交通工程专业英语裴玉龙课件市公开课一等奖省赛课微课金奖课件

Englishin

TrafficEngineeringGivenbyLiHong交通工程专业英语裴玉龙课件第1页1/183ContentsTheEvolutionofTransportAVCSSContributestowardReducingCongestionandImprovingTrafficSafetyUrbanTransitDefinitionsSightDistanceRoundaboutIntersectionUnit1Unit2ReinforcementinConcreteRoadSlabsUnit6Unit3Unit4Unit5交通工程专业英语裴玉龙课件第2页2/183ContentsUnit7Unit8FreewaysUnit12Unit9Unit10Unit11TranslationskillsEnglishAbstractWritingIntersectionsRoadworksBridges交通工程专业英语裴玉龙课件第3页3/183TheEvolutionofTransportHowdoes

transportproducedanddeveloped？Whatrestrictsthedevelopmentoftransportation？Whatarethenegetiveresultscausedbyvarioustransportmodes?Howistheprospetoftransportaccordingtothispaper?交通工程专业英语裴玉龙课件第4页4/183Atfirsttherewasmobilityrequiredforindividuals,clans,households,andaniamlsto

protectthemagainst,andto

escapefrom,

thedangersofnaruraldisastersandtribalaggessions,andinthesearchforthebestplacestosettle.

tribe[traib] n.部落，族群，宗族evolution[‚i:və‛lu:ʃən]

n.进展，发展，演变，进化clan[klæn]

n.宗族，部落，集团territorial[‚teri‛tɔ:riəl] a.领土，土地integrity[in‛tegrəti]

n.正直，老实，廉正，完整agression[ə‛greʃən] n.进攻，侵略comeintobeing 形成，产生Astribalgroupsformedandgraduallyestablishedtheirgeographicalidentity,transportwasincreasinglyneedtoopenupregionsfordevelopent,toprovideaccesstonaturalresources,topromoteintercommunaltrade,andtomobilizeterritorialdefence.时间状语从句Paragraph1交通运输产生及其早期作用交通工程专业英语裴玉龙课件第5页5/183Duringallofthisgradualdevelopmenttowardanorganizedhumansociety,（represestedtodaythroughtheinternationalfamilyofnations）,transportasphysicalprocessofmovingpeopleandgoods,thuspromotingsuchdevelopment,continuouslyunderwenttechnologicalandorganizationalchanges.

during引导时间状语从句

intercontinental['intə,kɔnti'nentəl]

a.洲际间，大陆间

undergo

[,ʌndə'ɡəu]

vt.经历，经受；忍受

~experiences;~tests;~surgerysubjectto

使服从；使遭受；受…管制inresponseto 响应，对…作出反应Paragraph2运输方式发展与人类社会发展相互促进交通工程专业英语裴玉龙课件第6页6/183criterion[krai'tiəriən]

n.(批评判断)标准；准则；规范firstandforemost

首先最主要是unconstrained['ʌn,kənstreind] a.不受约束，不受强制

ingenuity

[,indʒi'nju:əti]

n.创造性，独创性，心灵手巧Paragraph3Subsequentlyrefinedanddeveloped,suchnewtechnologiesmadeitpossibletobettermeetincreasingtransportdemand,thusimprovingbotheconomicprogressandhumanwelfare.

社会发展需要高效率交通运输交通工程专业英语裴玉龙课件第7页7/183

strategic[strə'ti:dʒik]

a.战略上，战略strategicmobility [军]战略机动能力

propulsion

[prəu'pʌlʃən]

n.推进；推进力self-propulsion 自推进力，自我推进，自航sturdy['stə:di] a.坚定；健壮；健全sophisticate[sə'fistikeit] vt.弄复杂；使变得世故；曲解 n.久经世故人；精通者costeffectiveness 成本效率Paragraph4~54:新型运输方式产生5:含有特殊用途运输方式产生交通工程专业英语裴玉龙课件第8页8/183equity['ekwəti]

n.公平，公正；普通股；平衡subsidize['sʌbsidaiz]

vt.资助；给与奖助金；向…行贿commodityflow

商品流动detrimental[,detri'mentəl]

adj.有害；不利

n.有害人（或物）Paragraph6~7Althoughtransport'spotentialtomeeteffectivelynumeroussocitalmobilityneedimprovedcontinuously,itbecameevidentthatsucheffectivenesshaditsprice.although引导让步状语从句6:运输方式发展与高投入相互制约7:交通运输发展所造成环境污染问题交通工程专业英语裴玉龙课件第9页9/183criterion[krai'tiəriən]

n.(批评判断)标准；准则；规范firstandforemost

首先最主要是unconstrained['ʌn,kənstreind] a.不受约束，不受强制

ingenuity

[,indʒi'nju:əti]

n.创造性，独创性，心灵手巧Paragraph8Subsequentlyrefinedanddeveloped,suchnewtechnologiesmadeitpossibletobettermeetincreasingtransportdemand,thusimprovingbotheconomicprogressandhumanwelfare.

社会发展需要高效率交通运输交通工程专业英语裴玉龙课件第10页10/183dwindle['dwindl]

v.降低；变小；使降低impede[im'pi:d] vt.妨碍；妨碍；阻止

derivative

[di'rivətiv] n.[化学]衍生物，派生物 adj.派生；引出unabated[,ʌnə'beitid] adj.不减弱，不衰退disproportion[disprə'pɔ:ʃən] n.不均衡；不相当deficit['defisit] n.赤字；不足额currentaccount 现金账户TheEndParagraph8~9Thereisnootherchoicebuttolookforalternativestopresenttransportsystemsortomodifythetechnicalandoperationalcharacteristicsofrelatedmodes

sothatenergyconsumptionandcostswillbereducedandenvironmentalimpactscanbekeptataminimum.8:能源危机对运输成本及国家经济造成挑战9:对交通运输深入发展提出提议交通工程专业英语裴玉龙课件第11页11/183AVCSSContributestowardReducing

CongestionandImprovingTrafficSafetyHowdoes

transportproducedanddeveloped？Whatrestrictsthedevelopmentoftransportation？Whatarethenegetiveresultscausedbyvarioustransportmodes?Howistheprospetoftransportaccordingtothispaper?交通工程专业英语裴玉龙课件第12页12/183Atfirsttherewasmobilityrequiredforindividuals,clans,households,andaniamlsto

protectthemagainst,andto

escapefrom,

thedangersofnaruraldisastersandtribalaggessions,andinthesearchforthebestplacestosettle.

tribe[traib] n.部落，族群，宗族evolution[‚i:və‛lu:ʃən]

n.进展，发展，演变，进化clan[klæn]

n.宗族，部落，集团territorial[‚teri‛tɔ:riəl] a.领土，土地integrity[in‛tegrəti]

n.正直，老实，廉正，完整agression[ə‛greʃən] n.进攻，侵略comeintobeing 形成，产生Astribalgroupsformedandgraduallyestablishedtheirgeographicalidentity,transportwasincreasinglyneedtoopenupregionsfordevelopent,toprovideaccesstonaturalresources,topromoteintercommunaltrade,andtomobilizeterritorialdefence.时间状语从句Paragraph1交通运输产生及其早期作用交通工程专业英语裴玉龙课件第13页13/183AVCSSContributestowardReducing

CongestionandImprovingTrafficSafety致力于降低交通拥堵和提升交通安全

先进车辆控制安全系统交通工程专业英语裴玉龙课件第14页14/183

AVCS(AdvancedVehicleControlSystems) 现金车辆控制系统congestion[kən'dʒestʃən]

n.拥挤；拥塞；充血ITS(IntelligentTransportSystems) 智能交通系统conceive[kən'si:v] v.构思，构想，持有，怀孕ATMS(AdvancedTrafficManagementSystem) 先进交通管理系统ATIS(AdvancedTrafficInformationSystem) 先进交通信息系统Indecadesincethen,themajorityoftheattentionoftheITScommunityingeneralhasbeenfocusedonATMSandATIS,whilethedefinitionofAVCShasbeenexpandedtoAVCSSwiththeadditionof'andSafty'toaccommodatesafetywarningsystemsthatarenotactuallycontrolsystems.Paragraph1AVCSS功效范围交通工程专业英语裴玉龙课件第15页15/183

investment[in'vestmənt]

n.投资；投入；封锁ThisassumptionisparticularlymisleadinginthecaseofAVCSS,wherethelargemajorityoftheactivityoccurswithinthevehiclemanufacturingandsupplyingindustriesandthemostadvancedthinkinghappenswithinthestateDoTsrathingthantheU.S.DoT.Paragraph2民众对ITS和AVCSS误解交通工程专业英语裴玉龙课件第16页16/183encompass[in'kʌmpəs] vt.包含；包围，围绕；完成category['kætiɡəri] n.种类，分类；[数]范围longitudinal[,lɔndʒi'tju:dinəl] adj.长度，纵向；经线lateral['lætərəl] adj.侧面，横向readiness['redinis] n.灵敏，快速；准备就绪

Thisdoesnotevencapturethebreadthofpossibilitysthatarisefromvaryinglevelsofcooperationandautomationwithinanindividualuserservice.Paragraph3AVCSS涵盖范围及其缺憾交通工程专业英语裴玉龙课件第17页17/183audible[audible] adj.听得见haptic['hæptik] adj.触觉corrective[kə'rektiv] adj.矫正；惩治

trucklane 卡车道；载重汽车车道departure[di'pɑ:tʃə] n.离开；出发；违反;启程Warningsystemscanprovideaudible,visibleorhaptic(touch)cuestoalertthedrivertopotentiallyunsafeconditions,afterwhichthedriverneedtotakecorrectiveactiontoavoidthehazard.Paragraph4警告系统使用情况交通工程专业英语裴玉龙课件第18页18/183portion['pɔ:ʃən] n.部分；一份；命运adaptive[ə'dæptiv] adj.适应，适合cruise[kru:z] n.&v.巡航，巡游，漫游brake[breik] n.&v.闸，刹车；妨碍high-end 高档，高端Thesehavenotyetbeenintroducedinpublicroadapplications,buttheyarecarryinigmillionsofpassengerseverydayinairportpeoplemoversandavarietyofurbantransitsystems(Vancouver,Parise,London,Tokyo,LyonandLille).Paragraph5控制援助系统使用情况Paragraph6全自动系统使用情况交通工程专业英语裴玉龙课件第19页19/183

autonomous[ɔ:'tɔnəməs]

adj.自治；自主；自发derive[di'raiv] v.源于；得自；起源senser['sensə] n.传感器，敏感元件；感知者Paragraph7车辆协作系统使用情况Paragraph8美国国家运输部对车辆协作系统贡献autonomous[ɔ:'tɔnəməs] adj.自治；自主；自发initiative[i'niʃiətiv] n.主动权；首创精神sponsor['spɔnsə] vt.&n.赞助（者）；发起（者）交通工程专业英语裴玉龙课件第20页20/183tag[tæɡ] v.加标签于identifiable[ai'dentifaiəbl] adj.可识别；可认明rader['reidə] n.雷达

modulation[,mɔdju'leiʃən] n.[电子]调制；调整infrared[,infrə'red] n.&adj.红外线()taillight n.尾灯fluorescence[fluə'resns] n.荧光；荧光性striping['straipiŋ] v.给…加条纹discrimination[dis,krimi'neiʃən] n.歧视；区分，区分；识别力modest['mɔdist] adj.谦虚，谦逊；适度target['tɑ:ɡit] vt.把…作为目标；要求…指标infrastructure['infrə,strʌktʃə] n.基础设施；公共建设in-vehicle 车上，车载sensing['sensiŋ] n.传感；感觉Paragraph9交通工程专业英语裴玉龙课件第21页21/183Thisprojecthasconsideredconceptsforbothpassiveandactive'tagging'ofvehiclesandroadsidobjectssothattheycanbemoreclearlyidentifiablebyautomotiveradars,aswellastechnologies

suchas

modulationofinfraredLEDtaillightsforvehicle-vehiclecommunicationsandfluorescentpaintstripingonroadsurfacestofacilitatediscriminationoflanepositioninformation.Paragraph9车辆与道路系统间友好感应系统项目标建立理念Thebassicconceptbehindthisprojectisthatamodestapplicationoftechnologyto'target'vehiclesandtheroadwayinfrastructurecansignificantlyenhancetheperformanceand/orreducethecostandcomplexityofthein-vehicleAVCSSsensingandwaringsystems.交通工程专业英语裴玉龙课件第22页22/183chauffeur['ʃəufə,ʃəu'fə:] n.司机，汽车驾驶员distinctive[dis'tiŋktiv]

adj.有特色，与众不一样trailer['treilə] n.拖车；挂车tow-car

n.拖车；牵引车Paragraph10欧洲汽车驾驶员工程红外线跟驰系统Forexample,theCHAUFFEURprojectinEuropeusesadistinctivepatternofinfaredlightsonthebackoftrailerasthe'target'forthefollowingtrucktofollowtoforman'electronictow-bar',andthetwotrucksalsocommunicatewitheachotherusingawirelesslink.交通工程专业英语裴玉龙课件第23页23/183Paragraph11美国各州及日本内阁对车辆控制系统关注impractical[im'præktikəl] adj.不切实际，不现实smartway

智能方式ministry['ministri] n.（政府）部门；内阁substantial[səb'stænʃəl] adj.大量；实质demonstrate['demənstreit] vt.证实；论证；展示demo['deməu] n.展示；演示；示威intersection[,intə'sekʃən] n.十字路口；交叉口Thereinitialfocusisonintersectioncollisionwarning,whichisimpracticalforautonomousvehiclesystemsandalmostcertainlyrequiresinfrastructure-basedsensingandcommunicationsystems.交通工程专业英语裴玉龙课件第24页24/183AVCSSContributestowardReducing

CongestionandImprovingTrafficSafetyWhatassumptionisparticularlymisleadinginthecaseofAVCSS?HowcanthedefinitionofAVCSbeexpandedtoAVCSS?Whatcancontrolassistancesystemsprovide?Whatcanautomationsystemsprovide?交通工程专业英语裴玉龙课件第25页25/183UrbanTransitDefinitioninstitutional[,insti'tju:ʃənəl]] adj.制度；制度上motorvehicle 机动车

survey[sə:'vei] n.&v.调查，纵览，俯瞰，概述right-of-way 道路用地，路权Afterdefiningimportanttermsusedinurbantransit,thepapersurveysthephysicalcharacteristicsofsuchsystems(right-of-way,vehicles,routes,stops,andperformance),operationalprocedures,andtheeconomicandmanagementaspectsthatdefinethecapabilityoftransitanditscontributiontourbanmobility.such---urbantransit its---urbantransitsystem交通工程专业英语裴玉龙课件第26页26/183Part1Generalfunctiondefinitionsincidental[,insi'dentəl] adj.偶然；轻易发生；附带route[ru:t] n.路线；航线；通道inthat 因为

vanpool['vænpu:l] n.上下班交通车适用小组charter['tʃɑ'tə] n.特许状；执照;包租paratransit['pærə'trænsit] n.辅助客运系统（普通无固定路线 或时间表）Urbantransit(alsocalledmasstransit)isacommoncarriersserviceprovidedforthecarriageofpassengersandtheirincidentalbaggageonestablishedroutesandfixedschedulesatpublishedratesoffares,andavailabletoallpersonswishingtoavailthemsevesoftheservice.城市轨道交通（亦称公共轨道交通）是一个常见运输服务。它建立行车路线、依据票价修订时刻表使全部些人享受到有益服务，为乘客及其携带行李运输服务。交通工程专业英语裴玉龙课件第27页27/183Part1GeneralfunctiondefinitionsParatransitisaservicethatdeviatesfromtheprecedingdefinitioninthatitmaynotfollowfixedroutesorschedules,maynotbeavailabletothegeneralpublic,orboth.城市辅助客运系统不一样于上述（城市轨道交通）定义，因它不遵照既定路线和时刻表，且对富通大众来讲并不便利。Charterserviceisbasedoncontractsbetweenatransitagencyandindividualsforoccasionalorregularhireofvehiclesanddrivers,isrestrictedtotheuseofthecontractingparty,andfollowswhateverrouteandschedulethispartydesires.包租服务是基于运输代理商与个体之间签署偶然或者定时汽车或司机租赁协议而开展，它受协议签署双方约束，并遵照双方约定路线和时刻表。交通工程专业英语裴玉龙课件第28页28/183Part2Technologicaldefinitionahigh-occupancy-vehicle

高载客量车辆revenue['revənju:] n.税收，收益

rollingstock 全部车辆designates['deziɡneit] vt.指定；指派；标出；把…定名为passengervehicle 客车，客运车辆；载客车辆chassis['ʃæsis] n.底盘，底架propel[prəu'pel] vt.推进；驱使；激励；驱策combustion[kəm'bʌstʃən] n.燃烧，氧化；骚动trolley['trɔli] n.（美）无轨电车（英）有轨电车trolleybus

无轨电车

articulated[ɑ:'tikju:leitid] adj.铰接式；相关节 v.铰接;使相互连贯articulatedbus 通道式双节汽车，双节公交commuter[kə'mju:tə] n.通勤者，经常乘公共车辆往返者haulage['hɔ:lidʒ] n.拖曳；运费；拖运locomotive['ləukə,məutiv] n.&v.机车（）；火车头（）onshare 分摊盈亏mingle['miŋɡl] v.混合，交往交通工程专业英语裴玉龙课件第29页29/183Part3Servicedefinitionadjacent[ə'dʒeisənt] adj.邻近，毗连comprise[kəm'praiz] vt.包含；由…组成short-haul adj.短程，短距离Localtransitisserviceonstreetsorotherright-of-waymakingfrequentstopsand,hence,operatingatrelativelylowspeeds,servingadjacentlanduseswithinacceptablewalkingdistance.Expressserviceisservicethatdoesnotattempttoservealllandareasthroughwhichitpasses,butoffersfasterspeedstoaselectednumberofstopsspacedmorewidelyapart.交通工程专业英语裴玉龙课件第30页30/183Unit8SightDistance视距【stoppingsightdistance】指是从车道中心线上要求视线高度，能看到该车道中心线上高为10cm物体顶点时，沿该车道中心线量得长度。是确保汽车刹车时应该看得见、停得住必要短距离。它分为三种：停车视距、会车视距、超车视距。停车视距：驾驶员在行驶过程中，从看到同一车道上障碍物时，开始刹车抵达障碍物前安全行车最短距离。它由驾驶员在反应时间内车辆行驶距离，开始刹车至停车制动距离和安全距离组成。会车视距：两辆汽车在同一条行车道上相对行驶发觉时来不及或无法错车，只能双方采取制动方法，使车辆在相撞之前安全停车最短距离。超车视距：汽车绕道到相邻车道超车时，驾驶员在开始驶离原行车路线能看到相邻车道上对向驶来汽车，方便在碰到对向驶来车辆之前能超越前车交驶回原车道所需最短距离。交通工程专业英语裴玉龙课件第31页31/183Part1Forewordsadjacent[ə'pəuziŋ] adj.反正确；相正确；对面passingsightdistance 超车视距interval['intəvəl] n.间隔；幕间休息；间距frequentinterval 短时间间隔substantial[səb'stænʃəl] adj.大量；实质；内容充实portion['pɔ:ʃən] n.部分；一份；命运arterial[ɑ:'tiəriəl] adj.动脉；干线；像动脉compatible[kəm'pætəbl] adj.兼容；能共处；可并立criterial[krai'tiəriə] n.标准，条件（criterion复数）pertain[pə:'tein] vi.属于；关于；适合overtake vi.赶上，压倒，超车，突然来袭Conversely,itnormallyisoflittlepracticalvaluetoprovidepassingsightdistanceontwo-laneurbanstreetsorarterials.交通工程专业英语裴玉龙课件第32页32/183Part2Stoppingsightdistanceinstant['instənt] adj.马上；紧急；紧迫 n.瞬间；片刻；马上

necessitate[ni'sesi,teit] vt.使成为必需，需要；迫使traverse['trævəs] n.&v.穿过，横穿，横贯Stoppingsightdistanceisthesumoftwodistances:thedistancetraversedbythevehiclefromtheinstantthedriversightsanobjectnecessitatingastoptotheinstantthebrakesareappliedandthedistancerequiredtostopthevehiclefromthebrakeapplicationbegins.交通工程专业英语裴玉龙课件第33页33/183Part3Designsightdistancesufficient[sə'fiʃənt] adj.足够；充分

inadequate[in'ædikwit] adj.不充分，不适当instantaneous[,instən'teinjəs] adj.即时；瞬间；猝发preclude[pri'klu:d] vt.妨碍；排除；阻止evasive[i'veisiv] adj.逃避；托辞；推托maneuver[mə'nu:və] v.机动，操纵corroborate[kə'rɔbə,reit] vt.证实；使坚固prudent['pru:dənt] adj.慎重；节俭；精明However,thesedistancesareofteninadequatewhendriversmustmakecomplexorinstantaneousdescisions,wheninformationisdifficulttoperceive,orwhenunexpectedorunusualmaneuversarerequired.交通工程专业英语裴玉龙课件第34页34/183Part3Designsightdistanceprudent['pru:dənt] adj.慎重；节俭；精明detect[di'tekt] vt.觉察；发觉；探测clutter['klʌtə] n.杂乱，混乱 vt.使凌乱；胡乱地填满substantially[səb'stænʃəli] adv.实质上；大致上；充分地initiate[i'niʃieit] n.&vt.开始，创始；发起Decisionsightdistanceisthedistancerequiredforadrivertodetectanunexpectedorotherwisedifficult-to-perceiveinformationsourceorhazardinaroadwayenvironmentthatmaybevisuallycluttered,recognizethehazardoritsthreatpotential,selectanappropriatespeedandpath,andinitiateandcompletetherequiredsafelyandefficiently.交通工程专业英语裴玉龙课件第35页35/183Part4Passingsightdistancefortwo-lanehighwayscutoff

切断；中止；使死亡；剥夺继承权inadvanceof 超出；在…前面cautious['kɔ:ʃəs] adj.慎重；十分小心criteria[krai'tiəriə] n.标准，条件（criterion复数)Ifpassingistobeaccomplishedwithsafety,thedrivershouldbeabletoseeasufficientdistanceahead,clearoftraffic,tocompletethepassingmaneuverwithoutcuttingoffthepassedvehicleinadvanceofmeetinganopposingvehicleappearingduringthemaneuver.Whiletheremaybeoccasionstoconsidermultiplepassings,wheretwoormorevehiclespassorarepassed,itisnotpracticaltoassumesuchconditionsindevelopingminimumdesigncriterial.交通工程专业英语裴玉龙课件第36页36/183Part5Sightdistanceformultilandhighwaysmedian['mi:diən] n.中值，中位数；中线

prohibite[ n.禁止reckless['reklis] adj.鲁莽，不顾后果；粗心Thuspassingmaneuversthatrequirecrossingthecenterlineoffour-laneundividedroadwaysorcrossingthemedianoffour-lanedevidedroadwaysarerecklessandshouldbeprohibited.交通工程专业英语裴玉龙课件第37页37/183RoundaboutIntersection道路交叉口两条或两条以上道路相交处。车辆、行人聚集、转向和疏散必经之地，为交通咽喉。所以，正确设计道路交叉口，合理组织、管理交叉口交通，是提升道路通行能力和保障交通安全主要方面。分为：平面交叉口、环形交叉口、立体交叉口交通工程专业英语裴玉龙课件第38页38/183Paragraph1优先控制trafficflow

[交]交通流量trafficmovement 交通流动情况prioritycontrol 优先控制continent['kɔntinənt] n.大陆，洲，陆地Wheretrafficflowsaresmallthenthecontroloftrafficmovementsatintersectionsmaybeachievedbyprioritycontrol.优先控制可在交通流不大交叉口处实现对交通流动情况控制交通工程专业英语裴玉龙课件第39页39/183Paragraph2交叉口形式suburban[sə'bə:bən] adj.土气；郊区，城郊interference[,intə'fiərəns] n.干涉；干扰，冲突pedestrian[pi'destriən] adj.徒步；缺乏想像力 n.行人；步行者pedestrianflow 人流；行人流量at-gradeintersection 平面交叉口grade-separatedjunctions 立体交叉；立体交Astrafficflowsincreasedelayswithprioritycontrolbecomeexcessiveandathighlevelsofflowgrade-separatedjunctionsarenecessary.伴随交通量增加，优先控制交叉口延误将随之增加，所以对于交通量较大交叉口有必要采取分离式立交。交通工程专业英语裴玉龙课件第40页40/183Paragraph3城市交叉口土地占用Ifthisisso,itwillbefoundthatthelandrequiredforalargeislandroundaboutisgreaterthanthatneededfortrafficsignalcontrol.Thisisespeciallytrueifflowsononepairofarmsarelow.假如这么，环岛所需要土地比交通信号控制所需要土地大。尤其是当一支交通流比较小时更是如此。Ontheotherhand,iflandpurchaseisnecessary,itisofteneasiertoacquirecornersites

necessaryforaroundabout

thanthelongnarrowstrips

neededwhenparallelwideningoftrafficsignalapproachesiscarriedout.另首先，已经证实，假如必须购置土地，与信号交叉口入口拓宽所需长条形土地相比，环岛所需边角状土地更轻易取得。交通工程专业英语裴玉龙课件第41页41/183Paragraph5-6交叉口信号灯控制困难toalesserextent

在较小程度上phase[feiz] n.相；位相；阶段（Eitherlatestartorearlycut-offfacilitiesoraspecialphasemustbeprovided）causingreducedoverallcapacityatthejunction.不论实施迟启交通信号、早断交通信号或者提供一个专用相位，都会降低交叉口总通行能力。Trafficsignalcontrolhasdifficultyindeallingwiththree-wayjuctions,especiallywheretheflowsarebalanced.Toalesserextentthisistureofjuctionswithfiveormoreapproaches.交通信号控制在处理三路交叉口，尤其在是交通流各向平衡处就有困难了。五向或者更多向交叉口也是如此但能稍微好一些交通工程专业英语裴玉龙课件第42页42/183Paragraph7交叉口信号灯控制困难utilize['ju:tilaiz] vt.利用ornamental[,ɔ:nə'mentəl] adj.装饰，装饰性 n.观赏植物；装饰品whilst[hwailst] conj.当…时候；有时；同时carriageway n.车道；马路Roundaboutshavebeencommonlyusedincentralcityareaswheretraditionallytheywereusedtoresolvetrafficandpedestrianconflictsinthelargeopensquareswhichexistedintheearlypartofthetwentiethcentury.环形交叉口已在城市中心区域普遍使用，而在20世纪早期宽大广场上，它存在是用来处理交通和行人冲突。交通工程专业英语裴玉龙课件第43页43/183Paragraph7交叉口信号灯控制困难utilize['ju:tilaiz] vt.利用ornamental[,ɔ:nə'mentəl] adj.装饰，装饰性 n.观赏植物；装饰品whilst[hwailst] conj.当…时候；有时；同时carriageway n.车道；马路Increasingtrafficdemandandthepressuretoallowpedestrianstocrossthecarriagewayatsurfacelevelhaveresultedinmanyoftheseroundaboutsbeingconvertedtosignalcontrolsothatmorepositivecontrolovertrafficmovementsonanareawidebasismaybeexercised.交通需求和允许行人在道路表面横穿马路压力日益增大，造成许多这种环岛交叉口转变为信号控制，方便能在区域范围基础上愈加主动地控制交通流动，交通工程专业英语裴玉龙课件第44页44/183Paragraph8郊区环状交叉口设置radial['reidiəl] adj.半径；光线；放射状；besubjectto

受支配；常遭受…；有…倾向besubjecttocompensation 负担赔偿责任besubjecttosth 屈服于某事besubjecttoquestion 还有讨论余地commuterflows 上下班车流Insuburbanareas,roundaboutsarefrequentlyfoundattheintersectionofradialandringtyperoadswheretheyaresubjectedtopeakhourtrafficdemandsduetocommuterflows.在郊区，放射状和环形道路交叉口处，对上下班高峰期交通量有所需求，常设环状交叉口。交通工程专业英语裴玉龙课件第45页45/183Paragraph9城区环状交叉口设置justify['dʒʌstifai] vt.证实…正当(或有道理、合理)；provision[prəu'viʒən] n.供给；供给品；准备；要求Roundaboutsarealsousedonruralroadswheretrafficflowsortheroadtypedonotjustifytheprovisionofagrade-separatedintersection.在分离式立交不能适应交通流和道路行驶所需城市道路上，也会使用环形交叉口。交通工程专业英语裴玉龙课件第46页46/183Paragraph10设置环状交叉口位置directionsign

指路标志；方向引导，方向标diameter[dai'æmitə] n.直径circulate['sə:kjuleit] vi.&vt.循环；流通；传输，流传consequent['kɔnsi,kwənt] n.结果 adj.随之发生；作为结果Withmanyapproaharmsexceedsfourthediameteroftheroundaboutincreases,leadingtopossiblehighercirculatingspeedsandconsequentsafetyproblems.车流支数越多，环形交叉口直径越大，造成循环车流车速可能更高，随之引发安全问题。交通工程专业英语裴玉龙课件第47页47/183Paragraph11设置环状交叉口位置

resolution[,rezə'lu:ʃən] n.[物]分辨率；决议；处理；决心Inadditiontotheresolutionoftrafficconflicts,roundaboutsareemployedwherethereisasignificantchangeinroadtype,achangefromruraltourbanconditionsorwhenasignificantchangeinroaddiractionisrequired.除了用于处理交通冲突，环形交叉口也使用在道路形式有重大改变地方，如从乡村环境向城市环境改变，或者道路方向需要有重大改变地方。交通工程专业英语裴玉龙课件第48页48/183Paragraph12~13环状交叉口类型

signalise['siɡnəlaiz] vt.使…显著；用信号通知kerb[kə:b] n.路缘石，侧石flare[flεə] adj.向外展开（裙、裤）Thedepartmentoftransportdefinesanormalroundaboutasonewhichhasaone-waycirculatorycarriagewayaroundakerbedcentralisland4mormoreindiameterandusuallywithflaredapproachestoallowmltiplevehicleentry.交通部把普通环形交叉口定义为围绕中心岛单向环形车道，中心岛直径大于4m且由侧石围砌而成，环形道四面连接有允许各种车辆进入各向引道入口交通工程专业英语裴玉龙课件第49页49/183Paragraph14微型环状交叉口flush[flʌʃ] adj.大量；齐平，浪费 n.激动，洋溢；面红；旺盛；奔流flushwith 因…而脸红；因…而兴奋；与...齐平

slightly

['slaitli] adv.些微地，轻微地；纤细地mph（milesperhour） 每小时英里数deflection

[di'flekʃən] n.偏向；挠曲；偏差kerbline 路缘线Physicaldeflectionofvehiclepathstotheleft,animportentfactorinroundaboutsafety,maybedifficultinurbanjunctionswithfixedkerblinesandinthesecircumstancesroadmarkingsshouldbeusedtoinducesomevehicledeflection.车辆路径物理偏差向左，环形交叉路口安全一个主要原因可能在设有既定路缘线城市交叉口出现困难，在这种情况下，建设道路时就该考虑车辆偏差。交通工程专业英语裴玉龙课件第50页50/183Paragraph14微型环状交叉口

dome[dəum] vi.成圆顶状n.圆屋顶

runover v.辗过；浏览，在...上驶过pedal['pedl] a.&n.&v.脚踏板，自行车pedalcyclist

骑自行车者Ifspacewithinthejunctionisverylimitedthenthecentralislandwillbefrequentlyrunoverbylargevehiclesandinthesecasestheislandisnormallyflushwiththeroadsurface.若交叉口内空间很受局限，大型车辆也常会从中心环岛上驶过，在这种情况下，环岛通常设置与路面齐平。TheDepartmentofTransportadvisethatpedalcyclistsmayexperiencedifficultyandifthereareasubatantialnumberofcyclistspassingthroughthejunctionthenthesignalcontrolmaybepreferable.交通运输部提议，骑自行车者可能在经过交叉口时感觉不适，且假如有大量自行车经过交叉口，用信号灯控制可能愈加好。交通工程专业英语裴玉龙课件第51页51/183Paragraph15双环形交叉口

contiguous[kən'tiɡjuəs] adj.连续；毗邻；接触staggered['stægəd] adj.错列；吃惊realign[,ri:ə'lain] vi.重新排列；再结盟；改组；重组scissor['sizə] n.剪刀improvinganexistingstaggeredjunctionwhereitavoidstheneedtorealignoneoftheapproachroad改进既存在错列交叉点，预防重新设置某条道路引道unusualjunctionssuchasscissorsjunctions不常见剪刀型交叉点joiningtwoparallelroutesseparatedbyariver,railwayormotorwayexistingcrossroadswhereopposingright-turningmovementscanbeseparatedoverloadedsinglerounabouts连接因河流、铁路或者机动车道分离两条平行路线在超负荷环形独立交叉口处设十字交叉分流反向右转车辆交通工程专业英语裴玉龙课件第52页52/183Paragraph16大型环形交叉口存在问题处理conversion

[kən'və:ʃən] n.转换；变换；改变信仰；兑换clockwise['klɔkwaiz] adj.&adv.顺时针方向conversion[kən'və:ʃən] n.转换；变换；改变信仰；兑换adequate['ædikwit] adj.适当；胜任；充分signpost['sainpəust] n.路标；指示牌Asolutiontotheproblemoflargeroundaboutswhereentriesareapproachingcapacitymaysometimesbefoundbyconversiontoaringjunctionwheretheusualclockwisecirculationofvehiclesroundalargeislandisreplacedbytow-waycirculationwiththree-armminiroundaboutsatthejunctionofeachapproacharmwiththecirculatorycarriageway.大型环岛交叉口入口处进入环岛能力所存在问题，有时可经过转变为环状交叉点方式处理，即车辆通常顺时针围绕环岛而行，代替为在环形道路入口点处设置有三向支路双向循环小型环形交叉。交通工程专业英语裴玉龙课件第53页53/183Paragraph17~18车辆进入环形交叉口dumb[dʌm] adj.哑，不说话，无声音dumb-bell 哑铃

desirable

[di'zaiərəbl] adj.合意；满足需要；适当liable['laiəbl] adj.有责任，有...倾向；易…rear

[riə] n.&adj.&adv.后部；后面；后方rearendcollision 追尾，头尾相撞merge[mə:dʒ] v.合并视；融合；吞没lookovershoulder 线从车后窗看过去，回头看Whenroundaboutsarebeingdesigneditisusualtoadd

atleastoneadditionallaneattheentryoftheapproachroadstothecirculatingareawithamaximumadditionoftwolanesandamaximumentrywidthoffourlanes.环形交叉口在设计时通常为循环区域在引道入口处加设最少一车道附加车道，最多两车道，入口处最宽为四车道宽。交通工程专业英语裴玉龙课件第54页54/183Paragraph19车辆进入环形交叉口alignment[ə'lainmənt] n.队列，成直线；校准；结盟Safetyatroundaboutsisenhancedbylimitingcirculatingspeedsandthisisachievedingeometricdesignbyentrypathcurvature,whichisameasureofthevehiclepathdeflectiontotheleftimposedonvehiclesenteringthecirculatingarea.环形交叉口安全性提升是经过限制循环速度来实现，这又是经过在几何设计上设置入口路径曲率实现，路径曲率是对进入循环区域车辆轨迹左偏差测量值。Thepathofvehiclestravelingstraightthroughtheroundaboutisdrawnwithaflexiblecurvesothatitisthecenterlineofthemostrealisticpaththatavehiclewouldtakeinitscompletepassagethroughthejunctiononasmoothalignmentwithoutsharptransitions.车轮以大轨迹路径直穿过环形交叉口路径，能够看做是最真实施驶轨迹中心线，因为车辆能够按照其完整通路，不拐急弯平稳地列队穿过交叉点。交通工程专业英语裴玉龙课件第55页55/183Paragraph20~22

inscribe[in'skraib] vt.内切；写上；刻铭；内接inscribedcircle n.[数]内切圆

approximately

[ə'prɔksimitli] adv.大约，近似地；近于交通工程专业英语裴玉龙课件第56页56/183ReinforcementinConcreteRoadSlabs交通工程专业英语裴玉龙课件第57页57/183Paragraph1引言

stress[stres] n.担心；压力，应力dealwith 处理；包含；和…相关；论及reinforcement[,ri:in'fɔ:smənt] n.强化；支援；援军；钢筋

steelreinforcement 钢筋，钢条omission[əu'miʃən] n.疏忽，遗漏；省略；冗长Thepreviousdiscussiononstressconsiderationhasdealtonlywithplainroadslabs,andnomentionhasbeenmadesofaroftheeffectsoftheintroductionofsteelreinforcement.以前讨论只针正确是混凝土路面板应力问题，到当前为止还未提及加入加强钢筋效果。交通工程专业英语裴玉龙课件第58页58/183Paragraph2加强钢筋作用

reinforce[,ri:in'fɔ:s]