelligenceisn’talwaysclear.Lookingahead,researchersshouldbalancepredictiveaccuracywiththeoreticalunderstanding,towardsthegoalofdevelopingintelligentsystemstobothmeasureandenhancehumancreativity.III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Manyoftheworld’sislandswerepreviouslyunexploredplaces,butovertime,peoplehavecometotheseplaceswithfar-reachingeffects,includingdeforestation,over-huntingandtheintroductionofinvasivespecies.(41)______,mostofthebirdspeciesdisappeared.Whilethedeathofmanybirdssincethe1500shasbeen(42)______,ourknowledgeofthefateofspeciesbeforethisreliesonfossils(化石),andtheserecordsarelimitedbecausebirds’lightweightbonesare(43)______overtime.Thisconcealsthetrue(44)______ofglobalextinctions.Researchersnowbelieve1,430birdspecies—almost12percent—havediedoutovermodernhumanhistorysincearound130,000yearsago,withthevastmajorityofthembecomingextinctdirectlyorindirectly(45)______humanactivity.Thestudy,ledbytheUKCentreforEcology&Hydrology(UKCEH)andpublishedin

NatureCommunications,usedstatisticalmodellingto(46)______theundiscoveredbirdextinctions.LeadauthorDrRobCooke,anecologicalmodeleratUKCEH,says:“Ourstudydemonstratestherehasbeenafarhigher(47)______impactondiversitythanpreviouslyrecognized.Humansquicklydestroyedbirdpopulationsthroughhabitatloss,over-exploitation,andtheintroductionofrats,pigs,anddogs,whichattackedthebirds’nests,and(48)______withbirdsforfood.Weshowthatmanyspeciesbecameextinctbeforewrittenrecordsandleftno(49)______,lostfromhistory.”DrSørenFaurbyoftheUniversityofGothenburg,aco-authorofthestudy,adds:“Thesehistoricextinctionshavehadamajorimpactonthecurrentbiodiversitycrisis.Theworldmaynotonlyhavelostmanyfascinatingbirdsbutalsotheirvaried(50)______roles,whicharelikelytohaveincludedkeyfunctionssuchaspollination(授粉).Thiswillhavehadknock-oneffectsonecosystems,so,(51)______birdextinctions,wewillhavelostalotofplantsandanimalsthat(52)______thesespeciesforsurvival.”Observationsandfossilsshow640birdspecieshavebeendrivenextinct—90percentoftheseonislands(53)______bypeople.These(54)______fromtheiconic(标志性的)DodoofMauritiustotheGreatAukoftheNorthAtlantictothelesser-knownSaintHelenaGiantHoopoe.Buttheresearchersestimatetherehavebeenfurther790unknownextinctions,meaningatotalof1,430lostspecies—leavingjustunder11,000today.Therefore,fromtheperspectiveofprotectingspecies(55)______,theprotectionofbirdsisanurgentissueformankind.41.A.Tosomeextent B.Onaverage C.Asaresult D.Inshort42.A.confirmed B.recorded C.concealed D.discussed43.A.distracted B.disposed C.dismissed D.disintegrated44.A.extent B.context C.outcome D.influence45.A.dueto B.otherthan C.insteadof D.inspiteof46.A.declare B.illustrate C.estimate D.emphasize47.A.climate B.human C.environmental D.natural48.A.connected B.coped C.lived D.competed49.A.trace B.route C.change D.proposal50.A.interactive B.ecological C.productive D.social51.A.intermsof B.becauseof C.exceptfor D.inadditionto52.A.dependon B.interactwith C.fightagainst D.stayaway53.A.inhabited B.removed C.developed D.killed54.A.result B.range C.suffer D.date55.A.origin B.project C.growth D.diversitySectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)Inbringingupchildren,everyparentwatcheseagerlythechild’sacquisitionofeachnewskill—thefirstspokenwords,thefirstindependentsteps,orthebeginningofreadingandwriting.Itisoftentemptingtohurrythechildbeyondhisnaturallearningrate,butthiscansetupdangerousfeelingsoffailureandstatesofworryinthechild.Thismighthappenatanystage.Ababymightbeforcedtouseatoilettooearly,ayoungchildmightbeencouragedtolearntoreadbeforeheknowsthemeaningofthewordshereads.Ontheotherhand,though,ifachildisleftalonetoomuch,orwithoutanylearningopportunities,heloseshisnaturalenthusiasmforlifeandhisdesiretofindoutnewthingsforhimself.Parentsvarygreatlyintheirdegreeofstrictnesstowardstheirchildren.Somemaybeespeciallystrictinmoneymatters.Othersaresevereovertimesofcominghomeatnightorpunctualityformeals.Ingeneral,parents’demandsandsocialvaluesareasimportantaschildren’sownwell-being.Therefore,parentsalsoneedtoconstantlyobservetheworldandexploretheunknownsoastogivethechildrengoodpersonalizededucationintheirgrowth.Asregardsthedevelopmentofmoralstandardsinthegrowingchild,consistencyisveryimportantinparentalteaching.Tobanathingonedayandexcuseitthenextisnofoundationformorality.Also,parentsshouldrealizethat“exampleisbetterthanprecept(训诫)”.Iftheyarenotsincereanddonotpracticewhattheysay,theirchildrenmaygrowconfused,andemotionallyinsecurewhentheygrowoldenoughtothinkforthemselves,andrealizetheyhavebeentosomeextentfooled.Asuddenawarenessofamarkeddifferencebetweentheirparents’principlesandtheirmoralscanbeadangerousdisappointment.Parentsmustpaymoreattentiontotheirownbehaviorandlanguage,passingontherightvaluesandcognitiontotheirchildren.Inthisway,childrencangrowuphealthilyontherighttrack.56.Whatdoparentsusuallydowhentheirchildrenaregrowingup?A.Speeduptheirchildren’slearning.B.Watchtheirchildrenlearnnewskills.C.Puttheirchildrenintoastateofisolation.D.Maketheirchildrenliveontheirown.57.What’srightaboutparents’beingstrictwiththeirchildren?A.Parentsshouldnotexpecttoomuchofthem.B.Parentsshouldencouragethemtoreadfasterthanothers.C.Parentsshouldcreateasmanylearningopportunitiesaspossible.D.Parentsshouldfindabalancebetweenbeingstrictandleavingthemalone.58.Thesecondparagraphmainlytellsusthat______.A.parentsshouldbestrictwiththeirchildrenB.parentsneedtobestrictwiththemselvesC.differentparentstreattheirchildrendifferentlyD.parentssetstrictlimitsontheirchildren’sspending59.Inmoralmatters,parentsshould______.A.keepinlineinwordsanddeedsB.demandthattheirchildrenlistentothemC.knowthedifferencebetweenadultsandchildrenD.consistentlyensurethesecurityoftheirchildren(B)Preschoolerorgrade-schooler?StartsavingearlyIt’snevertooearlytostartsavingforcollege.Onewaytogetajumpistouse

collegesavingsplanslikethe529orCoverdell

tostartapoolofmoneytodrawfromlater.Youcanopenanaccountwhileyourstudentisachild.Andwithanaccountlikea529,themoneycanbeinvestedtogrowtax-free,aslongasit’susedforqualifiededucationexpenses.Earlyhighschool?TimetocheckthoseexpectationsSettingrealisticexpectationswithyourhighschoolerisanimportantpartofthecollegereadinesstimeline.Infact,youcanstarttalkingaboutcollegeandthefuturewhenyourstudentisinjuniorhigh.Evenifyouhavecollegesavingstohelppayforcollege—ormostofyoursavings—speakingwithyourstudentaboutexpectationsisimportant.Highschooljunior?ApplyforscholarshipsandfinancialaidThetimetostartapplyingforscholarshipsisduringyourstudent’sjunioryearofhighschool.Sports,music,performance,andclubscanenhanceanapplicationalongwithgrades.Itcanhelpcreateageneralessaythatcanbeadjustedforeachscholarship.Puttogetherarésuméthatincludesactivities,jobs,andaccomplishments.Don’tforgettofillouta

CSSprofilewiththecollegeboard.SomeschoolsandotherorganizationsusetheCSSprofileforoutstandingscholarshipapplications.FederalfinancialaidInordertoqualifyforfederalfinancialaid,includinggrants(助学金)andstudentloans,it’simportanttofilloutthe

FreeApplicationforFederalStudentAid(FAFSA).YourstudentshouldfillouttheirfirstFAFSAinOctoberoftheirsenioryearofhighschool.TheFAFSAshouldbeupdatedandsubmitted

everysubsequentyear

inOctobertokeeptheinformationuptodateandtoreceiveongoingfederalfinancialaid.Otheropportunitiestoholdbackthecosts…oraddtothemWhenplanningaheadforcollege,it’salsoimportanttoconsiderotheropportunitiesandexpecttheunexpected.Someadditionalopportunitiestoconsiderwhileyourhighschoolerisajuniororseniorinclude:Studyabroad.

Ifthere’sachanceforyourstudenttotakeasemesteroryearabroad,thatcanbeagoodexperience,butitmightalsorequireextrapaperworkandadditionalcosts.Additionaleducation.

Someschoolsmightofferadditionalcertificationsontopofregulardegreecoursework.Aspecialcertificationmightrequireasummersemesterthatmightnotbeincludedinthetraditionalfinancialaidaward.Longertimeinschool.

Noteverystudentwillfinishinthetraditionalfour-yeartimeframe.Changingmajors,doublemajors,andextracurricular(课外的)activitiescanextendyourstudent’stimeinschool.…60.WhatdoestheunderlinedpartinPara.1referto?A.Collegesavingsplan. B.Scholarshipapplicationmethod.C.Educationsavingsaccount. D.Educationalcertificationagency.61.Whatdoyouneedtodofirstifyouwanttogetfederalfinancialaid?A.Toupdateyourmaterials. B.Toapplyforscholarships. C.Tocontactthegovernment. D.Tofilloutthefreeapplication.62.Whatdoestheauthorwanttotellthereaderstodo?A.Toplanabrand-newcollegelife.B.Tothinkaheadaboutthecostofcollege.C.Toworktomakemoneyasearlyaspossible.D.Tothinkaboutthesignificanceofmajorchoices. (C)Theemergenceofblackholesundoubtedlymarksthebeginningofarevolution.Blackholeshavemanypeculiarproperties,suchasthealterationofspaceandtime,theradiationofgravitationalwavesandsoon.Scientistsarestilltryingtostudythepropertiesandevolutionofblackholesinordertobetterunderstandtheoriginandevolutionoftheuniverse.Recently,ateamofastronomersmayhavefoundasolo-wanderingblackholeusingastrangetrickofgravitycalledmicrolensing(微透镜效应),buttheresultsstillhavetobeconfirmed.Sometimesit’stoughbeinganastronomer.Naturelikestohidethemostinterestingthingsfromeasyobservation.Take,forexample,blackholes.Exceptforthestrangequantum(量子)phenomenonofHawkingradiation,blackholesarecompletelyblack.Theydon’temitasinglebitofradiation–theyonlyabsorb,hencetheirname.Todate,theonlywayastronomershavebeenabletospotblackholesisthroughtheirinfluenceontheirenvironments.Forexample,ifanorbitingstargetsalittletooclose,theblackholecanabsorbthegasfromthatstar,causingittoheatupasitfalls.WecanwatchasstarsdancearoundthegiantblackholeatthecenteroftheMilkyWay.EventhefamedpicturesoftheblackholesinthecenteroftheMilkyWayandtheM87galaxy(星系)aren’tphotographsoftheblackholesthemselves.Instead,theyareradioimagesofeverythingaroundthem.Butsurelynotallblackholeshaveotherlight-emittingobjectsaroundthemtohelpusfindthem.Tofindthesewanderers,astronomershavetriedtheirluckwithmicrolensing.Weknowthatheavyobjectscanbendthepathoflightaroundthem.ThisisapredictionofEinstein’sgeneraltheoryofrelativity,andtheslightbendingofstarlightaroundourownsunwasoneofthefirstsuccessfultestsofthetheory.Microlensingisprettymuchwhatthenamesuggests.Whenastronomersgetextremelylucky,awanderingblackholeandpassbetweenusandarandomdistantstar.Thelightfromthatstarbendsaroundtheblackholebecauseofitsgravity,andfromourpointofview,thestarwillappeartotemporarilyflareinbrightness.AndwhenIsay“extremelylucky”Imeanit.Despitetryingthistechniqueforoveradecade,itisonlynowthatastronomershavefoundacandidateblackholethroughmicrolensing.Twoteamsusedthesamedata,amicrolensingeventrecordedfromboththeOGLE(OpticalGravitationalLensingExperiment)telescopeinChileandtheMOA(MicrolensingObservationsinAstrophysics)telescopeinNewZealand.Oneteamfoundthatthemasswassomewherearoundseventimesthemassofthesun–definitelyblackholeterritory.Buttheotherteamestimatedamuchsmallermass,around2-4timesthemassoftheSun.Ifthetruemassoftheobjectisatthelowerendofthatspectrum(光谱),thenthewandererisprobablynotablackhole.63.Whydoestheauthorsayitishardtobeanastronomer?A.Einstein’stheoryishardtounderstand.B.Manythingsinnaturearenoteasytoobserve.C.Understandingtheevolutionoftheuniverseisnoteasy.D.Whethertheblackholehasbeenfoundremainstobeseen.64.WhatistheexampleinPara.4tryingtoprove?A.Stars’wanderinginblackholes.B.Blackholes’absorbingthestar’sgas.C.Therelationshipbetweenstars’heatingandblackholes.D.Findingblackholesbyobservingenvironmentalchanges.65.Whatdoestheauthortellusaboutthediscoveryofblackholes?A.Peoplecanoftenfindblackholeswithglowingobjects.B.Researchgroupscanworktogethertofindblackholes.C.Glowingobjectsaroundblackholeshelpusfindthemsometimes.D.Understandingthepropertiesofblackholeshelpsfindthem.66.Whatconclusioncanwedrawfromthelastparagraph?A.Topersevereintheendistowin.B.Factsspeaklouderthanwords.C.Failureisthemotherofsuccess.D.Thingsarenotalwayswhattheyseem.SectionCDirections:Readthepassagecarefully.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.A.WhenHanYucametoChaozhou,hewas51yearsold.B.HanYuwasaConfucianfigure,andtherearemanystoriesabouthiminChaozhou.C.AlthoughHanYu’sideashadnoobviouspracticaleffectatthetime,theyhadagreatimpactonsocietydecadeslater.D.BuiltintheSongdynasty,theshrineistheoldestandbestpreservedmonumenttoHanYu,oneofthegreatestliterarymenintheTangdynasty.E.TomemorizewhathehadcontributedtothedevelopmentofChaozhou,peopleconstructedthisshrineandnamedhimHanwengongrespectfully.F.Therearesomanytouriststhat,torelievethepressureonthemonuments,thescenicspotrequiresthatamaximumof500peoplevisitatatime.HanwengongShrineNowwecometoHanwengongShrine,whichisbesideHangjiangriverandwestofBijiamountain.(67)__________Inthesquareinfrontofthehall,anancientbook-shapedstoneiscarvedwithtwofamoussayingsofHanYuonit,meaninghardworkisthepreconditionforsuccess,anddeepthoughtistheguaranteeofsuccess.IntheyearofA.D.819,forsomepoliticalreason,HanYuwasexiled(流放)toChaozhou,abacklandatthattime.Buthewasnotdepressedbythis,andhehelpedlocalpeopletodevelopeducation,agriculture,irrigationandreleaseslaves.(68)____________Theshrinewasbuiltagainstthemountainanddividedintotwoparts,thefrontpartandthebackpart.Nowweplayasmallgame:countthestonesteps,andlaterI’lltellyouasecret.Howmanystepsarethere?Yes,51steps!Why?(69)___________ThefirsttimeHanYucametoChaozhou,hewasimpressedbythebeautifulsceneryandhospitalityoflocalpeople.Youseethatoldtree?Peoplesaythemoreflowersinthetree,themorewell-educatedstudentsare.ButinQingDynasty,thismagictree,plantedbyHanYuhimself,died,sopeopleplantedthistreeinstead.(70)__________Hereisone:whenHanYuwaslivinginChaozhou,therewasaveryfierceandcruelcrocodileintheHanjiangriver,whichwasabigsocialharm.Oneday,HanYudraftedastatementagainstthecrocodileandmadeitpublicbytheriver.Incredibly,fromthenextdayon,thecrocodilewasgone.Later,thestatue,madeofaportraitofHanYu,wasbuiltandhiswordswereleftonthemonumenttomarkhisachievements.IV.SummaryWritingDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.71.HowtoStayonTask“Inmanyactivities,itisdifficulttomaintainahighleveloffocusovertime.Ourresearchaskswhythisisthecase,”saidMatthewK.Robison,assistantprofessorofpsychologyattheUniversityofTexasatArlington.Althoughhumansgenerallyperformfineinsituationsthatrequiresustainedattention,theyareoftendistracted,whichcanleadtoinattention.Commondistractionscanbeanythingfromthinkingaboutanewromanticinteresttoreactingtoacarhonking.Mostinattentionhasminorconsequenceslikeforgettingtoforwardanemailorpickupanitematthegrocerystore.However,otherinattentioncanleadtoseriousconsequences,suchasatrainoperatornotreactingtoanincident,asurgeonforgettingastepinanoperationoranindividualforgettingtoturnoffanoven.“Sustainingattentioncanbeeasiersaidthandone,asattentionfluctuates(波动)acrossshortandlongintervals,”Robisonsaid.Oneofthemostcommonapproachestostudyinginattentionhasbeentoexamineresponsetimetoavarietyoftasks.Forthisstudy,Robisonandcolleaguesemployedmorethan100participantstocompletereactiontimetasksforabout25minutes.Inastandardcontrolcondition,participantsweresimplytoldtorespondasquicklyaspossibleoneachtrial.“Inthiscondition,reactiontimessystematicallyincreasedacrosstime,consistentwiththeideat