2020年度大学英语四级考试真题模拟新编

大学英语四级考试真题新编

资料仅供参考

12月大学英语四级考试真题

PartIWriting(30minutes)

Directions：Forthispart,youareallowed30minutesto

writeashortessayentitledHowShouldParentsHelp

ChildrentoBeIndependent?Youshouldwriteatleast

150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow.

1.当前不少父母为孩子包办一切

2.为了让孩子独立，父母应该……

HowShouldParentsHelpChildrentoBeIndependent?

PartIIReadingComprehension(Skimmingand

Scanning)(15minutes)

Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogo

overthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionson

AnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebest

answerfromthefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and

[D].Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswith

theinformationgiveninthepassage.

AGrassrootsRemedy

资料仅供参考

Mostofusspendourlivesseekingthenaturalworld.

Tothisend,wewalkthedog,playgolf,gofishing,sitin

thegarden,drinkoutsideratherthaninsidethepub,

haveapicnic,liveinthesuburbs,gototheseaside,buy

aweekendplaceinthecountry.Themostpopular

leisureactivityinBritainisgoingforawalk.Andwhen

joggers（慢跑者）jog,theydon'trunthestreets.Every

oneoftheminstinctivelyheadstotheparkortheriver.

Itismyprofoundbeliefthatnotonlydoweallneed

nature,butweallseeknature,whetherweknowwe

aredoingsoornot.

Butdespitethis,ourchildrenaregrowingup

nature-deprived（丧失）.Ispentmyboyhoodclimbing

treesonStreathamCommon,SouthLondon.These

days,childrenarerobbedoftheseancientfreedoms,

duetoproblemslikecrime,traffic,thelossoftheopen

spacesandoddnewperceptionsaboutwhatisbestfor

children,thatistosay,thingsthatcanbebought,

ratherthanthingsthatcanbefound.

Thetruthistobefoundelsewhere.AstudyintheUS:

familieshadmovedtobetterhousingandthechildren

wereassessedforADHD-attentiondeficit

资料仅供参考

hyperactivitydisorder（多动症）.Thosewhose

accommodationhadmorenaturalviewsshowedan

improvementof19%;thosewhohadthesame

improvementinmaterialsurroundingsbutnoniceview

improvedjust4%.

AstudyinSwedenindicatedthatkindergartenchildren

whocouldplayinanaturalenvironmenthadless

illnessandgreaterphysicalabilitythanchildrenused

onlytoanormalplayground.AUSstudysuggestedthat

whenaschoolgavechildrenaccesstoanatural

environment,academiclevelswereraisedacrossthe

entireschool.

Anotherstudyfoundthatchildrenplaydifferentlyina

naturalenvironment.Inplaygrounds,childrencreatea

hierarchy（等级）basedonphysicalabilities,withthe

toughonestakingthelead.Butwhenagrassyareawas

plantedwithbushes,thechildrengotmuchmoreinto

fantasyplay,andthesocialhierarchywasnowbased

onimaginationandcreativity.

Mostbullying（恃强凌弱）isfoundinschoolswhere

thereisatarmac（柏油碎石）playground;theleast

bullyingisinanaturalareathatthechildrenare

资料仅供参考

encouragedtoexplore.Thisremindsmeunpleasantly

ofSunnyhillSchoolinStreatham,withitsharshtarmac,

whereIusedtohangaboutincornersfantasisingabout

wildlife.

Butchildrenarefrequentlydiscouragedfrom

involvementwithnaturalspaces,forhealthandsafety

reasons,forfearthattheymightgetdirtyorthatthey

mightcausedamage.So,instead,thedamageisdone

tothechildrenthemselves:nottotheirbodiesbutto

theirsouls.

Oneofthegreatproblemsofmodernchildhoodis

ADHD,nowincreasinglyandexpensivelytreatedwith

drugs.Yetonestudyafteranotherindicatesthat

contactwithnaturegiveshugebenefitstoADHD

children.However,wespendmoneyondrugsrather

thanongreenplaces.

Thelifeofoldpeopleismeasurablybetterwhenthey

haveaccesstonature.Theincreasingemphasisforthe

growingpopulationofoldpeopleisinqualityrather

thanquantityofyears.Andstudyafterstudyfindsthat

agardenisthesinglemostimportantthinginfinding

thatquality.

资料仅供参考

Inwiderandmoredifficultareasoflife,thereis

evidencetoindicatethatnaturalsurroundingsimprove

allkindsofthings.Evenproblemswithcrimeand

aggressivebehaviorarereducedwhenthereiscontact

withthenaturalworld.

DrWilliamBird,researcherfromtheRoyalSocietyfor

theProtectionofBirds,statesinhisstudy,“Anatural

environmentcanreduceviolentbehaviorbecauseits

restorativeprocesshelpsreduceangerandimpulsive

behavior."Wildplacesneedencouragingforthisreason,

nomatterhowsmalltheircontribution.

Wetendtolookonnatureconservationassomekind

offavorthathumanbeingsaregrantingtothenatural

world.Theerrorhereisfartoodeep:notonlydo

humansneednatureforthemselves,buttheveryidea

thathumanityandthenaturalworldareseparable

thingsisprofoundlydamaging.

Humanbeingsareaspeciesofmammals（哺乳动物）.

Forsevenmillionyearstheylivedontheplanetaspart

ofnature.Ourancestralselvesmissthenaturalworld

andlongforcontactwithnon-humanlife.Anyonewho

haspattedadog,strokedacat,satunderatreewitha

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pintofbeer;givenorreceivedabunchofflowersor

chosentowalkthroughtheparkonaniceday,

understandsthat.

Weneedthewildworld.Itisessentialtoour

well-being,ourhealth,ourhappiness.Withoutthe

wildworldwearenotmorebutlesscivilized.Without

otherlivingthingsarounduswearelessthanhuman.

Fivewaystofindharmonywiththenaturalworld

Walk:Breaktherhythmofpermanentlybeingundera

roof.Getoffastopearlier,makeacircuitoftheparkat

lunchtime,walkthechildtoandfromschool,getadog,

feelyourselfmovinginmovingair;look,listen,absorb.

Sit:Takeamoment,everynowandthen,tobestillin

anopenspace.Inthegarden,anywherethat/snotin

theoffice,anywhereoutofthehouse,awayfromthe

routine.Situnderatree,lookatwater,feelrefreshed,

eversoslightlyrenewed.

Drink:Thebestwaytoenjoythenaturalworldisby

yourself;thesecondbestwayisincompany.Takea

drinkoutsidewithagoodperson,agoodgathering:

talkwiththesunandthewindwithbirdsongfor

background.

资料仅供参考

Learn:Expandyourboundaries.Learnfivespeciesof

bird,fivebutterflies,fivetrees,fivebirdsongs.That

way,youseeandhearmore:andyourmindresponds

gratefullytothegreateramountofwildnessinyour

life.

Travel:Theplacesyoualwayswantedtovisit:bythe

seaside,inthecountry,inthehills.Takeaweekend

break,aday-trip,getoutthereanddoit:forthe

scenery,forthewaythroughthewoods,forthebirds,

forthebees.Gosomewherespecialandbring

specialnesshome.Itlastsforever,afterall.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

1.Whatistheauthor'sprofoundbelief?

[A]Peopleinstinctivelyseeknatureindifferentways.

[B]Peopleshouldspendmostoftheirlivesinthewild.

[C]Peoplehavequitedifferentperceptionsofnature.

[D]Peoplemustmakemoreeffortstostudynature.

2.Whatdoestheauthorsaypeoplepreferfortheir

childrennowadays?

[A]Personalfreedom.

[B]Thingsthatarenatural.

[C]Urbansurroundings.

资料仅供参考

[D]Thingsthatarepurchased.

3.WhatdoesastudyinSwedenshow?

[A]Thenaturalenvironmentcanhelpchildrenlearn

better.

[B]Moreaccesstonaturemakeschildrenlesslikelyto

fallill.

[C]Agoodplaygroundhelpskidsdeveloptheirphysical

abilities.

[D]Naturalviewscanpreventchildrenfromdeveloping

ADHD.

4.Childrenwhohavechancestoexplorenaturalareas

[A]tendtodevelopastrongloveforscience

[B]aremorelikelytofantasiseaboutwildlife

[C]tendtobephysicallytougherinadulthood

[D]arelesslikelytobeinvolvedinbullying

5.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestwedotohelpchildren

withADHD?

[A]Findmoreeffectivedrugsforthem.

[B]Providemoregreenspacesforthem.

[C]Placethemundermorepersonalcare.

[D]Engagetheminmoremeaningfulactivities.

资料仅供参考

6.Inwhatwaydoelderlypeoplebenefitfromtheir

contactwithnature?

[A]Theylookonlifeoptimistically.[C]Theyareableto

livelonger.

[B]Theyenjoyalifeofbetterquality.[D]Theybecome

good-humoured.

7.DrWilliamBirdsuggestsinhisstudythat.

[A]humanityandnaturearecomplementarytoeach

other

[B]wildplacesmayinduceimpulsivebehaviourin

people

[C]accesstonaturecontributestothereductionof

violence

[D]ittakesalongtimetorestorenatureoncedamaged

8.Itisextremelyharmfultothinkthathumanityand

thenaturalworldcanbe.

9.Theauthorbelievesthatwewouldnotbesocivilized

without・

10.Thefivesuggestionstheauthorgivesattheendof

thepassagearemeanttoencouragepeopletoseek

withthenaturalworld.

PartIIIListeningComprehension(35minutes)

资料仅供参考

SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8short

conversationsand2longconversations.Attheendof

eachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeasked

aboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthe

questionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestion

therewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustread

thefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D],and

decidewhichisthebestanswer.Thenmarkthe

correspondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasingle

linethroughthecentre.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

11.[A]Themanshouldvisitthemuseums.[C]The

beachresortisagoodchoice.

[B]Shecan'tstandthehotweather.[D]Sheenjoys

stayinginWashington.

12.[A]Hernewresponsibilitiesinthecompany.

[B]Whatherjobprospectsare.

[C]Whatthecustomers'feedbackis.

[D]Thedirector/sopinionofherwork.

13.[A]Combinehertrainingwithdieting.

[B]Repeatthetrainingeverythreedays.

资料仅供参考

[C]Avoidexcessivephysicaltraining.

[D]Includeweightliftingintheprogram.

14.[A]Whenshewillreturnhome.

[B]Whethershecangobyherself.

[C]Whethershecantravelbyair.

[D]Whenshewillcompletelyrecover.

15.[A]Thewomanknowshowtodealwiththepolice.

[B]Thewomanhadbeenfinedmanytimesbefore.

[C]Thewomanhadviolatedtrafficregulations.

[D]Thewomanisgoodatfindingexcuses.

16.[A]Switchofftherefrigeratorforawhile.

[B]Havesomeonerepairtherefrigerator.

[C]Askthemantofixtherefrigerator.

[D]Buyarefrigeratorofbetterquality.

17.[A]Heownsapieceoflandinthedowntownarea.

[B]Hehasgotenoughmoneytobuyahouse.

[C]Hecanfinallydowhathehasdreamedof.

[D]Heismovingintoabiggerapartment.

18.[A]Sheisblackandblueallover.

[B]Shehastogotoseeadoctor.

[C]Shestayedawayfromworkforafewdays.

[D]Shegothurtinanaccidentyesterday.

资料仅供参考

Questions19to21arebasedontheconversationyou

havejustheard.

19.[A]Shewasabankmanager.

[B]Shewasavictimoftherobbery.

[C]Shewasadefencelawyer.

[D]Shewasawitnesstothecrime.

20.[A]Atallmanwithdarkhairandamoustache.

[B]Ayouthwithadistinguishingmarkonhisface.

[C]Athirty-year-oldguywearingalightsweater.

[D]Amedium-sizedyoungmancarryingagun.

21.[A]Identifythesuspectfrompictures.[C]Haveher

phototakenfortheirfiles.

[B]Goupstairstosignsomedocument.[D]Verifythe

recordofwhatshehadsaid.

Questions22to25arebasedontheconversationyou

havejustheard.

22.[A]Byreadinganewspaperad.[C]Bylisteningto

themorningnews.

[B]ByseeingacommercialonTV.[D]Bycallingan

employmentservice.

23.[A]Shecouldimproveherforeignlanguages.

[B]Shecouldworkclosetoherfamily.

资料仅供参考

[C]Shecouldtraveloverseasfrequently.

[D]Shecoulduseherpreviousexperiences.

24.[A]Takingmanagementcourses.[C]Workingasa

secretary.

[B]TeachingEnglishatauniversity.[D]Studyingfora

degreeinFrench.

25.[A]Prepareforaninterviewinacoupleofdays.

[B]Readtheadvertisementagainformoredetails.

[C]Sendinawrittenapplicationassoonaspossible.

[D]Gettoknowthecandidatesontheshortlist.

SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3short

passages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhear

somequestions.Boththepassageandthequestions

willbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,

youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoices

marked[A],[B],[C]and[D].Thenmarkthe

correspondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasingle

linethroughthecentre.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

PassageOne

Questions26to29arebasedonthepassageyouhave

资料仅供参考

justheard.

26.[A]Theycannotseethefirefightersbecauseofthe

smoke.

[B]Theydonotrealizethedangertheyarein.

[C]Theycannothearthefirefightersforthenoise.

[D]Theymistakethefirefightersformonsters.

27.[A]HetravelsalloverAmericatohelpputoutfires.

[B]Heoftenteacheschildrenwhattododuringafire.

[C]HeteachesSpanishinaSanFranciscocommunity.

[D]Heprovidesoxygenmaskstochildrenfreeof

charge.

28.[A]Hesavedthelifeofhisbrotherchokingonfood.

[B]Herescuedastudentfromabigfire.

[C]Heisverygoodatpublicspeaking.

[D]Hegivesinformativetalkstoyoungchildren.

29.[A]FirefightersplayanimportantroleinAmerica.

[B]Kidsshouldlearnnottobeafraidofmonsters.

[C]Carelessnesscanresultintragedies.

[D]Informativespeechescansavelives.

PassageTwo

Questions30to32arebasedonthepassageyouhave

justheard.

资料仅供参考

30.[A]Tosatisfytheneedsoftheirfamily.

[B]Tofullyrealizetheirpotential.

[C]Tomakemoneyforearlyretirement.

[D]Togainasenseoftheirpersonalworth.

31.[A]Theymayhavetocontinuetoworkinoldage.

[B]Theymayregretthetimetheywasted.

[C]Theymayhavenobodytodependoninthefuture.

[D]Theymayhavefewerjobopportunities.

32.[A]Makingwiseuseofyourtime.

[B]Enjoyingyourselfwhileyoucan.

[C]Savingasmuchasyoucan.

[D]Workinghardandplayinghard.

PassageThree

Questions33to35arebasedonthepassageyouhave

justheard.

33.[A]Hardworkingstudentsbeingaccusedof

cheating.

[B]Boystudentsbeingoftentreatedaslaw-breakers.

[C]Innocentpeoplebeingsuspectedgroundlessly.

[D]Junioremployeesbeingmadetoworkovertime.

34.[A]Forbiddingstudentstotakefoodoutofthe

restaurant.

资料仅供参考

[B]Requestingcustomerstopaybeforetakingthe

food.

[C]Askingcustomerstoleavetheirbagsonthe

counters.

[D]Allowingonlytwostudentstoenteratatime.

35.[A]Hewastakentothemanager.[C]Hewasasked

toleave.

[B]Hewascloselywatched.[D]Hewasovercharged.

SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethree

times.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,you

shouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthe

passageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredto

fillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withthe

exactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumbered

from44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissing

information.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusethe

exactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthe

mainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthe

passageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheck

whatyouhavewritten.

注意：此部分试题在答题卡2上作答。

资料仅供参考

Writingkeepsusintouchwithotherpeople.Wewrite

tocommunicatewithrelativesandfriends.Wewriteto

(36)preserveourfamilyhistoriessoourchildren

andgrandchildrencanlearnand(37)aDDreciate

theirheritage(传统).WithcomputersandInternet

connectionsinsomany(38)households,colleges,

business,peoplee-mailingfriendsandrelativesallthe

time—ortalkingtotheminwritinginonline(39)chat

rooms.Itischeaperthancallinglongdistance,andalot

more(40)convenientthanwaitinguntilSundayfor

thetelephone(41)ratestodrop.Studentsare

e-mailingtheirprofessorsto(42)receiveanddiscuss

theirclassroomassignmentsandto(43)submit

them.Theyaree-mailingclassmatestodiscussand

collaborate(合作)onhomework.(44)Thevare

alsosharinqinformationaboutconcerts

andsportsevents,aswellasiokesand

theiruhilosouhiesoflife.Despitethegrowing

importanceofcomputers,however,therewillalways

beaplaceandneedforthepersonalletter.(45)A

hand-writtennotetoafriendorafamilv

memberisthebestwavtocommunicate

资料仅供参考

importanttlwucihts.Nomatterwhatthecontent

ofthemessage,itsrealpointis,“Iwantyoutoknow

thatIcareaboutyou.”(46)Thiswritingpractice

brinqsrewardsthatcan'tbeseeninbank

accounts,butonlyinthesuccessofhuman

relationships.

PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)

(25minutes)

SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithten

blanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeach

blankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbank

followingthepassage.Readthepassagethrough

carefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoicein

thebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Pleasemarkthe

correspondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2

withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuse

anyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.{15选10

填空)

Questions47to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

资料仅供参考

Whatdeterminesthekindofpersonyouare?What

factorsmakeyoumoreorlessbold,intelligent,orable

toreadamap?Alloftheseareinfluencedbythe

interactionofyourgenesandtheenvironmentinwhich

youwere47.Thestudyofhowgenesandenvironment

interacttoinfluence48activityisknownasbehavioral

genetics.Behavioralgeneticshasmadeimportant49to

thebiologicalrevolution,providinginformationabout

theextenttowhichbiologyinfluencesmind,brainand

behavior.

Anyresearchthatsuggeststhat50toperformcertain

behaviorsarebasedinbiologyiscontroversial.Who

wantstobetoldthattherearelimitationstowhatyou

can51basedonsomethingthatisbeyondyourcontrol,

suchasyourgenes?Itiseasytoacceptthatgenes

controlphysicalcharacteristicssuchassex,raceand

eyecolor.Butcangenesalsodeterminewhether

peoplewillgetdivorced,how52theyare,orwhat

careertheyarelikelytochoose?Aconcernof

psychologicalscientistsisthe53towhichallofthese

characteristicsareinfluencedbynatureandnurture（养

育），bygeneticmakeupandtheenvironment.

资料仅供参考

Increasingly,science54thatgeneslaythegroundwork

formanyhumantraits.Fromthisperspective,people

areborn55likeundevelopedphotographs:Theimage

isalreadycaptured,butthewayit56appearscanvary

basedonthedevelopmentprocess.However,thebasic

pictureistherefromthebeginning.（240字）

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

[A]abilities[I]extent

[B]achieve[J]indicates

[C]appeal[K]proceeds

[D]complaints[L]psychological

[E]contributions[M]raised

[F]displayed[N]smart

[G]essentially[O]standard

[H]eventually

SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Each

passageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinished

statements.Foreachofthemtherearefourchoices

marked[A],[B],[C]and[D].Youshoulddecideonthe

bestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteron

AnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

资料仅供参考

PassageOne

Questions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Itisprettymuchaone-waystreet.Whileitmaybe

commonforuniversityresearcherstotrytheirluckin

thecommercialworld,thereisverylittletrafficinthe

oppositedirection.Payhasalwaysbeenthebiggest

deterrent,aspeoplewithfamiliesoftenfeelthey

cannotaffordthedropinsalarywhenmovingtoa

universityjob.Forsomeindustrialscientists,however;

theattractionsofacademia（学术界）outweighany

financialconsiderations.

HelenLeetooka70%cutinsalarywhenshemoved

fromaseniorpostinAbbottLaboratoriestoamedical

departmentattheUniversityofCambridge.Hermain

reasonforreturningtoacademiamid-careerwasto

takeadvantageofthegreaterfreedomtochoose

researchquestions.Someareasofinquiryhavefew

prospectsofacommercialreturn,andLee'sisoneof

them.

Theimpactofasalarycutisprobablylessseverefora

scientistintheearlystagesofacareer.GuyGrant,now

aresearchassociateattheUnileverCentrefor

资料仅供参考

MolecularInformaticsattheUniversityofCambridge,

spenttwoyearsworkingforapharmaceutical（制药的）

companybeforereturningtouniversityasa

post-doctoralresearcher.Hetooka30%salarycutbut

feltitworthwhileforthegreaterintellectual

opportunities.

Higheruptheladder,whereapaycutisusuallymore

significant,thedemandforscientistswithawealthof

experienceinindustryisforcinguniversitiestomake

thetransition（转换）toacademiamoreattractive,

accordingtoLee.Industrialscientiststendtoreceive

trainingthatacademicsdonot,suchashowtobuilda

multidisciplinaryteam,managebudgetsandnegotiate

contracts.Theyarealsowellplacedtobringsomething

extratotheteachingsideofanacademicrolethatwill

helpstudentsgetajobwhentheygraduate,saysLee,

perhapsexperienceinmanufacturingpracticeor

productdevelopment."Onlyasmallnumberof

undergraduateswillcontinueinanacademiccareer.So

someoneleavinguniversitywhoalreadyhastheskills

neededtoworkinanindustriallabhasfarmore

potentialinthejobmarketthansomeonewhohas

资料仅供参考

spentalltheirtimeonanarrowresearchproject/7(360

字)

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

57.By"aone-waystreet^(Line1,Para.1),theauthor

means.

[A]universityresearchersknowlittleaboutthe

commercialworld

[B]thereislittleexchangebetweenindustryand

academia

[C]fewindustrialscientistswouldquittoworkina

university

[D]fewuniversityprofessorsarewillingtodoindustrial

research

58.Theword"deterrent”(Line2,Para.1)most

probablyreferstosomethingthat.

[A]keepssomeonefromtakingaction[C]attracts

people'sattention

[B]helpstomovethetraffic[D]bringssomeonea

financialburden

59.WhatwasHelenLee'smajorconsiderationwhen

shechangedherjobinthemiddleofhercareer?

[A]Flexibleworkhours.[C]Herpreferenceforthe

资料仅供参考

lifestyleoncampus.

[B]Herresearchinterests.[D]Prospectsofacademic

accomplishments.

60.GuyGrantchosetoworkasaresearcherat

Cambridgeinorderto.

[A]dofinanciallymorerewardingwork

[B]raisehisstatusintheacademicworld

[C]enrichhisexperienceinmedicalresearch

[D]exploitbetterintellectualopportunities

61.Whatcontributioncanindustrialscientistsmake

whentheycometoteachinauniversity?

[A]Increaseitsgraduates7competitivenessinthejob

market.

[B]Developitsstudents'potentialinresearch.

[C]Helpittoobtainfinancialsupportfromindustry.

[D]Gearitsresearchtowardspracticalapplications.

PassageTwo

Questions62to66arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Beingsociablelookslikeagoodwaytoaddyearsto

yourlife.Relationshipswithfamily,friends,neighbours,

evenpets,willalldothetrick,butthebiggestlongevity

（长寿）boostseemstocomefrommarriageoran

资料仅供参考

equivalentrelationship.Theeffectwasfirstnotedin

1858byWilliamFarr,whowrotethatwidowsand

widowers（鳏夫）wereatamuchhigherriskofdying

thantheirmarriedpeers.Studiessincethensuggest

thatmarriagecouldaddasmuchassevenyearstoa

man'slifeandtwotoawoman,s.Theeffectholdsfor

allcausesofdeath,whetherillness,accidentor

self-harm.

Eveniftheoddsarestackedagainstyou,marriagecan

morethancompensate.LindaWaiteoftheUniversity

ofChicagohasfoundthatamarriedoldermanwith

heartdiseasecanexpecttolivenearlyfouryearslonger

thananunmarriedmanwithahealthyheart.Likewise,

amarriedmanwhosmokesmorethanapackadayis

likelytoliveaslongasadivorcedmanwhodoesn't

smoke.There/saflipside,however,aspartnersare

morelikelytobecomeillordieinthecoupleofyears

followingtheirspouse'sdeath,andcaringforaspouse

withmentaldisordercanleaveyouwithsomeofthe

samesevereproblems.Evenso,theoddsfavour

marriage.Ina30-yearstudyofmorethan10,000

people,NicholasChristakisofHarvardMedicalSchool

资料仅供参考

describeshowallkindsofsocialnetworkshavesimilar

effects.

Sohowdoesitwork?Theeffectsarecomplex,affected

bysocio-economicfactors,health-serviceprovision,

emotionalsupportandothermorephysiological（生理

的）mechanisms.Forexample,socialcontactcanboost

developmentofthebrainandimmunesystem,leading

tobetterhealthandlesschanceofdepressionlaterin

life.Peopleinsupportiverelationshipsmayhandle

stressbetter.Thentherearethepsychologicalbenefits

ofasupportivepartner.

Alifepartner;childrenandgoodfriendsareall

recommendedifyouaimtoliveto100.Theultimate

socialnetworkisstillbeingmappedout,butChristakis

says:"Peopleareinterconnected,sotheirhealthis

interconnected.”（365字）

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

62.WilliamFair'sstudyandotherstudiesshowthat

[A]sociallifeprovidesaneffectivecureforillness

[B]beingsociablehelpsimproveone'squalityoflife

[C]womenbenefitmorethanmenfrommarriage

资料仅供参考

[D]marriagecontributesagreatdealtolongevity

63.LindaWaite'sstudiessupporttheideathat

[A]oldermenshouldquitsmokingtostayhealthy

[B]marriagecanhelpmakeupforillhealth

[C]themarriedarehappierthantheunmarried

[D]unmarriedpeoplearelikelytosufferinlaterlife

64.Itcanbeinferredfromthecontextthatthe"flip

side'7(Line4,Para.2)refersto.

[A]thedisadvantagesofbeingmarried

[B]theemotionalproblemsarisingfrommarriage

[C]theresponsibilityoftakingcareofone'sfamily

[D]theconsequenceofabrokenmarriage

65.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutsocialnetworks?

[A]Theyhaveeffectssimilartothoseofamarriage.

[B]Theyhelpdeveloppeople'scommunityspirit.

[C]Theyprovidetimelysupportforthoseinneed.

[D]Theyhelprelievepeopleoftheirlife/sburdens.

66.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?

[A]It/simportantthatwedevelopasocialnetwork

whenyoung.

[B]Tostayhealthy,oneshouldhaveapropersocial

资料仅供参考

network.

[C]Gettingadivorcemeansriskingareducedlifespan.

[D]Weshouldshareoursocialnetworkswitheach

other.

PartVCloze(15minutes)

Direction