闵行2023学年第二学期高三二模英语试卷

第11页共12页2023学年第二学期高三年级学业质量调研英语试卷(考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分)I.ListeningComprehensionSectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1. A.Afridge. B.Anelectriccooker. C.Laundrymachines. D.Dishes.2. A.$450. B.$500. C.$550. D.$510.3. A.Flowers. B.Agardeningtool. C.Cookingappliances. D.Acookbook.4. A.Disappointed. B.Proud. C.Confident. D.Encouraged.5. A.Theman. B.Thewoman. C.Theirboss. D.Sarah.6. A.Ataconcertvenue. B.Atamovietheater. C.Atahotelreception. D.Atarestaurant. 7. A.Keepplayingvideogames. B.Getmoresleep. C.Buyacomfortablebed. D.Establisharegularbedtime.8. A.Sheisconfusedaboutthesoftwareprogramaswell. B.Sheunderstandsthesoftwareprogramcompletely. C.Shedoesn’tcareaboutthesoftwareprogram. D.Shehaslostthesoftwarepassword.9. A.Hewantsmorerecognitionforhisvolunteerwork.B.Hepreferstokeephisvolunteerworkprivate. C.Heregretsvolunteeringattheanimalshelter. D.Hewantstodiscusshisvolunteerworkfurther.10. A.Thestudentswereinterestedinsharing. B.Thestudentswereeagertolearnknowledge.C.Thestudentswereamazedatthelearningmaterial.D.Thestudentswererespectfultowardstheteacher.SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassagesandonelongerconversation,andyouwillbeaskedseveralquestionsoneachofthepassagesandtheconversation.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingtalk.11. A.Inherarm. B.Inherlung. C.Onhershoulder. D.Inherback.12. A.Overfiveyears. B.Aboutthreemonths.C.Lessthantwoweeks. D.Afewmonths.13. A.TofindwaystohelpMrs.Smith’sfamily.B.TohearanupdateonMrs.Smith’ssituation.C.Tofigureoutwhat’swrongwithMrs.Smith.D.Todiscussthecompany’shelpingpolicies.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingtalk.14. A.Improvingartistictheory. B.Puttingforwardflowtheory.C.Holdingattractiveactivities. D.Studyingbusinessmatters.15. A.Topromotethepainters’spirit. B.Todiscovertheexceptiontothetheory.C.Tostudythewaytogettheflowstate. D.Todiscoverthebestflowquality.16. A.Whentheyconsidernothingseemstomatter.B.Whentheybegantolearnnewskills.C.Whentheyworkindifferentprofessions.D.Whentheyareengagedintheirpursuits.Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.17. A.Itwasstolen. B.Itwasinvolvedinanaccident. C.Itranoutofgas. D.Itwasparkedillegallyandpulledaway.18. A.It’sonlyforloadingpurposes. B.It’sreservedformotorcycles. C.It’sfreeforanyonetoparkthere. D.It’sforlibraryuseonly.19. A.Theparkingservicesoffice. B.Themainentranceofthelibrary. C.Thevehiclestoragefacility. D.Thecampusgymnasium.20. A.$10 B.$50 C.$75 D.$85

II.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.Byday,RobertTittertonisalawyer.Inhissparetime,hegoesonstagebesidepianistMariaRaspopova—notasamusicianbutasherturner.“(21)________notbeingatrainedmusician,I’velearnedtoreadmusictoassistMariainherperformance.”MrTittertonischairmanoftheOmegaEnsemblebut(22)________(act)astheofficialturnerforthepastfouryears.Hisjobistositbesidethepianistandturnthepagesofthescore.Inthisway,themusiciansdon’thavetobreaktheflowofsoundbydoingit(23)________.Hesaidhebecamejustasnervousasthoseplayinginstrumentsonstage.Beingaturnerrequiresplentyofpractice.Somepiecesofmusic(24)________gofor40minutesandrequireupto50pagesofturns,includingbackturnsforrepeatpassages.(25)________mattersisonstagecommunication.Eachpianisthastheirownstyleof“nodding”(26)________(indicate)apageturnthattheyneedtopractisewiththeirturner.Butlikeallperformances,therearemoments(27)________thingsgowrong.“Iwasturningthepagetogetreadyforthenextpage,butthedraftwindfromtheturncausedthesparepagestofalloffthestand,”MrTittertonsaid,“Luckily,Iwasabletocatchthemandputthemback.”(28)________mostturnersarepianostudentsorup-and-comingconcertpianists,MsRaspopovahasonceaskedherhusbandtohelpheroutonstage.“Sometimesmyhusbandisnotanattentiveturner.He’sinterestedinthemusic,(29)________(feel)everynote,butIhavetosay:‘Turn,turn!’”shelaughed.“ButRobertis(30)________(qualified)turnerI’vehadinmyentirelife.”SectionBDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.contrastinstructedconcentratingpotentialE.touchingplayedbetterspecializedspotfollowtracingUnfamiliarMusicMayHelpPeopleChatatPartiesIfyouwantyourgueststobeparticularlysociableatanupcomingparty,makesureyouplaymusictheyprobablyhaven’theardbefore.Toexplorehowbackgroundmusicaffectsthewaywe31conversations,researchersJaneBrownandGavinBidelmanconductedastudyanalyzingthebrainactivityof31individualsaged21and33.Duringtheexperiment,participantslistenedto72minutesofanaudiobook(有声读物),whichthepairusedasareplacementfor32onsomeonetalking,whilebackgroundmusicwasaccompaniedbytheaudiobookformostofthetime.Forhalfoftheexperiment,theparticipantswereaskedtofocuson2-minutepartsofanunfamiliaraudiobookreadbyaman.Therestofthetime,theyweretoldtofocusonfourbackgroundsongs,whichweresimilarly33for2minutesatatime.This34invoicesaimedtoassessparticipants’abilitytoshiftattentionbetweentwodistinctlydifferentvoices.Duringtheexperiment,alltheparticipantswore35capstomonitortheelectricalactivitytakingplaceintheirbrains.This36ofelectricalactivitywasthekey.ItallowedBrownandBidelmantodiscoverhowefficientlytheseindividualscouldfocusoneithertheaudiobookorthemusicwhen37todoso.Thefindingrevealedthattheparticipantscould38turntheirattentiontotheaudiobookifthebackgroundmusicwasunfamiliartothem.Followingthetask,theparticipantscompletedamusicperceptionsurveyevaluatingtheirmusicalskills,suchasthecapacityto39whetherapairofsimilar-soundingtunesarethesame.Notably,thosewithlowermusicalscoresdemonstratedslowerattentionalshiftsbetweensongsandaudiobooks,suggestinga(n)40linkbetweenmusicalabilityandattentionmanagementskills.III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.InFavourofSimpleWritingDoyouedittextmessagescarefullybeforesendingthem?Ifso,youmaybethekindofpersonwhotakespridein41eventhesimplestmessage.Ifyoudonot,youmayseeyourselfasago-getter,onewhovaluesexcitementandspeedover42:getitdonedecentlynowratherthanperfectlylater.Peopleareconstantlyreceivingmessages,fromthemailboxtotheinboxtothetext-messagealert.Whattoread,whattoskim(略读)andwhattoignorearedecisionsthatnearlyeveryonehastomakedozensoftimesaday.AnewbooktitledAllReadersareBusyNowadaysmakestheargumentforbeingthecarefulkindof43,evenininformallines.Theauthorsalsopresentwell-established44thathavelongbeenprizedinguidestowriting.Take“lessismore”.Mostbooksonwritingwelladvocatetheadviceto45needlesswords.Theauthors,however,have46theidea.Inanemailtothousandsofschool-boardmembersaskingthemtotakeasurvey,cuttingthecountfrom127to49wordsalmost47theresponserate.Keepingmessagestoa48idea—orasfewasabsolutelyneeded—helpsensurethattheywillberead,rememberedandactedon.49thenumberoftheavailableoptionshasthesameeffect,too.Alinkinanemail,50,attracted50%moreclickswhenpresentedalonethanwhenitwassentalongsideasecondadditionallink.Syntax(句法)and51matter,too.Itismore52toadoptshortandactivesentences,withcommonwordsfamiliartoeveryone.FromFacebookpoststoonline-travelreviews,evenbrief,informalpiecesofwritingthatfollowtheserulesgetmorelikesandshares.Ifeveryoneisabusyreader,everyoneisabusywriter,too.Thatmaymakeittemptingtosentasmanymessagesas53aspossibleandhopeforthebest.Butfromessaystotextmessagesorganizingdinnerplans,devotingtimetotheneedsofreadershasprovable54.Ifyouaresobusythatyouwriteanundisciplinedmessagewhichreadersscan,ignoreanddelete,thenyoumightaswellhavenot55itatall.A.conveying B.understanding C.crafting D.sendingA.care B.quantity C.simplicity D.technologyA.reader B.poster C.learner D.writerA.structures B.principles C.aims D.alternativesA.remove B.ignore C.reconsider D.interpretA.conveyed B.translated C.tested D.shapedA.lowered B.affected C.doubled D.maintainedA.basic B.positive C.definite D.singleA.Recording B.Reducing C.Counting D.EstimatingA.incomparison B.afterall C.forinstance D.inparticularA.word-choice B.pattern-design C.target-setting D.platform-selectionA.difficult B.suitable C.challenging D.commonA.carefully B.often C.politely D.quicklyA.outcomes B.points C.figures D.benefitsA.received B.written C.read D.answeredSectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhaveread.(A)GrowingupinUkraine,Vadimdidn’tknowwhatitwasliketoliveinasafe,stablehome.Hisparentswerealcoholicswhowouldoftenbeathim.They’devenstuffhimintoawinecontainer,breakinghislittlebodyandleavingonlyasmallopeningatthetopsohecouldbreatheandsee—butonlyjustalittle.BythetimeVadimturned9,hewaslivinginanorphanage(孤儿院).Unfortunately,asisthecasewithfartoomanylittleones,hislifeonlygotworsethere.Notonlywashehurt,buthewasplacedinaroomonthethirdfloor,makingitimpossibletogetdownstairsinawheelchair.ThisleftVadimcrawlingupanddownthestairs,anactivitythatwasbothphysicallyandmentallyexhausting.He’doftenbelateformeals.Ifthefoodwasn’talreadygonebythetimehearrived,otherkidswouldstealfromhim.Then,achaineffectbeganwhensomespecialfolksvisitedtheorphanage.Theytoldhimastoryaboutaspiritualfigurewhoadvocatedloveandforgiveness.Thisconversationhelpedthe14-year-oldfindhisfaithand,inturn,hehadmorehopethanheeverhadbefore.Today,Vadimisonlongertheboysubjecttofate.Heisafathertohisownkids,andhislifecouldn’tbemoredifferentorbetter.Overtheyears,he’sdiscoveredagiftforexpressinghimselfthroughart.ThisinspiredTimTebowFoundation,anorganizationfightingforthemostvulnerable(脆弱的)peoplearoundtheworld,toaskifhe’dliketocreateapiecethatrepresentedwhatitlookedandfeltlikeforhimtohavegonefrom“darknesstolight.”Theresult?AtrulyremarkablepaintingthatfeaturesVadim,inhiswheelchair,leavingbehindhisoldhome,includingthewinecontainerhisparentsstuffedhiminto.Hisnewdirectionincludesabeautifulforestfulloffallleavesandbrightlight,showingthehopeheissaidtohavefoundintheinspiringstory.56. Accordingtothepassage,Vadim’sparentstreatedhim________.A.abusively B.forgivingly C.thoughtfully D.strictly57.WhydidVadimcrawlupanddownthestairswhenlivingintheorphanage?A.Becausehislittleroommatesoftendiddamagetohiswheelchair.B.Becauseotherchildrenwouldtakehismealwithoutpermission.C.Becausehecouldn’tusethewheelchairtogodownstairsfromahighfloor.D.Becausegettingdownstairswasdemandingforhimphysicallyandmentally.58. Thephrase“achaineffect”inparagraph4refersto_________.A.aneffectivetreatmentforVadim’sdisabilityB.aseriesofpositivechangesoccurringinVadim’slifeC.asenseofhopefromthestoryofaspiritualfigureD.ahelpinghandfromTimTebowFoundation59.WhatisthemessagethatVadimwantstoconveyinhisremarkablepainting?A.Headmiresthebeautyandharmonyofnature.B.Heleadsamiserablelifewithhisownkids.C.Heexcelsindelicatepaintingtechniques.D.Hesaysfarewelltothepastandharvestshappiness.(B)TheRoleofCrowdfundinginBusinessGrowthCrowdfundingisafundraisingmethodthatmakesuseofthepoweroftheInternetandsocialnetworks.Itinvolvesraisingsmallamountsofmoneyfromalargenumberofindividualsorinvestors,typicallythroughonlineplatforms.Theseplatformsconnectentrepreneurs(创业者)withpotentialbackerswhocontributefundstosupportaspecificproject,business,oridea.TypesofCrowdfundingReward-BasedCrowdfunding—Backersgetareward,suchasaproductsampleoreasyaccess,inexchangefortheircontribution.Thismodelispopularforstartupsandcreativeprojects.Equity(股权)Crowdfunding—Investorsreceivesharesorequityinthebusinessinexchangefortheirfunding.Thismodelisidealforsmallbusinesseslookingtoraisesubstantialcapitalandissubjecttospecificregulations.DebtCrowdfunding—Entrepreneursborrowmoneyfrombackersandagreetorepayitwithinterestovertime.Thismodelissimilartoaloanandissuitableforbusinesseswithaclearrepaymentplan.TipsforaSuccessfulCrowdfundingCampaignSetcleargoals:Defineyourfundinggoal,thepurposeofthefunds,andhowyou’llusethemoney.Persuasivestory:Makeanappealingandgenuinestoryaboutyourbusiness.Explainwhyitmattersandhowbackers’contributionswillmakeadifference.Engageyournetwork:Mobilizeyourexistingnetworkoffriends,family,andprofessionalcontactstosupportyourcampaign.Theirinitialcontributionscanbuildmomentum(动力).Transparency:Betransparentandhonestaboutyourproject’sprogressandanychallengesyouencounter.Backersappreciatehonesty.Fulfillpromises:Onceyourcampaignissuccessful,fulfillyourpromisestobackerstimelyandcommunicateregularly.60.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisaccurateaboutcrowdfunding? A.Reward-BasedCrowdfundingisthemostpopulartypeofcrowdfunding.B.Backerscangetthesamekindsofrewardsinthethreetypesofcrowdfunding. C.Crowdfundingisafundraisingtechniquethatreliesonofflineplatforms.D.DebtCrowdfundingisfitforbusinesseswithaspecificrepaymentschedule.61.The4thtip“Transparency”probablymeans“________”. A.carefulnessB.perseveranceC.franknessD.optimism62.TheownersofExplodingKittens,acardgamecorporationestablishedsixyearsago,plantoraisealargesumofcapitaltostartapromotioncampaign.Theyarehighlyrecommendedto________. A.preferReward-BasedCrowdfundingtoEquityCrowdfundingB.draftanattractivestoryaboutthecampaignbasedonrealinformation C.realizetheirpromisestobackersontimeevenifthecampaignisafailureD.comparetheinitialsupportprovidedbydifferentexistingcontacts(C)Hundredsofpeopledieatseaeveryyearduetoshipandairplaneaccidents.Emergencyteamshavelittletimetorescuethoseinthewaterbecausetheprobabilityoffindingapersonalivefallsdramaticallyaftersixhours.Beyondtidesandchallengingweatherconditions,unsteadycoastalcurrentsoftenmakesearchandrescueoperationsextremelydifficult.NewinsightintocoastalflowsgainedbyaninternationalresearchteamledbyGeorgeHaller,ProfessorofNonlinearDynamicsatETHZurich,promisestoenhancethesearchandrescuetechniquescurrentlyinuse.Usingtoolsfromdynamicalsystemstheoryandoceandata,theteamhasdevelopedanalgorithm(算法)topredictwhereobjectsandpeoplefloatinginwaterwillgo.“Ourworkhasaclearpotentialtosavelives,”saysMattiaSerra,thefirstauthorofastudyrecentlypublishedinNatureCommunications.Intoday’srescueoperationsatsea,complicatedmodelsofoceandynamicsandweatherforecastingareusedtopredictthepathoffloatingobjects.Forfast-changingcoastalwaters,however,suchpredictionsareofteninaccurateduetouncertainboundariesandmissingdata.Asaresult,asearchmaybelaunchedinthewronglocation,causingalossofprecioustime.Haller’sresearchteamobtainedmathematicalresultspredictingthatobjectsfloatingontheocean’ssurfaceshouldgatheralongafewspecialcurves(曲线)whichtheycallTRansientAttractingProfiles(TRAPs).Thesecurvescan’tbeseenwithoureyesbutcanbetrackedfrominstantoceansurfacecurrentdatausingrecentmathematicalmethodsdevelopedbytheETHteam.Thisenablesquickandpreciseplanningofsearchpathsthatarelesssensitivetouncertaintiesinthetimeandplaceoftheaccident.IncooperationwithateamfromMIT,theETHteamtestedtheirnew,TRAP-basedsearchalgorithmintwoseparateoceanexperimentsnearMartha’sVineyard,whichisonthenortheasterncoastoftheUnitedStates.Workingfromthesamereal-timedataavailabletotheCoastGuard,theteamsuccessfullyidentifiedTRAPsintheregioninreal-time.Theyfoundthatbuoysandmanikins(浮标和人体模型)throwninthewaterindeedquicklygatheredalongtheseemergingcurves.“Ofseveralcompetingapproachestestedinthisproject,thiswastheonlyalgorithmthatconsistentlyfoundtherightlocation”,saysHaller.“Ourresultsarerapidlyobtained,easytointerpret,andcheaptoperform,”pointsoutSerra.Hallerstresses:“Ourhopeisthatthismethodwillbecomeastandardpartofthetoolkitofcoastguardseverywhere.”Inasearchandrescueoperation,________.A.thesurvivalratedropstoalmostzeroaftersixhoursB.theuseofdynamicsleadstothewronglocationC.weatherconditionsareadeterminingfactorD.changingcurrentspresentachallenge64.Themainsignificanceofthenewalgorithmis________.A.accuratelypredictingweatherconditionsduringrescueoperationsB.dependenceonsatellitetechnologytolocatedistressedindividualsatseaC.cost-effective,efficienttrackingofobjectsandindividualsincoastalwatersD.predictingtheexacttimeandlocationofoceanaccidents65.Paragraph5mainlytalksabout________.A.thecollectionofdata B.thetestingofthealgorithmC.theidentificationoftheTRAPs D.thecooperationoftworesearchteams66. Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.HowMathematicsCanSaveLivesatSeaB.HowCoastalWatersAffectSavingLivesC.WhyAlgorithmsArePopularinRescueOperationsD.WhySuccessRatesofRescueOperationsHaveFallenSectionCDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.A.Suchmediadoesn’tjustentertain.B.Youcaneasilypickoutthedifferencesamongyoursiblings.C.Aswejourneythroughadulthood,it’scrucialtoreflectonitsimpact.D.Mediaexposureduringchildhoodimpactseachchild

indistinctways.E.Additionally,mediahaveproventohavelong-termeffectsonindividuals.F.However,ourmentalandphysicalstatesmaynotbeadequatelyequippedtohandleit.ChildhoodMediaShapingFuturesMuch

ofthemediaweconsumeduringourformativeyearsshapes

us

into

the

people

weare

today.Reflectonaparticularpieceofmediafromourchildhood—perhapsit’stheTVshowweeagerlyawaitedeveryweekendduringvisitstoourgrandmother’shouse.67Itshapes

our

dreamsandfears

and

even

drives

us

to

futurecareers.68Olderchildrenmayhavehadalotmorerestrictions,likeTVshows,movies,andsocialmediaaccess.Andbecauseofthese,theywereabletobeachildforlongercomparedtotheirsiblings(兄弟姐妹).Childrenwhohaveoldersiblingstendtoshowmorematuretendenciesandcanappearto“growupquicker”thanotherchildrentheirage.Whiletheymighthavebeenrestrictedfromsocialmediaaccountsuntilacertainage,oncegivenaccess,theytendtobemoreprepared.Themediaexposureofourgenerationhasundoubtedlyled

to

an

increased

maturationatyoungerages.699Simplylookingbackatpreviousgenerationsandtherateofconsumptionandprocessingofinformationthatweexperienceeveryday,theeffectsofsuchareonlybeginning.Assoon-to-beorcurrentadults,wearealreadyfacingissuessuchasdepression,anxiety,anddelaysincertainlearningandsocialskills,justtonameafew.Arewe“moremature?”orareweoverexposedandatriskforexceptionalmental,physical,andemotionalconsequences?Inconclusion,childhoodmediaconsumptionsignifica