2021届新高考英语模拟汇编02 阅读理解之说明文二 解析版

2021届新高考数学备考艺考生百日冲刺

专题02阅读理解之说明文（二）

一、（湖北省华中师范大学第一附属中学2021届高三期中）

“ACAREERBOOKaboutAsians?Aren'ttheydoingfine...?”SobeginsBreakingtheBambooCeiling,avery

largescholarlybookbyJaneHyunpublishedin2005.BecauseAsian-Americanshadhigherincomesandeducation

levelsandcommittedfewercrimesthantheiraveragecountrymen,theywereseenasamodelminority.Despitethis,

theyrarelyrosetothetopofcompanies.Amixofindividual,culturalandorganizationalbarriers—the“bamboo

ceiling^^ofthebook'stitle—seemedtoprohibitthemfromrising.

FifteenyearslaterAsiansarestillunder-iepresented.Inthetechnologysectors,Asiansmakeupover30%ofthe

workersbutlessthan15%ofbosses.In2017Asiansmadeuproughly6%ofthecountry'spopulationbutonly3%of

thebossesofS&P500（标准普尔500指数）firms.

SomeprominentAsiansrunbigcompanies.ArvindKrishnaisIBM'snewboss.SatyaNadellarunsMicrosoft

andSundarPichaileadsAlphabet.ButfewotherAsianshavejoinedtheirranks-and,revealingly,thesestarsall

haveIndianroots.TherearefewerSouthAsiansinAmericathanEastAsians,buttheystillmadeup13ofall16Asian

S&P500CEOs.

WhyaretheresofewAsiansamongAmerica'sbusinesselite?Andifabambooceilingistoblame,whydo

SouthAsiansbreakthroughmoreeasily?ThesequestionsarethefocusofastudybyJacksonLuofMITSloanSchool

ofManagementandcolleagues,whosurveyedhundredsofseniorexecutivesandbusiness-schoolstudents.They

foundthatwhilediscriminationexists,itisnotdestiny.SouthAsiansenduregreaterracismthanEastAsiansbutstill

outperformevenwhites（ifsuccessisweighedagainstshareofpopulation）.Theirresearchalsorulesoutlackof

ambition:agreatershareofAsiansthanwhitesendeavorforhigh-statusjobs.

Thatleavesculture.TheresearchersconcludethatSouthAsianstendtobemoredeterminedandconfidentthan

EastAsiansinhowtheycommunicateatwork,whichfitsWesternconceptsofhowaleadershouldbehave.Thesame

tendencyforconfidentremarksfeaturedin“TheArgumentativeIndian'\abookbyAmartyaSen,aNobel-prize

winningeconomist.TheresearchersoweEastAsians*silencetoConfucianvaluesofmodestyandrespectforsocial

ranking.Sometimesbraveryandbombastareneededtobreakbamboo.

12.Whatdoes"bambooceiling,,referto?

A.ThetopofanAmericantechnologycompany.

B.AroofmadeofbambootypicalofAsianbuildings.

C.PromotionobstaclesfacingAsianemployeesinAmerica.

D.TheinvisiblediscriminationagainstAsiansintheUSA.

13.Whatdoes“under-represented“inParagraph2mean?

A.Lackingrepresentatives.B.Hardtoshowtheirtalents.

C.Beingunderestimated.D.Unabletolandajob.

14.AccordingtoJacksonLu,whatmainlyaccountsforfewerpromotionsofEastAsiansthanSouthAsians?

A.Asmallpopulation.B.Discrimination.C.Lackofambition.D.Culture.

15.WhydoSouthAsianssucceedinAmericanbusinessmoreeasily?

A.Westernpeopleprefermodestytoconfidenceincommunication.

B.TheconfidencetheydemonstrateconsistswithWesternleadership.

C.Theyenduregreaterracismandbecomemoreambitious.

D.Theirambitionurgesthemtoendeavorforhigh-statusjobs.

【答案】

12.C

13.A

14.D

15.B

【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章以一本名为《BreakingtheBambooCeiling》的书为引入，指出「在美

国的亚洲员工面临晋升障碍的社会现象，同时南亚人比东亚人更容易晋升，分析了产生这一现象背后的种

种原因。

12.细节理解题。根据第一段中uBecauseAsian-Americanshadhigherincomesandeducationlevelsand

committedfewercrimesthantheiraveragecountrymen,theywereseenasamodelminority.Despitethis,theyrarely

rosetothetopofcompanies.Amixofindividual,culturalandorganizationalbarriers一the"bambooceiling,,ofthe

book'stitle-seemedtoprohibitthemfromrising.（由于亚裔美国人的收入和教育水平更高，犯罪行为也比一

般同胞少，他们被视为模范少数族裔。尽管如此，他们很少能升到公司的高层。个人、文化和组织的障碍

----书名中的“bambooceiling”------混合在•起，似乎阻止了他们的晋升）”可知，ubambooceilingv指的

是在美国的亚洲员工面临的晋升障碍。故选C。

13.词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“Inthetechnologysectors,Asiansmakeupover30%oftheworkersbut

lessthan15%ofbosses.In2017Asiansmadeuproughly6%ofthecountry'spopulationbutonly3%ofthebossesof

S&P500（标准普尔500指数）firms.（在科技行业，亚洲人占员工总数的30%以匕但占老板总数的不到15%。

2017年，亚洲人约占美国人口的6%,但在标准普尔500指数成分股公司的老板中，亚洲人只占3%）”可知，

15年后，亚洲人在行业中仍然没有得到充分的代表，即亚洲人缺乏代表。故画线词意思为“缺乏代表”。

故选Ao

14.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“SouthAsiansenduregreaterracismthanEastAsiansbutstill

outperformevenwhites（ifsuccessisweighedagainstshareofpopulation）.Theirresearchalsorulesoutlackof

ambition:agreatershareofAsiansthanwhitesendeavorforhigh-slalusjobs.（南亚人忍受着比东亚人更严重的种

族主义，但表现仍然超过白人一一如果成功与人口比例相比较的话。他们的研究也排除了缺乏雄心壮志的

可能性：努力获得高职位的亚洲人比白人要多）”以及最后一段中“Thalleavescullure.（这样一来就只剩下文

化这种原因）”可推知，根据JacksonLu的研究，东亚人升职比南亚人少的主要原因是文化。故选D。

15.细节理解题。根据最后一段中“TheresearchersconcludethatSouthAsianstendtobemoredetermined

andconfidentthanEastAsiansinhowtheycommunicateatwork,whichfitsWesternconceptsofhowaleadershould

behave.（研究人员得出的结论是，南亚人在工作中的沟通方式往往比东亚人更有决心和自信，这符合西方关

于领导者的行事概念）”可知，南亚人更容易在美国商业中成功，是因为他们表现出的信心与西方领导一致。

故选B。

二、（湖北省龙泉中学、荆州中学、宜昌一中2021届高三联考）

WorldNoTobaccoDayiscelebratedeach31stofMay.Theaimistobringattentiontothegrowinguseof

tobaccoanditsdeadlyeffects.TheWorldHealthAssemblyestablishedtheeventin1987.Thisyear,special

attentionisbeinggiventotheharmfuleffectsoftobaccomarketingtowomenandgirls.

TheWHOsaysthetobaccoindustryhasincreasinglydirecteditsmarketingcampaignsatwomenandgirls.

Studyshowsthatwomencunentlyrepresentabouttwentypercentofsmokerswhiletobaccouseamonggirlsis

increasing.Datacollectedfrom151countriesshowthataboutsevenpercentofyounggirlsnowsmoke.That

compareswithtwelvepercentofboys.Insomecountries,however,theratesarealmostequal.

Almost170countrieshavesignedanagreementcalledtheFrameworkConventiononTobaccoControlwhich

callsonthosegovernmentstobantobaccoadvertisingtothefullesttoprotectwomen.Theagreementseeksto

reducethedemandandsupplyoftobaccoproducts.Thisyearmarksthefifthanniversarysincethetreatywentinto

effect.Uptonow,eightypercentofthesignershavebannedthesaleoftobaccoproductstoyoungpeople.Seventy

percenthaverequiredhealthwarningsontobaccoproducts.

EventsareplannedinanumberofcountriestomarkWorldNoTobaccoDay.Manyoftheeventsareaimedat

persuadingpeople,especiallytheyoung,nottostartsmoking.Othersaimtoeducatepeopleaboutthemanyhealth

benefitsofgivingupsmoking.

TheWorldHealthOrganizationsaystobaccokillsnearlyfiveandahalfmillionpeopleayearandhasbecome

atopcauseofdeathworldwide.Itisestimatedthatsofarintheworldonebillionpeoplesmoke.Morethaneighty

percentoftobaccousersliveinlowandmiddleincomecountries.TheWHOestimatesthattobaccousecausedone

hundredmilliondeathsinthetwentiethcentury.Ifcurrentratescontinue,thatnumbercouldreachonebillioninthis

century.

28.ThefollowingaboutWorldNoTobaccoDayistrueexcept.

A.itwasstartedbytheWorldHealthAssemblyB.itiscelebratedinMayeveryotheryear

C.itwarnspeopleofthedangersofsmokingD.itismeanttoprotectwomenandgirlsthisyear

29.AccordingtoWHO,tobaccoindustryistoblamebecause.

A.ithasmanagedtoincreasesalesoftobaccoamongwomenandgirls

B.ithashiredmorewomenandgirlstohelpwiththeadvertisement

C.itsellsitstobaccoatalowerpricetowomenandgirls

D.itonlycollectsdatafrommorethan151countries

30.FrameworkConventionismadeto.

A.increasetobaccoproductionB.improvethewayoftobaccoadvertising

C.protectwomenfromthedangersofsmokingD.estimatethedemandoftobaccoproducts

31.Whathashappenedfiveyearsaftertheagreementcameintobeing?

A.Thesaleoftobaccototheyoungisbannedinmostofthesigners.

B.Eightypercentofthesignershaveprintedwarningsontobaccoproducts.

C.Seventypercentofthesignersarepersuadingoldpeoplenottostartsmoking.

D.Fewsignershavetoldpeopletheadvantageofgivingupsmoking.

【答案】

28.B

29.A

30.C

31.A

【解析】本文是•篇说明文。主要介绍了各国响应世界无烟日的情况，此次世界无烟日特别关注吸烟

对女性的危害。世界卫生组织表示，烟草业越来越多地将其营销活动对准妇女和女孩。就此问题，近170

个国家签署了一项名为《烟草控制框架公约》的协议，呼吁各国政府全面禁止烟草广告，以保护妇女。到

目前为止，80%的签名者已经禁止向年轻人出售烟草产品。

28.细节理解题。根据第一段中WorldNoTobaccoDayiscelebratedeach31stofMay.可知每年的5月31

I」是世界无烟II。由此可知，关于世界无烟H的说法中，B选项“每两年在五月庆祝一次”说法错误。故选B。

29.推理判断题。根据第二段中TheWHOsaysthetobaccoindustryhasincreasinglydirecteditsmarketing

campaignsatwomenandgirls.可知世界卫生组织表示，烟草业越来越多地将其营销活动对准妇女和女孩。由

此可知，烟草企业设法增加在妇女和女孩中的销售量，所以它应该受到谴责。故选A。

30.细节理解题。根据第三段中的Almost170countrieshavesignedanagreementcalledtheFramework

ConventiononTobaccoControlwhichcallsonthosegovernmentstobantobaccoadvertisingtothefullestto

protectwomen.可知近170个国家签署了一项名为《烟草控制框架公约》的协议，呼吁各国政府全面禁止烟

草广告，以保护妇女。由此可知，制定框架公约是为了保护妇女免受吸烟的危害。故选C。

31.细节理解题。根据第三段中Thisyearmarksthefifthanniversarysincethetreatywentintoeffect.Upto

now,eightypercentofthesignershavebannedthesaleoftobaccoproductstoyoungpeople.可知今年是该条约生

效5周年。到目前为止，80%的签名者已经禁止向年轻人出售烟草产品。由此可知，协议达成五年后，大多

数签名者禁止向年轻人出售烟草。故选A。

三、（湖北省龙泉中学、荆州中学、宜昌一中2021届高三联考）

Machinesmightonedayreplacehumanlaborersinanumberofprofessions,butsurelytheywon'tever

replacehumanartists.Right?

Thinkagain.Notevenourartistswillbesafefromtheinevitablemachinetakeover,ifanewdevelopmentin

artificialintelligence（AI）byateamofresearchersfromRutgersUniversityandFacebook'sAIlaboffersaclueof

what'stocome.TheyhavedesignedanAIcapableofnotonlyproducingart,butactuallyinventingwholenew

aesthetic（美学的）stylessimilartomovementslikeimpressionismorabstractexpressionism.Theidea,accordingto

researcherMarianMazzone,wastomakeartthatis"novel,butnottoonovel”.

Themodelusedinthisprojectinvolvesageneratornetwork,whichproducestheimages,andadiscriminator

network,which“judges”whetherit'sart.Oncethegeneratorlearnshowtoproduceworkthatthedistributor

recognizesasart,it'sgivenanadditionalinstruction:toproduceartthatdoesn'tmatchanyknownaestheticstyles.

“Youwanttohavesomethingreallycreativeandstriking—butatthesametimenottogotoofarandmake

somethingthatisn'taestheticallypleasing,“explainedAhmedElgammaL

Theartthatwasgeneratedbythesystemwasthenpresentedtohumanjudgesalongsidehuman-producedart

withoutshowingwhichwaswhich.Totheresearchers5surprise,themachine-madeartscoredslightlyhigheroverall

thanthehuman-producedart.

Ofcourse,machinescan'tyetreplacethemeaningconveyedinworksbyhumanartists,butthisprojectshows

thatartistskillsetscertainlyseemreproduciblebymachines.

Whatwillittakeformachinestoproducecontentwithmeaning?ThatmightbethelastAIfrontier.Human

artistscanatleasthangtheirhatsinthatfieldfornow.

"Imaginehavingpeopleoverforadinnerpartyandtheyask,'Whoisthatby?5Andyousay,'Well,it'sa

machineactually/Thatwouldbeaninterestingconversationstarter,saidKevinWalker.

32.Whatisimpliedinthesecondparagraph?

A.Artistswon'tbereplacedbyAI.B.AIcanproducenewstylesofart.

C.AIistotallyatalossaboutimpressionism.D.AIfailstoreflectabstractexpressionism.

33.WhatdidMarianfindinhisstudy?

A.AIcanpleasehumanjudgeswithitsart.B.AIcancombinecontentwithmeaning.

C.AIcanmakeartaestheticallyunpleasant.D.AIcancreatehighqualityarts.

34.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“hangtheirhats"mean?

A.Discover.B.Hold.C.Struggle.D.Appear.

35.WhatKevinsaidinthelastparagraphtellsusthat.

A.sheusesmachinestocookforapartyB.shelikestojoininadinnerparty

C.sheexpectsthearrivalofAID.shecaresaboutthestarterofachat

【答案】

32.B

33.D

34.B

35.C

【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要说明「研究发现，人工智能不仅可以复制艺术家的绘画技巧，而且

能创造新的艺术风格。介绍了这•研究开展的过程，虽然人工智能目前还不能创作出有内涵的艺术作品，

但这个项目表明，艺术家的技能似乎当然可以被机器复制。

32.推理判断题。根据第二段中TheyhavedesignedanAIcapableofnotonlyproducingart,butactually

inventingwholenewaeslhelic（美学的）stylessimilartomovementslikeimpressionismorabstractexpressionism.

可知他们设计的人工智能不仅能够创造艺术，而且还能发明全新的美学风格，类似于印象派或抽象表现主

义的运动。由此可推知，第二段暗含的意思是人工智能能够创造新的艺术风格。故选B。

33.细节理解题o根据第五段Theartthatwasgeneratedbythesystemwasthenpresentedtohumanjudges

alongsidehuman-producedartwithoutshowingwhichwaswhich.Totheresearchers'surprise,themachine-made

artscoredslightlyhigheroverallthanthehuman-producedart.可知由该系统生成的艺术作品会与人类创作的艺

术作品一起呈现给人类裁判，而不会显示哪个艺术作品是谁创作的。让研究人员惊讶的是，机器制作的艺

术品的总体得分略高于人工制作的艺术品。由此可知，Marian在研究中发现，人工智能可以创造高水平的

艺术品.故选D。

34.词义猜测题。根据划线词上文Whatwillittakeformachinestoproducecontentthafsinfusedwith

meaning?ThatmightbethelastAIfronlier.可知对于机器来说，还需要什么才能生产出有内涵的东西呢？那可

能是人工智能最后的未涉及的地方。由此可知，机器人不能生产出有内涵的东西，这是人工智能最后的未

涉及的地方，所以人类画家至少现在还能够坚守在那里。故hangone'shat意思是“坚守、坚持"。A.Discover.

发现；B.Hold.坚持,坚守；C.Struggle.挣扎;D.Appear.出现。故选B。

35.推理判断题。根据最后一段“Imaginehavingpeopleoverforadinnerpartyandtheyask,"Whoisthat

by?'Andyousay,'Well,it'samachineactually.9Thatwouldbeaninterestingconversationstarter,saidKevin

Walker.可知1"想象一下，请别人来家里参加晚宴，他们问，‘那是谁?‘你会说，，嗯，实际上它是一台机器。’

这将是一个有趣的话题，“KevinWalker说。由此可推知，Kevin在幻想未来人工智能应用到家庭中的场景，

说明她期待人工智能的到来。故选C。

四、（湖北省龙泉中学、荆州中学、宜昌一中2021届高三联考）

Ifyouarecrazyaboutpaintings,youshouldn'tmissthefollowingfourfamousmasterpieceswhichhavestood

thetestoftime.

TheArnolfiniPortrait

JanvanEyck'sArnolfiniPortrait,anoilpaintingonwoodproducedin1434,inwhichamanandawoman

holdhandswithawindowbehindhimandabedbehindher,isundoubtedlyoneofthemasterpiecesintheNational

Gallery,London.Thispaintingisasvisuallyinterestingasitisfamed.Itisalsoaninformativedocumenton

fifteenth-centurysociety,throughJanvanEyck'sheavyuseofsymbolism——whilehusbandswentouttoengagein

business,wivesconcernedthemselveswithdomesticduties.

TheStarryNight

VincentvanGoghpaintedTheStarryNight,oiloncanvas（帆布），amoderatelyabstractlandscapepaintingof

anexpressivenightskyoverasmallhillsidevillage,duringhis12-monthstayatthementalhospitalnear

Saint-Remy-de-Provence,Francebetween1889and1890.WhentheMuseumofModernArtinNewYorkCity

purchasedthepaintingfromaprivatecollectorin1941,itwasnotwellknown,butithassincebecomeoneof

VincentvanGogh'smostfamousworks.

TheHarvesters

TheHarvestersisanoilpaintingonwoodcompletedbyPieterBruegeltheElderin1565.Itdemonstratesthe

harvesttimewhichmostcommonlyoccurredwithinthemonthsofAugustandSeptember.NicolaesJonghelinck,a

merchantbankerandartcollectorfromAntwerp,commissionedthispainting.Thepaintinghasbeenatthe

MetropolitanMuseumofArtinNewYorkCitysince1919.

Guernica

Guernica,alargeblack-and-whiteoilpainting,waspaintedbytheCubistSpanishpainter,PabloPicassoin

1937.Thetitle“Guernica"referstothecitythatwasbombedbyNaziplanesduringtheSpanishCivilWar.The

paintingdemonstratesthehorrorsofwarandasaresult,hascometobeananti-warsymbolandareminderofthe

tragediesofwar.Today,thepaintingishousedattheMuseoNacionalCentrodeArteReinaSofaiinMadrid.

21.Whichofthefollowingpaintingswasproducedlatest?

A.TheArnolfiniPortrait.B.TheStarryNight.

C.TheHarvesters.D.Guernica.

22.Whocreatedthepaintingdescribingtheharvesttime?

A.PieterBruegeltheElder.B.VincentvanGogh.

C.JanvanEyck.D.PabloPicasso.

23.Whatcanweknowaccordingtothepassage?

A.InJanvanEyck'stime,husbandswerealsoresponsibleforhousework.

B.NicolaesJonghelinckenjoyedthesamereputationasPieterBruegeltheElder.

C.TheStarryNightwasn'twidelyrecognizedbefore1941.

D.GuernicaiscollectedattheMetropolitanMuseumofArtinNewYork.

【答案】

21.D

22.A

23.C

【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了四幅名画从扬凡艾克的肖像画到巴物罗毕加的杰作。它们都经

受住了时间的考验。

21.细节理解题。本题题干意为：下列哪幅画是最近创作的?根据第二段TheAmolfiniPortrait中的Janvan

Eyck'sAmolfiniPortrait,anoilpaintingonwoodproducedin1434,第三段TheStarryNight中的duringhis

12-monthstayatthementalhospitalnearSaint-Remy-de-Provence,Francebetween1889and1890.第四段The

HarvestersTheHarvestersisanoilpaintingonwoodcompletedbyPieterBruegeltheElderin1565.和第五段

Guerica中的Guernica,alargeblack-and-whiteoilpainting,waspaintedbytheCubistSpanishpainter,Pablo

Picassoin1937.由此可知,TheAmolfiniPortrait是最早创作的。故选Do

22.细节理解题。本题题干意为：这幅描绘丰收季节的画是谁创作的?根据TheHarvesters中的The

HarvestersisanoilpaintingonwoodcompletedbyPieterBruegeltheElderin1565.《收获者》是幅木刻油画，由

PieterBruegeltheElder于1565年完成。可知PieterBruegeltheElder的画TheHarvesters描绘了丰收季节的。

故选Ao

23.推理判断题。本题题干意为：根据这篇文章，我们能知道什么?根据TheStarryNight中的When（he

MuseumofModemArtinNewYorkCitypurchasedthepaintingfromaprivatecollectorin1941,itwasnotwell

known,butithassincebecomeoneofVincentvanGogh*smostfamousworks.可知，当纽约现代艺术博物馆从一

位私人收家手中买下这幅画时,它并不为人所知但后来却成了梵高最名的作品之-O由此推测，TheStarry

Night在1941年之前没有被广泛认可，故选C。

五、（湖南省衡阳市第一中学2021届高三期中）

Electriccarsaregettingcheaperandtheirsalesareontherise,buttheirfuturesuccessmaydependon

abandoningakeyingredient:theheavymetalcobalt（钻）.Themineralisusedinlithium-ion（锂离子）batteriesthat

powermostelectriccars,anddemandfbritissteadilyincreasing.AnewanalysisbyElsaOlivettiatthe

MassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyhasfoundthattheremaybecobaltshortagesifwedon*tstartrefining（提炼）

andrecyclingitmoreefficientlyoringreaterquantities.Sheestimatesthatglobaldemandforcobaltwillriseto

between235,000and430,000tonnesby2030—anamountthatisatleast1.6timestheworld'scurrentabilityto

refinethemetal,asof2016figures.

Cobaltisoftenproducedasaby-productofcopperornickelmining.Itisexpensive,ataround$33,000pertonne,

andalsocomeswithahumancost.Mostoftheworld'ssupply—60percent-comesfromtheDemocraticRepublic

oftheCongo,wheremininghasbeenlinkedtochildlabouranddeaths.

Thenewanalysissuggestsshort-termcobaltsupplyisadequate,butthatmoreminingexploration,suchasinthe

ocean,isrequired.Inaddition,wewillneedtospeedupcobaltrecyclingbyrecoveringitfrombatteriesinunusable

electriccars,laptopsandmobilephones.Anotheroptionistoshifttobatteriesthatuselesscobalt,ornoneatall.Elon

Musk'scarfirmTeslaisintalkswithbatterymanufacturerCATLtouseentirelycobalt-freebatteriesinits

China-madecars.

Lithium-ionbatteriesinelectriccarscommonlyuseeitherlithiumnickelcobaltaluminiumoxideorlithium

nickelmanganesecobaltoxidefortheirabilitytoprovideahighenergydensity——akeyfactorinhowfaranelectric

carcangoonasinglecharge.Forshort-rangecarsmadeandsoldinChina,Teslaclaimsthatitwillinsteaduselithium

ironphosphate（LiFePO4）（磷酸铁锂）batteries,whicharemuchche叩erandhavealongerlifespan（寿命）.Besides,

theyhavelessofanenvironmentalimpactcomparedwiththoseneedingcobalt.Thedisadvantageisthattheytendto

havealowerenergydensity,reducinghowfaracarcantravelwithoutneedingtobecharged.

LiFePO4batteriesarealreadywidelyusedbyotherChinesefirms,includingBYD,theworld'sbiggestelectric

carmanufacturer.Ifotherelectriccarmanufacturersfollowinternationally,wemaybeabletoreduceourdependence

onalimitedmineralresource.

8.WhatisElsaOlivetti'sprediction?

A.Cobaltwillbeneededbadly.

B.Cobaltwillberecycledefficiently.

C.Cobaltwillberefinedinadifferentway.

D.Cobaltwillbereplacedbyotherheavymetals.

9.Whatisasuggestedsolutiontocobaltshortages?

A.Turningtorenewableenergysources.

B.ChoosingbatteriesproducedbyTesla.

C.Decreasingthenumberofprivatevehicles.

D.Makingthebestuseofabandonedbatteries.

10.Comparedwithlithium-ionbatteries,LiFePO4batteries.

A.aremoreexpensiveB.aremoreeco-friendly

C.havefewerlifecyclesD.offermoreusableenergy

11.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.Cobalt:anewchoiceforbatteries

B.Howdolithium-ionbatterieswork?

C.Teslavs.BYD:atoughcompetition

D.Canelectriccarskickthecobalthabit?

【答案】

8,A

9.D

10.B

11.D

【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了，电动汽车越来越便宜，销量也在上升，但未来电动汽车的成

功可能取决于放弃一种关键成分：重金属钻。

8.细节理解题。由第一段中的"AnewanalysisbyElsaOlivettiattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology

hasfoundthattheremaybecobaltshortagesifwedon'tstartrefining（提炼）andrecyclingitmoreefficientlyorin

greaterquantities."（麻省理工学院ElsaOlivetti的•项新分析发现，如果我们不开始提炼并更有效地回收利

用大量钻，可能会出现钻短缺。），可知ElsaOlivetti预测我们会出现钻短缺，即我们急需钻。故选A项。

9,细节理解题。由第三段中的uInaddition,wewillneedtospeedupcobaltrecyclingbyrecoveringitfrom

batteriesinunusableelectriccars,laptopsandmobilephones.M（此外，我们还需要加快钻的回收,从无法使用

的电动车、笔记本电脑和手机的电池中回收。），可知人们可以充分利用各种废弃电子产品的废弃电池回

收利用钻。故选D项。

10.细节理解题。由第四段中的"Forshort-rangecarsmadeandsoldinChina,Teslaclaimsthatitwillinstead

uselithiumironphosphate（LiFePO4）（磷酸铁锂）batteries,whicharemuchcheaperandhavealongerlifespan（寿

命）.Besides,theyhavelessofanenvironmentalimpactcomparedwiththoseneedingcobalt."（对于在中国制造

和销售的短程汽车，特斯拉声称将改用LiFePO4电池，这种电池更便宜，寿命更长。此外，与需要钻的相

比，它们对环境的影响更小。），可知LiFePO4更加环保。故选B项。

11.主旨大意题。由第一段中的aElectriccarsaregettingcheaperandtheirsalesareontherise,buttheir

futuresuccessmaydependonabandoningakeyingredient:theheavymetalcobalt（钻）.”（电动汽车越来越便宜，

销量也在上升，但它们未来的成功可能取决于放弃一种关键成分：重金属钻。）和第一段后文讲的“Elsa

Olivetti预测我们会出现钻短缺”，第二段讲“钻开采很贵，与刚果童工和死亡有关”，第三段讲“钻短缺

的建议解决方案”，第四段讲“钻的替代品LiFePO4,它便宜、寿命长，但能量密度较低”，最后一段讲

“LiFePO4在中国其他公司的广泛使用，作者希望其他电动汽车制造商也用LiFePO4"，可知未来电动汽

车的成功取决于放弃钻，未来会出现钻短缺，钻不仅贵，还不环保，LiFePO虽有优点，但也有缺点，不是

所有电动汽车制造商都用LiFePO,因此本文讲的是电动汽车用不用钻的问题，D项“电动汽车能不依赖钻

吗？”为短文的最佳标题。故选D项。

六、（湖南省衡阳市第一中学2021届高三期中）

RealHotelsFeaturedinMovies

TimberlineLodge

Featuredin:TheShining

LocatedonthesouthsideofMountHood,Oregon,TimberlineLodgewasusedforsomeshotsofthefictional

OverlookHotelinthis1980horrorfilm,basedonStephenKing'sbest-sellingnovel.Hotelmanagementasked

directorStanleyKubricknottoshowroom217（featuredclearlyinthebook）,concernedthatfutureguestswould

avoidstayingthere.Anonexistentroomnumber237wasusedinstead.Suiprisingly,room217isnowrequestedmore

thananyotherroom.

ParkHyattTokyo

Featuredin:LostinTranslation

LocatedinthelivelyShinjukudistrict（地区），ParkHyattTokyoisaprimarysettingforSofiaCoppola'sfilm

LostinTranslation.TakeadrinkattheNewYorkBaronthehoteFstopfloor（whereBillMurray'sBobHarrisspends

mostofhisevenings）andenjoywonderful360-degreeviewsofthecityandMountFuji.

JuvetLandscapeHotel

Featuredin:ExMachina

Thissci-fithrillertakesplaceattheremote,ultra-modernhomeoftechcompanyCEONathanBateman,the

inventorofahighlyadvancedhumanoidrobot.HisamazinghouseisactuallytheJuvetLandscapeHotelinValldalen,

Norway.Designedtoblendinwith（与...协'调）theenvironment,thehotel'sroomsfeaturenaturalmaterialsand

floor-to-ceilingglasswindows.

ThePlazaHotel

Featuredin:HomeAlone2:LostinNewYork

AfteraccidentallyboardingaflighttoNewYorkwhiletherestofhisfamilyheadstoFlorida,1O-year-oldKevin

McCallisterchecksintothePlazaHotel.Forthe25thanniversaryofHomeAlone2,thehotelisofferingaspecial

“LiveLikeKevin"package,whichincludesanover-the-topicecreamsundaedeliveredtoyourroom.ThePlaza

Hotelhasbeenfeaturedinseveralotherfilms,includingNorthbyNorthwest,SleeplessinSeattleandTheGreat

Gatsby.

1.WhywasStanleyKubrickrequiredtouseroomnumber237?

A.Forsafetyconcerns.B.Forwelfareconcerns.

C.Foraculturalreason.D.Foraneconomicreason.

2.Whichhotelshouldyouchooseifyouwanttoenjoyamountainview?

A.ThePlazaHotel.B.ParkHyattTokyo.

C.TimberlineLodge.D.JuvetLandscapeHotel.

3.HowisthePlazaHoteldifferentfromtheotherthreehotels?

A.Itislocatedinabigcity.

B.Ithasbranchesallovertheworld.

C.Ithasappearedinmorethanonefilm.

D.Itisdesignedinharmonywithnature.