高考英语二轮复习第1板块专题1阅读理解第3节五类题材集训学案（含解析）

第3节五类题材集训题材一广告宣传类考查要点方法技巧1.广告宣传的目的。2．广告中提及的时间、地点、人物。3．所介绍的事物、产品的特征。4．所宣传的活动、项目的内容及其作用。1.浏览标题，了解大意。2．找准关键词、关键句，把握住细节。3．通过分析、对比，筛选出可用信息。A篇(2018·石家庄市模拟)InterestingExhibitionsHeldinFourDifferentMuseums◆Name:theBritishPhone：020－7323－8000Website：Openinghours：daily10a．m.－5：30p．m.Price:FreeThisexhibitionaimstoshowthemysteriesofmummification(干尸化)．Fromaking'sdaughtertoatempledoorkeeper，thedisplaysexploretheidentitiesofeightpeople，usingtheirbodiestodiscovercluesabouthowtheylived.Byusingnewmethods，suchasCTscanningand3Dvisualization，theBritishMuseumhasbeenabletobuildupapictureoflifeintheNilevalleyover4,000years，fromprehistoricEgypttoChristianSudan.◆Name：theFashionandTextilePhone：020－7407－8664Website：Openinghours:daily11a．m.－5:30p．m.Price:￡8.80adults，￡5.50studentsThisFashionandTextileMuseumishousingthefirst-everexhibitionoftheclassicMexicanshawl(披肩)，whichbecamefamousinthe20thcentury.Artists，photographersandfashionandtextiledesignerswillbeexhibitingtheircolorfulworksthere.◆Name：theVictoriaandAlbertPhone：020－7942－2000Openinghours：daily10a．m.－5：45p．m.；Fri.10a．m.－10p．m.Price：FreeTheVictoriaandAlbertMuseumhasdugoutsomeoftheirmostcharmingweddingdressestorecordtheirhistoryduringthepasttwocenturies.WhiteweddingdressesweremadepopularbyQueenVictoriainthenineteenthcentury.Seebeautifulweddingdressesmadebyfamousdesigners.◆Name：theSciencePhone：020－7942－4000Openinghours:daily10a．m.－6p．m.Price:FreeThisfour-dayfestivaldisplaysthelatestexcitinggadgetsandintroducestheirinventors.Visitorscanexploreelectronics,buildrobots，gethands-onexperienceswithnewtechnologiesandhaveagoat3Dprinting.Therewillbedisplaystakingplacethroughoutthefestival，whichissuitableforanyoneagedtenandover.【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四个英国博物馆的展览，包括博物馆的联系电话、网址、展出时间、票价，重点介绍了展览的内容和特色。1．Whichnumberwouldyoucallifyou'reinterestedinexploringhistorywithmoderntechnologies?A．020－7323－8000. B．020－7407－8664.C．020－7942－2000. D．020－7942－4000.A[考查细节理解。根据题干关键词“exploringhistorywithmoderntechnologies”定位至第一部分最后一句“Byusingnewmethods，suchasCTscanningand3Dvisualization，theBritishMuseumhasbeenabletobuildupapictureoflifeintheNilevalleyover4,000years，fromprehistoricEgypttoChristianSudan”，据此可知，大英博物馆的这一次展出使用CT扫描、三维可视化等高科技手段探索四千年以来的尼罗河河谷生活风貌；根据联系电话可知A项正确。]2．Whichmuseumcanyouvisitifyouarefreeat8p．m.onFriday?A．TheBritishB．TheFashionandTextileC．TheVictoriaandAlbertD．TheScienceC[考查细节理解。根据题干关键词“at8p．m.onFriday”定位至每个展览的时间介绍；根据第三部分中的“Openinghours：daily10a．m.－5：45p．m.；Fri.10a．m.－10p．m.”可知，该博物馆在周五从上午十点到晚上十点都有展出；据此可知，在周五晚上八点可以去维多利亚和阿尔伯特博物馆，故C项正确。]3．WhatcanwelearnabouttheScienceA．Theexhibitionwilllastaweek.B．ItdisplaysCTscanningtechnology.C．Visitorsthemselvescantrynewtechnologies.D．Moreinformationcanbefoundatvam.ac.uk.C[考查细节理解。根据最后一部分第二句“Visitorscanexploreelectronics，buildrobots，gethands-onexperienceswithnewtechnologiesandhaveagoat3Dprinting”可知，游客们可以探索电子设备、制造机器人、体验新技术、尝试3D打印技术；据此可知，游客可以自己尝试新技术，故C项正确。]B篇(2018·东北三省四市联合模拟)EPPortableHeaterWeallknowthatthecostofheatingourhomeswillcontinuetobeasignificantburdenonthefamilybudget.NowmillionsofpeoplearesavingontheirheatingbillswiththeEPportableheater.WithoveronemillionsatisfiedcustomersaroundtheworldthenewEPheatsbetterandfaster，savesmoreonheatingbillsandrunsalmostsilent.TheEPhasnoexposedheatingpartsthatcancauseafire.TheoutsideoftheEPonlygetswarmtothetouchsothatitwillnotburnchildrenorpets.TheEPwillnotreduceoxygenintheroom.Withotherheatersyou'llnoticethatyougetsleepywhentheheatcomesonbecausetheyareburningupoxygen.TheadvancedEPalsoheatstheroomevenly,walltowallandfloortoceiling.Itcomfortablycoversanareaupto350squarefeet.Otherheatersheatroomsunevenlywithmostoftheheatconcentratedtothecenteroftheroom.Andtheyonlyheatanareaafewfeetaroundtheheater.WiththeEP，thetemperaturewillnotvaryinanypartoftheroom.TheEPcomeswitha3-yearwarranty(保修)anda60-day,noquestionsasked，satisfactionguarantee.Ifyouarenottotallysatisfied，returnitatourexpenseandyourmoneywillbegivenbacktoyou.Nowwehaveaspecialofferfor10days，duringwhichyoucanenjoyahalfpricediscountandafreedelivery.Ifyouorderafterthatwereservetherighttoeitheracceptorrejectorderrequestsatthediscountedprice.Takeactionrightnow!【语篇解读】无可比拟的高强性能，无与伦比的优质服务，无法想象的优惠价格，一款新型便携式加热器惊艳亮相！机不可失，时不再来，心动不如行动，此时不买，更待何时？4．WhatismainlydiscussedinParagraph2?A．TheheatoftheEP.B．ThesafetyoftheEP.C．TheappearanceoftheEP.D．ThematerialoftheEP.B[考查段落主旨。本段提到这种加热器没有可以引起火灾的外露部件，它的外部不会烧伤孩子或宠物，由此可知本段主要讨论的是这种加热器的安全性。]5．FromthepassagewecanlearnthattheEP.A．doesn'tburnupoxygenB．runswithoutanynoiseC．makespeoplegetsleepyD．isunsuitableforchildrenandpetsA[考查推理判断。第三段第一句提到这种加热器不会减少室内的氧气，下一句提到其他的加热器会因燃烧掉氧气而让你感到昏昏欲睡，由此可推断出这种加热器不消耗氧气，也不会让人昏昏欲睡，故A项正确，C项错误；根据第一段最后一句中的“runsalmostsilent”可判断出B项不正确；根据第二段的最后一句可知D项错误。故选A。]6．Theunderlinedword“evenly”inParagraph4probablymeans.A．continuously B．separatelyC．quickly D．equallyD[考查词义猜测。本段提到这种先进的加热器的覆盖面积多达350平方英尺，而其他的加热器的大部分热量只集中在房屋的中央，再结合本段最后一句的内容可推测出这种加热器可以把热量“均衡”地散发到房间中，故选D。]7．Themainpurposeofthepassageisto.A．persuadepeopletobuytheproductB．advisepeopletosaveonheatingbillsC．reportthenewdevelopmentofportableheatersD．comparethefunctionsofdifferentheaterbrandsA[考查写作意图。文章先是叙述了这种加热器的种种优点，接着提到了优质服务和价格折扣，再结合最后一段中的内容可知，本文意在劝说人们购买这种产品。]C篇(2018·东莞市质检)BORDERCROSSINGSWhiletherearenorestrictionsontheamountofmoneythatyoucanbringacrosstheborder,youmustreporttoboththeUSandCanadianborderservicesamountsequaltoorgreaterthan$10,000.PERSONALEXEMPTIONS(免税)ONPURCHASESAMERICANSRETURNINGTOTHEU．S.Lessthan48hours：U.S.$20048hoursormore：U.S.$800duty-freepersonalexemption.nextU．S.$1,000at3%Includingupto100cigarsand100cigarettes.CANADIANSRETURNINGTOCANADALessthan24hours:CAN$5048hoursormore:CAN$400Includingupto100cigarsand200cigarettes.7daysormore:CAN$750Includingupto100cigarsand200cigarettes.DOCUMENTATIONNEEDEDFORBORDERCROSSINGLANDORSEATOTHEUS(INCLUDINGFERRIES)Avalidpassportorpassportcard,oraNEXUScard.(ANEXUScardisaTrustedTravelerProgramthatprovidesquicktravelforpre-approved，lowrisktravelersthroughspeciallanes.)ArecentWashingtonState,Note:Children15yearsofageandyoungerrequireonlyabirthcertificateorcopy.(Certifiedcopiesarenotrequiredbutareadvised.)AIRTRAVELTOTHEU．S.Avalidpassport,anAirNEXUScard,oraU．S.CoastGuardMerchantMarineDocument.【语篇解读】本文属于广告类短文，主要介绍了过边境时所要注意的诸多事项。8．IfaCanadianwhoisona7-daytriptoNewYorkbuysCAN$800worthofgoods,howmuchshouldhepaytaxonwhenreturninghome?A．CAN$800. B．CAN$750.C．CAN$400. D．CAN$50.D[考查细节理解。根据文中CanadiansReturningToCanada的要求7daysormore：CAN$750Includingupto100cigarsand200cigarettes.$750CAN是免税的，剩余的50加元的东西要交关税。]9．ForanAmericancitizenona2-daytourofCanada,howmuchtaxdoeshehavetopayonU．S.$1,600worthofpurchaseswhenreturningtotheU．S.?A．U.S.$24. B．U.S.$48.C．U.S.$52. D．U.S.$200.A[考查细节理解。根据文中AmericansReturningTotheUS的要求，$800US的物品可免税，而由next$1,000USat3%可知除800以外的到1000以内的物品需交3%的关税，800×3%＝24。]10．Whatdocumentationshouldacouplewitha7-year-oldchildcarrywhentheydriveacarfromCanadatoAmerica?A．Adriver'slicense,anAirNEXUScard,andabirthcertificate.B．AnAirNEXUScard,aU．S.CoastGuardMerchantMarineDocumentandabirthcertificate.C.Twovalidpassportcardsandacertifiedcopyofabirthcertificate.D．ANEXUScard,aU．S.CoastGuardMerchantMarineDocument,andacertifiedcopyofabirthcertificate.C[考查细节理解。根据题目中theydriveacarfromCanadatoAmerica，用排除法可排除两项A，B，而D错在acertifiedcopy。]1.mysteryn.神秘2.identityn.身份3.charmingadj.迷人的，有魅力的4.significantadj.意义重大的5.budgetn.预算6.squareadj.平方的7.concentratev.聚焦于8.bordern.边境9.restrictionn.限制10.certificaten.证书题材二社会文化类考查要点方法技巧1.人们工作、学习、社交的方式及其影响。2．社会生活中所遇到的各种机遇和挑战。3．中西文化差异以及社会文化现象。特别是传承优秀传统文化。4．文化教育的发展、特点和功能。5．价值观、道德观、风俗习惯的形成。1.抓住文章的内在逻辑关系，理清脉络，把握文章的结构。2．定位关键信息词，运用归纳概括等方法得出文章的主题。3．明确事情的前因后果，推知文章的寓意。4．要有多元文化意识和国际视野，不能按照自己的传统来理解其他地区的文化。A篇(2018·合肥市质检)Intoday'ssociety,languageplaysakeyroleindefininggender(性别)byvocabulary，andalsothenon-verbal(非语言的)vocabulary.Eachoneofthesedifferenttypesofwaysofcommunicatingisobviouslydifferentbetweenmenandwomen.Manydifferentstudiesshowthatmentendtotalkmuchmorethanwomen.Ithasalsobeenproventhatwomentendtospeakfasterthanmen；thisisduetothefactthatwomentendtobeinterruptedmoreoftenthanmenare,andalsohavetheabilitytospeakmoreclearly，precisely，andmorequicklythanmen.Inonestudyitwasfoundthatwomenspokeforanaverageofthreeminutesdescribingapainting,asopposedtothethirteen-minuteaverageittookmentodescribeit.Menandwomenalsotendtohaveaverydifferentnon-verbalwayofcommunicating，whichcanalsomakeitveryhardforoneanothertounderstandwhattheoppositesexistryingtosay.Men'sbodylanguageismuchmorereservedwhentheyaretalkingtowomen.Mentendnottomakeasmucheyecontactandtheygenerallystayfartherawayfromwomenwhentalkingtothem.Menavoidotherpeople'sbodyspacewhiletalking，andtheyalsotendtositbackwhentalking.Allofthesehavegivenofftheimpressionofdisinterestorboredom.Womenarebyfarbetterlistenersandmuchmoreenjoyabletotalkwithandtheytendtoraisemoretopicsforconversation.Womenalsomakeitclearerwhetherornottheconversationisgoingsomewhereorjuststuckinneutral.Afterlearningaboutourstylesofcommunicatingwitheachother，Ihavedecidedthatalthoughmenhavenotquitemasteredcommunicating，whatfunwoulditbeifweallspokethesame“language”？Thelittlegamesmenandwomenplaywitheachotherwhileconversingwouldbelost.Thequestioneveryoneaskshimselforherselfaftertalkingwithsomeoneoftheoppositesex,“Iwonderifthere'ssomethingthere？”wouldnolongerexist.【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了男性和女性因性别差异而导致在沟通方式上也有所不同的现象。1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this”inParagraph2referto?A．Thedifferencesbetweenmen'sandwomen'slanguages.B．Thedifferentspeedofmen'sandwomen'sspeech.C．Theabilityofmen'sandwomen'sspokenlanguage.D．Thenon-verbalvocabularyofmenandwomen.B[考查代词指代。由this承接第二段中的“Ithasalsobeenproventhatwomentendtospeakfasterthanmen”可推知，此处的this指代女性比男性说话快的现象，故选B。]2．Inwhatwaydomenandwomendifferaccordingtothethirdparagraph?A．Speedofunderstanding.B．Understandingofspeechroles.C．Politenessofcommunication.D．Applicationofbodylanguage.D[考查推理判断。根据第三段的整体内容，尤其是该段第二句“Men'sbodylanguageismuchmorereservedwhentheyaretalkingtowomen”可推知，本段主要讲的是男性和女性在非语言表达方式上的不同，即肢体语言使用上的差异，故选D。]3．Whatistheauthor'sattitudetothedifferencesbetweenmen'sandwomen'scommunication?A．Cautious. B．Favorable.C．Ambiguous. D．Skeptical.B[考查观点态度。根据最后一段第二句和第三句“Afterlearningaboutourstylesofcommunicatingwitheachother，Ihavedecidedthatalthoughmenhavenotquitemasteredcommunicating，whatfunwoulditbeifweallspokethesame‘language’？Thelittlegamesmenandwomenplaywitheachotherwhileconversingwouldbelost”可推知，作者对男性和女性在沟通的差异性上持赞成态度，故选B。cautious“谨慎的”；favorable“赞成的”；ambiguous“模棱两可的”；skeptical“怀疑的”。]4．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．Women，BornExcellentTalkersB．Men'sAndWomen'sSocialRolesC．VocabularyAndCommunicationD．OppositeGender，DifferentLanguageD[考查标题判断。根据第一段的话题导入，并结合全文的整体内容可推知，本文主要讲的是男性和女性因性别差异而导致在沟通方式上也有所不同，故选D。]B篇(2018·成都市诊断性检测)Manyyearsagoinazoo，Iwasshockedbyfindingthatchimpanzees(黑猩猩)couldbehaveinamorecivilmannerthanyouthswhileyouthscouldbehaveworsethanthem.Greatapes(类人猿)arealwaysoneofthefavouriteattractionsinanyzoo.Themainreasonforthisisthattheyaresosimilartous.ThissimilarityhaspersuadedagroupcalledtheGreatApeProject(GAP)tocampaignfortheseanimalstobeafforded“humanrights”．ThishasresultedinlegislationinNewZealand，whichcouldmeanthatgreatapeswouldbecomethefirstanimalsintheworldwithbasicrightsprotectedbythelaw.Noteverybodyishappywiththisidea，however.Scientistsusinganimalsforscientificresearchfearthatthisisjustthefirststageinaprocessthatwillleadtoabanonusingallanimalsforresearch.TheGAPdeclarationclaimsgreatapesshouldhave“humanrights”duetoscientificevidenceabouttheirabilities.Butifwecomparetheabilitiesofhumansandgreatapes，thenwhynottheabilitiesofgreatapesandmonkeys，monkeysandlemurs，andsoonuntilinsectsaregranted“humanrights”?Thisisnotfoolish.Therearepeoplewithoutfundamentalhumanrights.Howlongago，forexample，didwomennothavetherighttovote?Yetanotherargumentbythosewhodon'tsupportGAPisthatthehuman-likequalitiesofthegreatapeshavebeenexaggeratedforcertainreasons，andthatthishasledpeopletoexaggeratethesimilaritiesbutignorethedifferencesbetweenhumansandothergreatapes.Inafascinatingarticleentitled“WhatItMeanstoBe98%Chimpanzee:Apes,People,andTheirGenes”,JonathanMarkspointsoutthat，althoughahumanandadaffodil(水仙花)sharecommonancestryandtheirDNAmatchesmorethan25%ofthetime，itisplainlyridiculoustoclaimthatweareone-quarterdaffodils.Hegoesontodemonstratethat，iflookedatfromoneangle，itistruethatwearephylogenetically(动植物演化史)apes,butalsofishfromphylogeneticallyanotherangle!“Doesn'tsoundquitesoprofoundnow，doesit？”【语篇解读】本文主要讨论了类人猿是否应该有人权的话题。5．WhatdoesParagraph1mainlytalkabout?A．Theexperiencewasunforgettable.B．Chimpanzeesaresimilartohumans.C．Greatapesareverypopularinthezoo.D．Animalscouldbehavebetterthanhumans.B[考查推理判断。根据第一段内容，尤其是最后一句“Themainreasonforthisisthattheyaresosimilartous”可推知，本段主要讲的是黑猩猩和人类的相似性，故选B。]6．WhichofthefollowingwouldtheGreatApeProjectmostprobablyagreewith?A．Animalsshouldbefreefromanyscientificresearch.B．NewZealandshoulddomoretoprotecttherightsofgreatapes.C．Thedifferencesbetweenhumansandgreatapeshavebeenignored.D．Greatapeshaveadequatecharacteristicstobeincludedasourequals.D[考查推理判断。根据第二段的内容可知，由于类人猿和人类很相似，由此可以获得类似于人的同等权利，故选D。]7．HowdoestheauthordevelophisideamainlyinParagraph5?A．Byreasoning.B．Bygivingexamples.C．Bymakingacomparison.D．Byprovidingscientificevidence.A[考查推理判断。第五段的内容对GAP组织的观点进行了理论上的批驳，属于论证的方法，故选A。]8．WhatpointdoesJonathanMarkstrytomakeinhisarticle?A．Humansaremorethanone-quarterdaffodils.B．Greatapesandfisharephylogeneticallysimilar.C．Humansareassimilartofishastheyaretogreatapes.D．Being98%geneticallyidenticalmatterslessthanthought.D[考查推理判断。根据最后两段的内容可知，只从生物的相似性就判断其属性相同是一种可笑的推断，人与其他动植物的最大差异还是在于其思想性，故选D。]1.obviouslyadv.明显；显而易见2.interruptv.干扰3.preciselyadv.精确地4.describev.描述5.stuckv.卡住，陷入6.civiladj.文明的，有教养的7.campaignv.发起……活动8.fundamentaladj.基本的，基础的9.ignorev.忽视10.ridiculousadj.荒谬的，可笑的题材三人物故事类考查要点方法技巧1.故事的背景、经过和结局。2．人物的特征、主要经历和功绩。3．情节、人物或事件之间的关系。4．故事的前因和后果。5．作者的意图和态度。1.理清叙事的顺序，是顺叙、倒叙还是插叙。2．把握事件发生的时间、空间及顺序。3．理清事情发生的背景、起因、过程及结果。4．感悟人物的情感和心理活动。5．领会故事细节与主题的关系。A篇(2018·福建省质检)Whenwasthelasttimeyoutoldsomeoneheinspiredyoutogotoworkeachmorning?TeachersatOakParkHighSchoolinKansasCity，Missouri,didjustthatthisSeptember,whentheypulledindividualstudentsoutofclassestotellthemjusthowmuchtheyappreciatedthem.Thestudents'reactions，whichwerecaptured(捕捉)onvideoandsharedonYouTube,anowviralvideowebsite，rangedfromshythankstohugsandtears.“Ihavebeenchallengedtofindastudentwhomakesmewanttocometoschooleveryday，”saidoneteacherinthevideo，“andthat'syou.”JamieMcSparin,ateacherinchargeoftheschool'sacademyprogramforat-risksophomores(二年级学生)andjuniors，posedthechallenge，writesABCNews.“Initiallywhenwepulledthekidsout，theyallthoughttheywereintrouble，”McSparintoldABCNews.“Anyteacher-studentinteractionalwaysseemstobenegative(消极的)，andthatwassomethingthatbotheredmetoo.Whetherthey'regoodkidsortroublemakersoranything，theyalwaysthoughttheywereintrouble，”shesaid.McSparinsaidshegottheideafortheprojectafterattendingaprofessionaldevelopmentworkshopthissummercalled“thepowerofpositivity”．“Iliketheideaoflettingstudentsknowtheyareappreciated，because，wedoappreciatethem.Ijustdon'tthinkwesayitenough，”shetoldlocalnewsoutletWDAF-TV.It'ssafetosaythechallengewaseffective.“Ifeelspecial，”saidoneoftheboysinthevideo.“Youshould，”saidhisteacher.“Youarespecial.”【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了美国一所高中的老师发起一项挑战，将学生单独拉到教室外，向他们表达感激之情的故事。1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“posed”inParagraph5mean?A．Presented. B．Rejected.C．Ignored. D．Evaluated.A[考查词义猜测。根据文章第五段和第六段可知，OakParkHighSchool的老师JamieMcSparin发起了这项挑战，并参与其中。present意为“提出”，符合语境。]2．Howdidthestudentsprobablyfeelwhenpulledoutoftheclassroomatfirst?A．Nervous. B．Thrilled.C．Curious. D．Encouraged.A[考查推理判断。根据第六段第一句中的“Initiallywhenwepulledthekidsout，theyallthoughttheywereintrouble”可知，最初把孩子们拉出来时，他们都认为他们有麻烦了。因此可推断出起初当学生们被拉到教室外时他们感到很紧张，故本题选A。B项意为“兴奋的，高兴的”；C项意为“好奇的”；D项意为“受到鼓舞的”。]3．WhatinspiredMcSparintochallengetheproject?A．Thetroublecausedbystudents.B．Theneedofshootingthevideo.C．Aseminarnamed“thepowerofpositivity”．D．Aprogramrelatedtostudents'interactions.C[考查细节理解。根据第七段“McSparinsaidshegottheideafortheprojectafterattendingaprofessionaldevelopmentworkshopthissummercalled‘thepowerofpositivity’”可知，McSparin说她是在今年夏天参加了一个叫作“积极的力量”的专业发展研讨会之后才有了这个想法的，故选C。C项中的seminar与原文中的workshop是同义词，意思是“研讨会”；named与原文中的called是同义词，此处属于同义转化现象。]4．Whatmessagedoesthistextmainlyconvey?A．Challengeisunavoidableinlife.B．Everyoneneedstobeappreciated.C．Positivityoutweighsnegativity.D．Newsmediacontributetostudents'progress.B[考查主旨大意。根据文章内容尤其是倒数第三段的内容可知，老师将学生拉出教室，向他们表达感激之情，是因为“每个人都需要被感激”。故选B。]B篇(2018·昆明市质检)MedhaGuptasometimesfeltworriedaboutmakingthe20-minutewalkfromthecornerwheretheschoolbusdroppedherofftoherhomeinHerndon，Va.—especiallyduringthecoldermonthsinwinter.Hermother，DivyaGuptahadasuggestion:writeanapp.Shewashalf-kidding，butMedhatookthechallengeseriously.Soshewenttowork.TheresultwasSafeTravel，anappdesignedbyMedhatohelpwalkersfeelmoresecurewhentheyaretravellingalone.UsingtheiPhone，apersoncanprogramittosendawarningtosomeoneheorshetrustsifheorshefailstoarriveatadestinationwithinacertaintime.ItwasthefirstiOSappthatMedhahadcreated.Whileshedidn'tthinkmuchaboutwhatwouldcomefromtheproject，hereffortcaughttheeyeofjudgesfortheannualCongressionalAppChallenge，whoselectedherasthewinnerforVirginia's10thDistrict.TheAppChallengeisdesignedtoencouragestudentstoconsidercareersinscience，technology，engineering，andmathbyexperimentingwithcodingandcomputerscience.WinningstudentsareinvitedtoattendareceptiononCapitolHillinAprilandalsoreceived$250inAmazonWebServicescredits.Medhasaidittookherabout40hourstodesign，programandtesttheapp.Asforhernextapp?Medha'snotcertain.Shetemporarilyhasherapp-developmentambitionsonholdbecauseshe'sbusyteachingherselfartificialintelligencetohelpdealwithimproperwordsonFacebook.Yes，sheknowsthatthereareteamsofengineersprobablydoingthesamething.Butshefiguresitcan'thurtherownpart，too.“Ifweseesomethingwrongwiththeworld，weshoulddosomethingaboutit，”shesaid.“Afterall，theonlyonestoppingusfromdoingsomethingisourselves.”【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了MedhaGupta设计一款手机应用程序的故事。5．WhydidMedhaGuptafeelworried?A．Ittookalongtimetowalkhome.B．Itwascolderthaneverinwinter.C．Itwasunsafetowalkhomealone.D．Itwasdifficulttowriteanapp.C[考查细节理解。根据首段的描述，以及第三段首句“TheresultwasSafeTravel，anappdesignedbyMedhatohelpwalkersfeelmoresecurewhentheyaretravellingalone”可知，Medha有时担心自己放学回家时的安全，由此她设计了应用程序SafeTravel，它可以使出行者独自出行时感觉更安全，所以选项C正确。]6．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“onhold”inParagraph6mean?A．Delayed. B．Developed.C．Suspected. D．Satisfied.A[考查词义猜测。根据画线词后的“...becauseshe'sbusyteachingherselfartificialintelligencetohelpdealwithimproperwordsonFacebook”(因为她正在忙着自学人工智能技术，以帮助处理Facebook上的不当言论)，同时结合画线词前一句“Medha'snotcertain”可推断出她暂时把应用程序开发的目标推迟了。所以选项A正确。]7．WhatisMedha'sattitudetothechallenge?A．Curious. B．Sensitive.C．Uncertain. D．Optimistic.D[考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“Shewashalf-kidding，butMedhatookthechallengeseriously.Soshewenttowork”可知，Medha认真地对待这个挑战，并开始设计。这表明了她面对挑战的乐观态度。]8．What'sthemainideaofthetext?A．MedharegisteredfortheAppChallenge.B．MedhadesignedSafeTravelsuccessfully.C．TheAppChallengedirectsstudentshowtochoosecareers.D．Anappguideswalkershome.B[考查主旨大意。选项B的表述“MedhadesignedSafeTravelsuccessfully”能很好地概括文章主旨，文章是围绕Medha设计手机应用程序SafeTravel展开的，讲述了她设计这一应用程序的过程和由此获得的成就。]1.inspirev.鼓舞，激励2.rangev.在……范围内变化3.challengev.挑战4.interactionn.互动5.initiallyadv.起初，最初6.secureadj.安全的7.temporarilyadv.暂时8.artificialadj.人工的9.improperadj.不适合的10.figurev.估计；想象题材四科普知识类考查要点方法技巧1.科学现象、概念、定义、类别等。2．事物的性质、特点、原理、用途等。3．事物或现象产生的原因、过程、演变。4．相似事物间的异同。1.理清说明顺序：时间、空间、逻辑顺序。2．把握文章结构：并列式、承接式、递进式、总分式。3．认清说明方法：下定义、举事例、作比较、打比方等。A篇(2018·德州市模拟)ManyAmericansthinkofdriverlesscarsasafuturistictechnologythatwillrevolutionizetravelincitiesandalongstatehighways.ButrecentexperimentsareprovingthatautonomousvehiclesalsohavethepotentialtoimprovethequalityoflifeformillionsofAmericansunderservedbytraditionalmodesoftransportation，suchastheelderlyanddisabled，solongaslawmakersmakesmartpoliciesthatpavethewayforinnovation.AretirementcommunityinSanJose，Calif.，whichhasbeentransformedbyasmallfleetofdriverlesstaxis，showsthepotentialofself-drivingcarstotransformpeople'slives.Builtbyatechstart-upcalledVoyage，themodifiedFordFusionsarecurrentlylimitedtoatwo-mileroad，butresidentsarealreadyhavingthebenefitsoftheseautonomousvehicles，whichallowthemtoparticipateinsocialactivitiestheywouldotherwisebeunabletoenjoysimplybecausetheycouldnotgettothem.Whenthetrialrunfinallyexpandsto15milesofroad，theseresidents—whoseaverageageis76—willalsohaveaconvenientandreliablenewwaytoappointments.Asthesecarscontinuetoserveresidentsthere，itiseasytounderstandwhyCaliforniaismovingtosimplifyregulationsfortheindustry.InMichigan，forward-thinkingpolicieshavethepotentialtounlockotherhiddenbenefitsofautonomousvehicles，especiallyforthosewithphysicaldisabilities.TheMichiganDisabilityRightsCoalitionhasstronglyadvocatedforthedevelopmentofthistechnology，sayingthatitcouldgivepeoplewithdisabilitiesgreateropportunitiesintheworkforceandenablethemtoleadmorefulfilling，independentlives.Manyrecognizethatautonomousvehicleswillbethefutureoftransportation，butitistoooftenoverlookedthatthisfuturecannotarrivefastenoughformillionsofAmericanswhoareforcedtodependonothersforday-to-daytravel.ThepolicymakersshouldfollowtheleadofplaceslikeCaliforniaandMichigan，andpassrulesandregulationstounlockthesehiddenbenefitsofdriverlesscars.【语篇解读】文章介绍了美国人使用自动驾驶汽车的现状，自动驾驶汽车给人们带来的方便及今后应该注意的问题。1．What'stheattitudeofmostAmericanpeopletothefutureofautonomousvehicles?A．Uncertain. B．Doubtful.C．Indifferent. D．Optimistic.D[考查推理判断。根据第四段“...itcouldgivepeoplewithdisabilitiesgreateropportunitiesintheworkforceandenablethemtoleadmorefulfilling，independentlives.”和最后一段“Manyrecognizethatautonomousvehicleswillbethefutureoftransportation...”可知，许多人意识到了自动驾驶汽车的好处，并认为自动驾驶汽车将是未来的交通工具。由此可推断多数美国人对自动驾驶汽车的未来是乐观的态度，故选D项。]2．WhatisthemodifiedFordFusion?A．Thecollectionofsocialactivities.B．Thenameofaretirementcommunity.C．Akindofautonomousvehicle.D．Atwo-mileroadforself-drivingcars.C[考查细节理解。根据第二段“Builtbyatechstart-upcalledVoyage，themodifiedFordFusionsarecurrentlylimitedtoatwo-mileroad，butresidentsarealreadyhavingthebenefitsoftheseautonomousvehicles”可知，themodifiedFordFusions，是一种自动驾驶汽车，故选C项。]3．Examplesaregiveninthethirdandforthparagraphstoprove.A．whatarepreventingthedevelopmentofthetechnologyB．whydriverlesscarsarerestrictedinmanystatesinAmericaC．howdriverlesstechnologybenefitstheagedanddisabledD．whendriverlesscarscanenterpeople'slifeeventuallyC[考查推理判断。第三段“...theseresidents—whoseaverageageis76—willalsohaveaconvenientandreliablenewwaytoappointments.”说明了自动驾驶汽车给老年人带来的方便，第四段“...forward-thinkingpolicieshavethepotentialtounlockotherhiddenbenefitsofautonomousvehicles，especiallyforthosewithphysicaldisabilities.”说明了自动驾驶汽车给残疾人带来的方便。所以这些例子是在说明自动驾驶汽车给老年人和残疾人带来的方便，故选C项。]4．Whatdoestheauthorattempttoinformusinthelastparagraph?A．Theconceptofautonomousvehicleshasbeenwidelyrecognized.B．Theweakgroupsareoftenoverlookeddespitetechnologyadvances.C．Thebenefitsofdriverlesscarshavebeenfullyunlocked.D．Regulationsshouldgohandinhandwithdriverlesstechnology.D[考查推理判断。根据最后一段“ThepolicymakersshouldfollowtheleadofplaceslikeCaliforniaandMichigan，andpassrulesandregulationstounlockthesehiddenbenefitsofdriverlesscars.”可知作者想告诉我们政策制定者应该通过规章制度来释放无人驾驶汽车的潜在好处，故选D项。]B篇(2018·广西三市联合模拟)Bytryingtotickle(使发痒)ratsandrecordinghowtheirnervecellsrespond,ShimpeiIshiyamaandhisadviserarediscoveringamysterythathaspuzzledthinkerssinceAristotleexpectedthathumans，giventheirthinskinanduniqueabilitytolaugh，weretheonlyticklishanimals.ItturnsoutthatAristotlewaswrong.IntheirstudypublishedonThursday,IshiyamaandhisadviserMichaelBrechtfoundthatratssqueakedandjumpedwithpleasurewhentickledontheirbacksandbellies.Thesesignsofjoychangedaccordingtotheirmoods.Andforthefirsttime，theydiscoveredaspecialgroupofnervecells.Thesenervecellsmadethisfeelingsopowerfulthatitcausesaratbeingtickledtolosecontrol.Tomakesurethathehadindeedfoundaplaceinthebrain