北京大学考博英语

北京大学考博英语-6

（总分：103.00,做题时间:90分钟）

一、PartIListeningComprehension（总题数：0,分数：0.00）

二、PartIIVocabulary（总题数：17,分数：20.00）

1.Biologistshaveascertainedthatspecializedcellsconvertchemicalenergyintomechanical

energy.

A.determinedB.arguedC.pretendedD.hypothesized

（分数：1.00）

A.V

B.

C.

D.

解析：

2.Malariaisaninfectiousparasiticdiseasethatcanbeeitheracuteorchronicandisfrequently

A.repeatingB.terminalC.debilitatingD.recurrent

（分数：0.50）

A.

B.

C.

D.V

解析：［解析］D选项recurrent（复发的）符合题意。A选项repeating（重复的）、B选项terminal（末期的）、

C选项debilitating（衰弱）都不正确。本题空格处是说经常复发。因此D选项为正确答案。

3.Theyarelookingforaexperiencedsecretarywhoiscapableoforganizingabusysales

office.

A.charteredB.matureC.graduatedD.polished

（分数：0.50）

A.

B.V

C.

D.

解析：［解析］B项“mature成熟的”符合题意。其他三项“A项chartered受特许的；C项graduated毕

业了的；D项polished擦亮的，磨光的，优美的”都不正确。本题的意思是他们正在找一位成熟的、经验

丰富的秘书。因此B项为正确答案。

4.Nowmanymanufacturersbuildtheirbusinessreputationsbyenclosinginthenewproducts

incaseofdamageinshipmentorbyincorrectoperation.

A.categoriesB.accessoriesC.analogiesD.observatories

（分数：0.50）

A.

B.V

C.

D.

解析：accessory附件；category范畴，门类；analogy比拟，类比；observatory观察站，天文台。故选

Bo

5.Itiswell-knownthattheretiredworkersinourcountryarefreemedicalcare.

[A]entitledto[B]involvedin[C]associatedwith[D]assignedto

（分数：0.50）

A.J

B.

C.

D.

解析：beentitledto被授予…的权利；beinvolvedin参加.参与；beassociatedwith与…有联系；

beassignedto被分配给。句意：众所周知，我国的退休工人有权享受免费医疗。

6.Glass-fibercablescancarryhundredsoftelephoneconversations.

A.spontaneouslyB:simultaneouslyC.immediatelyD.immiscibly

（分数：0.50）

A.

B.V

C.

D.

解析：

FewpeoplewoulddefendtheVictorianattitudetochildren,butifyouwereaparentinthose

days,atleastyouknewwhereyoustood:childrenweretobeseenandnotheard.Freudandcompany

didawaywithallthatandparentshavebeenbewilderedeversince.Thechild,shappinessis

all-important,thepsychologistssay,butwhatabouttheparents5happiness?Parentssuffer

continuallyfromfearandguiltwhiletheirchildrengailyrompaboutpullingtheplaceapart.

Agood^old-fashioned^spankingisoutofthequestion:nomodernchild-rearingmanualwouldpermit

suchbarbarity.Thetroubleisyouarenotallowedeventoshout.Whoknowswhatdeeppsychological

woundsyoumightinflict?Thepoorchildmayneverrecoverfromthedreadfultraumaticexperience.

Soitisthatparentsbendoverbackwardstoavoidgivingtheirchildrencomplexeswhichahundred

yearsagohadn'tevenbeenheardof.Certainlyachildneedslove,andalotofit.Buttheexcessive

permissivenessofmodernparentsissurelydoingmoreharmthangood.

Psychologistshavesucceededinunderminingparents5confidenceintheirownauthority.Andit

hasn'ttakenchildrenlongtogetwindofthefact.Inadditiontothegreatmodernclassicson

childcare,therearecountlessarticlesinmagazinesandnewspapers.Withsomuchunsolicited

adviceflyingabout,mumanddadjustdon'tknowwhattodoanymore.Intheend,theydonothing

atall.So,fromearlychildhood,thekidsareinchargeandparents，livesareregulatedaccording

totheneedsofheiroffspring.Whenthelittledearsdevelopintoteenagers,theytakecomplete

control.Laxauthorityovertheyearsmakesadolescentrebellionagainstparentsallthemore

violent.Iftheyoungpeoplearegoingtohaveaparty,forinstance,parentsareaskedtoleave

thehouse.Theirpresencemerelyspoilsthefun.Whatelsecanthepoorparentsdobutobey）?

Childrenarehardycreatures（farhardierthanthepsychologistswouldhaveusbelieve）andmost

ofthemsurvivetheharmfulinfluenceofextremepermissivenesswhichisthenormalcondition

inthemodernhousehold.Butagreatmanydonot.Thespreadofjuveniledelinquencyinourown

ageislargelyduetoparentallaxity.Mother,believingthatlittleJohnnycanlookafterhimself,

isnotathomewhenhereturnsfromschool,solittleJohnnyroamsthestreets.Thedividing-line

betweenpermissivenessandsheernegligenceisveryfine'indeed.

Thepsychologistshavemuchtoanswerfor.Theyshouldkeeptheirmouthsshutandletparents

getonwiththejob.Andifchildrenareknockedaboutalittlebitintheprocess,itmaynot

reallymattertoomuch.Atleastthiswillhelpthemtodevelopvigorousviewsoftheirownand

givethemsomethingpositivetoreactagainst.Perhapsthere*ssometruthintheideathatchildren

whohavehadasurfeitofhappinessintheirchildhoodappearlikestodgypuddingsandfailto

makeasuccessoflife.

（分数：8.00）

（1）.Whatisimpliedinthefirstsentence?

A.ThereisnodefenseforVictorianharshness.B.ParentsaregratefultoFreudforhisadvice.

C.Parentscanbetoostrictwiththeirchildren.D.Child-carebooksprovesensibleandpractical.

（分数：2.00）

A.

B.

C.V

D.

解析：［解析］题干问：“第1句暗示了什么？”正确选项为C“父母对孩子再严格也不过分”，尽管作者

说很少有人去辩护维多利亚时代父母对孩子的态度，但是如果你是父母，你还得跟那个年代的父母学习对

孩子的严格要求，因此这句话说明父母必须对孩子进行严格管教。而选项A“没有捍卫维多利业时代的严

格”，这只是这句话的字面含义。选项B“因为他的建议父母应该感谢弗洛伊德”，和选项D“养孩子的书

被证明是很明智和切实的”都是作者所反对的观点。

（2）.Theauthorsaysthattoday'sparents

A.arebombardedwithexcessiveamountsofchild-careliterature.

B.drawadistinctionbetweenpermissivenessandnegligence.

C.arepartialtowardschildrenfromhappyhomebackgrounds.

D.weightheirchildren，sintellectratherthanintelligence.（分数：2.00）

A.V

B.

C.

D.

解析：［解析］题干问：“作者认为今天的父母……”。正确选项为A“面临过量的抚养孩子的书”，第1

自然段中的"chiId-rearingmanualw和第2自然段中的"countlessarticlesinmagazinesand

newspapers^说明了这一观点。而选项B”在放纵和忽略间划清界限”和原文的意思相反。选项C”对那些

来门于快乐家庭背景的孩子相当地偏爱”和选项D“看重孩子的知识而不是其实际能力”在文中都没有提

及。

（3）.WhatdoestheauthorwantstoillustratewithJohnnyroamingthestreets?

A.Aninstanceofarbitrariness.B.Acaseofjuveniledelinquency.

C.Anexampleofresponsibility.D.Aprototypeofclassics.（分数：2.00）

A.

B.V

C.

D.

解析：［解析］题干问：“当说到小约翰在街上乱逛时，作者想要说明什么？”正确选项为B“造成青少年

犯罪的实际情形”，此题考察对论点论据的判断能力，定位在第3自然段。而选项A“武断的例证”，选

项C”负责任的楷模”和选项D“古典知识的原型”都不是作者举这个例子所要讲述的论点。

（4）.Fromthelastparagraphtheconclusioncanbedrawnthatchildrenwhoenjoyall-important

happinesswill

A.soongainindependencefromtheirnegligentparents.

B.stayawayfromtheinfluenceofjuveniledelinquency.

C.avoidbeinggivenuncertainpsychologicalcomplexes.

D.growuptobemoreimmatureandirresponsibleadults.（分数：2.00）

A.

B.

C.

D.V

解析：［解析］题干问：“从最后一段得到的结论是那些完全享有幸福的孩子往往会怎样？”正确选项为

D“长大后不成熟而且相当的不负责任”，这个题可从最后一句来判断，并且也可以从第3自然段的归纳得

出。而选项A“马上就从他们玩忽职守的父母那里获得独立”，选项B“远离青少年犯罪的影响”，和选项

C“避免被给予不确定的心里扭曲”都是原文信息的编造。

7.Crewchiefssupervisedengines,switchesandlightsthattoldthemhoweachitemofequipment

wasfunctioning.

A.observedB.preservedC.monitoredD.nurtured

（分数：1.00）

A.

B.

C.V

D.

解析：［解析］本题中，supervised的意思是“监督，管理，指导”。四个选项中，monitored的意思是“监

控“，如：atelevisionwaveformmonitor（电视波形监视器）oobserved的意思是“观察，遵守"；preserved

的意思是“保护，保持"；nurtured的意思是“养育，教养”。只有C符合题意。

8.Scientistsgenerallyholdthatlanguagehasbeensolonginusethatthelengthoftimewriting

isknowntocoverisinComparison.

A.overwhelmingB.uninspiringC.astoundingD.trifling

（分数：0.50）

A.

B.

C.

D.V

解析：［解析］D选项trifling（微不足道的）符合题意。A选项overwhelming（压倒性的）、B选项

uninspiring（不鼓舞人的）、C选项astounding（令人惊骇的）都不正确。因此D选项为正确答案。

9.Sheclaimstobeverylearnedinbiochemistry,butinfactsheknowsaboutitisall

sadlyoutofdate.

A.solittleB.thatmuchC.whatlittleD.howmuch

（分数：1.00）

A.

B.

C.V

D.

解析：题意为：她声称自己在生物化学方面很博学，但事实上她知道的相关知识很少，并且很可惜，都过

时了。本句中alittle用了其感叹形式whatlittle,如果能看出正常语序时的sheknowsalittleabout

it就不难答题了。

10.WithoutBob,stestimony,evidenceofbriberyislackingandinthecasewillbe

impossible.

A.verdictB.sentenceC.convictionD.acquittal

（分数：1.00）

A.

B.

C.V

D.

解析：

11.Thedayswhentheonlyfenderabusinessmanneededtostaveoffamidlifecrisiswasonthe

endofaFerrariaregone.

A.shortenB.betteroffC.keepawayfromD.strivefor

（分数：0.50）

A.

B.

C.V

D.

解析：staveoff是“延迟，避免”的意思，C项的keepawayfrom“远离”与之相符。shorten缩短；better

off富裕；strivefor奋斗。

12.TherehasbeenanincreaseinattendanceatlecturesbytheWorldAffairsCouncil,which

bringsinternationalissuestopublicattention.

A.developedB.sponsoredC.advancedD.promoted

（分数：1.00）

A.

B.V

C.

D.

解析：

13.Jackwouldratherhisyoungersisterinthesamehospitalashedoes.

A.workedB.worksC.toworkD.work

（分数：0.50）

A.

B.

C.

D.V

解析：Wouldratherdosth.宁愿，宁可，较喜欢。

14.AsthecaseofAmitarRayandhisfamilyexemplifies,professionalimmigrantsareamongthe

mostrapidlyfirstbecauseoftheiroccupationalsuccessandsecondbecauseoftheabsence

ofstrongethnicnetworksthatreinforcethecultureoforigin.

A.assimilatedB.consumedC.accustomedD.fascinated

（分数：1.00）

A.V

B.

C.

D.

解析：assimilated被吸收的；consumed被消费的；accustomed变习惯的；fascinated使着迷的。题意为

那些职业型的移民是最容易被同化的，所以选A。

15.Themagicianpickedoutseveralpersonsfromtheaudienceandaskedthemtohelphim

withtheperformance.

A.byaccidentB.onaverageC.onoccasionD.atrandom

（分数：1.00）

A.

B.

C.

D.V

解析：byaccident偶然的。onaverage平均的。onoccasion有时。atrandom随意的。

16.TheGreatWallisagreattourist,drawingmillionsofvisitorsfromallpartsofthe

worldeveryyear.

A.attentionB.appointmentC.attractionD.interest

（分数：1.00）

A.

B.

C.V

D.

解析：attention注意；appointment约会，指定；attraction吸引，吸引人的事物；interest兴趣。

三、PartIIIReadingComprehension（总题数：6,分数：43.00）

Today,wehavethelongestpeacetimeexpansioninourhistory.Afteryearsandyearsofdeficits,

wenowhavebudgetsurplusesforyearsahead.MorepeoplehaveachancetorealizetheAmerican

Dreamthaneverbefore.Morechildrenhaveachancetorealizetheirfullpotentialthanever

before.We'velaidafoundationtopreserveourprosperityforfuturegenerations.

Now,asthebudgetdeadlinerapidlyapproachesthisyear,wefacemanyofthesametoughchoices

again.Andonceagain,Ithinktheanswerisclear:Tobuildastrongnationinthenewcentury,

wemustcontinuetoinvestinourfuture.Thatmeanswemuststrengthensocialsecurity,secure

andmodernizemedicare,andpayoffthenationaldebtinfifteenyears,makingAmericadebt-free

forthefirsttimesince1835.Andonceagain,itmeanswemustinvestineducation,notsacrifice

it.

Monthsago,IsentCongressaresponsiblebudgettomaintainourfiscaldisciplineandhonorour

commitmenttoourChildren'seducation.SofartheRepublicansinCongresshaven'tputfortha

budgetoftheirown.Infact,they5resobusytryingtofigureOuthowtopayfortheirirresponsible

taxplanthatthey，reinseriousdangerofnotmeetingtheirobligationtofinishthebudgetby

theendofthebudgetyear.Evenworse,they*repreparingtopayfortheirownpetprojectsat

theexpenseofourchildren，seducation.

WeknownowthattheRepublicans5riskytaxcutwouldforceustoslashvitalfundingforeducation

byasmuchas50percentoverthenexttenyears.Butwhatmanypeopledon，tknowisthatnext

yearalone,theRepublicanplanwouldcutthebillthatfundseducationbynearly20percent.

Now,ffcarriedout,thisplanwouldleadtosomeoftheworstcutsineducationinourhistory.

Morethan5,000teacherscouldbelaidoff.Fiftythousandstudentscouldbeturnedawayfrom

after-schoolandsummer-schoolprograms.Morethan2millionofourpooreststudentsinourpoorest

communitieswouldhaveasmallerchanceofsuccessinschoolandintheworkplacesofthefuture.

Thesearen'tjustnumbersonabalancesheet;they，revitalinvestmentsinourchildrenandour

future.

Inatimewheneducationisourtoppriority,RepublicansinCongressaremakingittheirlowest

priority.Soletmebeclear:fftheRepublicanssendmeabillthatdoesn'tliveuptoournational

commitmenttoeducation,Iwon，thesitatetovetoit.Ifitunderminesoureffortstohire

high-qualityteacherstoreduceclasssizeinourpublicschools,Iwillvetoit.Ifitfails

tostrengthenafter-school,andsummer-schoolprograms,I'11vetoit.Ifitunderfundscollege

scholarshipprograms,Iwillvetoit.Ifitsendsmeabillthatturnsitsbackonourchildren

andtheirfuture,I'11sendthembacktothedrawingboard.Iwon,tletCongresspushthrough

abudgetthat'spaidforattheexpenseofourchildrenandourfutureprosperity.

（分数：5.00）

（1）.Wecaninferthattheaudienceforthespeakerinthepassageis.

A.Congress

B.composedofcommonvoters

C.agroupofpublic-schooladministrators

D.agroupofcontributorstotheDemocraticParty（分数：1.00）

A.

B.V

C.

D.

解析：我们可以推断，文中发言人的听众由普通的投票者构成。根据第一段和最后一段内容就可以判断听

众由普通的投票者构成。

（2）.WhichofthefollowingisNOTstatedorimpliedinthispassage?

A.Fifty-thousandstudentscouldbeturnedawayfromafter-schoolprograms.

B.Budgetdeficitswillincrease.

C.Educationfundingmaybecutby50percentoveraten-yearperiod.

D.Thenationaldebtmaybepaidoff.（分数：LOO）

A.

B.V

C.

D.

解析：B（预算赤字会增加）没有提到。作者在第一段指出，经过多年的亏损以后，我们未来的预算会有盈余，

这说明再不会出现赤字。A在倒数第二段中提到；C在倒数第三段开头提到；D在第二段中提到。

（3）.WhichofthefollowingisNOTstatedorimpliedabouteducation?

A.Highereducationshouldbereservedforthetalentedpeople.

B.Thenationshouldvieweducationasaninvestment.

C.Educationshouldbetheprimarygoalforthecongressionalbudget.

D.Educationandnationalprosperityaredeeplyconnected.（分数：1.00）

A.V

B.

c.

D.

解析：只有A（高等教育应当留给有才华的人）没有提到。第二段末尾提到了B；最后一段的第二句提到了C；

最后一段的最后一句提到了Do

（4）.Byusingwordssuchasirresponsible,risky,andpetprojects,thespeakerisobviously.

A.attemptingtobemild

B.tryingtoconvinceRepublicanstocometohisside

C.appealingtotheRepublicans'senseoffiscalresponsibility

D.tryingtotakethesamepositionastheaudiencebyattackinghisrivals（分数：1.00）

A.

B.

C.

D.V

解析：用irresponsible（不负责任的）、risky（冒险的）和petprojects（最喜爱的项目），发言人显然是通

过抨击对手站在听众一边。这几个带有贬义的词语与抨击对手有关。

（5）.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

A.Americawillincreaseitsinvestmentsinfuture.

B.Americahasbeenindebtsince1835.

C.TheRepublicansaretryingtopassatax-cutbillinCongress.

D.TheRepublicansmightnotbeabletofinishtheirbudgetbytheendofthebudgetyear.（分

数：LOO）

A.V

B.

C.

D.

解析：A（美国会在将来增加投资）没有提到。第二段倒数第二句提到了B；第四段提到C；第三段倒数第二

句提到Do

Governmentsthatwanttheirpeopletoprosperintheburgeoningworldeconomyshouldguarantee

twobasicrights:therighttoprivatepropertyandtherighttoenforceablecontracts,saysMancur

OlsoninhisbookPowerandProsperity.OlsonwasaneconomicsprofessorattheUniversityof

Marylanduntilhisdeathin1998.

Somehavearguedthatsuchrightsaremerelyluxuriesthatwealthysocietiesbestow,butOlson

turnsthatargumentaroundandassertsthatsuchrightsareessentialtocreatingwealth."Incomes

arelowinmostofthecountriesoftheworld,inshort,becausethepeopleinthosecountries

donothavesecureindividualrights,〃hesays.

Certainsimpleeconomicactivities,suchasfoodgatheringandmakinghandicrafts,relymostly

onindividuallabor;propertyisnotnecessary.Butmoreadvancedactivities,suchasthemass

productionofgoods,requiremachinesandfactoriesandoffices.Thisproductionisoftencalled

capital-intensive,butitisreallyproperty-intensive,Olsonobserves.

〃Noonewouldnormallyengageincapital-intensiveproductionifheorshedidnothaverights

thatkeptthevaluablecapitalfrombeingtakenbybandits,whetherrovingorstationary,〃he

argues."Thereisnoprivatepropertywithoutgovernment-individualsmayhavepossessions,the

wayadogpossessesabone,butthereisprivatepropertyonlyifthesocietyprotectsanddefends

aprivaterighttothatpossessionagainstotherprivatepartiesandagainstthegovernmentas

well.〃

Would-beentrepreneurs,nomatterhowsmall,alsoneedagovernmentandcourtsystemthatwill

makesurepeoplehonortheircontracts.Infact,thebankingsystemsreliedonbydevelopednations

arebasedonjustsuchanenforceablecontractsystem.〃Wewouldnotdepositourmoneyinbanks

ifwecouldnotrelyonthebankhavingtohonoritscontractwithus,andthebankwouldnot

beabletomaketheprofitsitneedstostayinbusinessifitcouldnotenforceitsloancontracts

withborrowers,〃Olsonwrites.

OthereconomistshavearguedthatthepooreconomiesofThirdWorldandcommunistcountriesare

theresultofgovernmentssettingbothpricesfindthequantitiesofgoodsproducedratherthan

lettingafreemarketdeterminethem.Olsonagreesthatthereissomemerittothispointofview,

buthearguesthatgovernmentinterventionisnotenoughtoexplainthepovertyofthesecountries.

Rather,therealproblemislackofindividualrightsthatgivepeopleincentivetogeneratewealth.

〃Ifasocietyhasclearandsecureindividualrights,therearestrongincentives（刺激，动力）

toproduce,invest,andengageinmutuallyadvantageoustrade.,andthereforeatleastsome

economicadvance,〃Olsonconcludes.

（分数：10.00）

（1）.WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutOlson?

A.Hewasafictionwriter.

B.HeeditedthebookPowerandProsperity.

C.HetaughteconomicsattheUniversityofMaryland.

D.Hewasagainsttheownershipofprivateproperty.（分数：2.00）

A.

B.V

C.

D.

解析：

（2）.Whichofthefollowingrepresents01son，spointofview?

A.Protectingindividualpropertyrightsencourageswealthbuilding.

B.Onlyinwealthysocietiesdopeoplehavesecureindividualrights.

C.Secureindividualrightsarebroughtaboutbythewealthofthesociety.

D.Insomecountries,peopledon'thavesecureindividualrightsbecausethey5repoor.（分数：

2.00）

A.V

B.

C.

D.

解析：

（3）.WhatdoesOlsonthinkaboutmassproduction?

A.It'scapitalintensive.B.It'spropertyintensive.

C.Itreliesonindividuallabor.D.Itreliesonindividualskills.（分数：2.00）

A.

B.V

C.

D.

解析：

（4）.Whatisthebasisforthebankingsystem?

A.Contractsystemthatcanbeenforced.

B.People5swillingnesstodepositmoneyinbanks.

C.Thepossibilitythatthebankcanmakeprofitsfromitsborrowers.

D.Thefactthatsomepeoplehavesurplusmoneywhilesomeneedloans.（分数：2.00）

A.V

B.

C.

D.

解析：

(5).AccordingtoOlson,whatisthereasonforthepooreconomiesofThirdWorldcountries?

A.governmentinterventionB.lackofsecureindividualrights

C.beingshortofcapitalD.lackofafreemarket(分数：2.00)

A.

B.V

C.

D.

解析：

TheAleuts,residingonseveralislandsoftheAleutianChain,thePribilofislands,andthe

AlaskanPeninsula,havepossessedawrittenlanguagesince1825,whentheRussianmissionaryIvan

VeniaminovselectedappropriatecharactersoftheCyrillicalphabettorepresentAleutspeech

sounds,recordedthemainbodyofAleutvocabulary,andformulatedgrammaticalrules.TheCzarist

Russianconquestoftheproud,independentseahunterswassodevastatinglythoroughthattribal

traditions,eventribalmemories,werealmostobliterated.Theslaughterofthemajorityofan

adultgenerationwassufficienttodestroythecontinuityoftribalknowledge,whichwasdependent

uponoraltransmission.Asaconsequence,theAleutsdevelopedafanaticaldevotiontotheir

languageastheironlyculturalheritage.

TheRussianoccupationplacedaheavylinguisticburdenontheAleuts.Notonlyweretheycompelled

tolearnRussiantoconversewiththeiroverseersandgovernors,buttheyhadtolearnOldSlavonic

totakeanactivepartinchurchservicesaswellastomastertheskillofreadingandwriting

theirowntongue.In1867,whentheUnitedStatespurchasedAlaska,theAleutswereunableto

breaksharplywiththeirimmediatepastandsubstituteEnglishforanyoneoftheirthreelanguages.

TocommunicantsoftheRussianOrthodoxChurchaknowledgeofSlavonicremainedvital,asdid

Russian,thelanguageinwhichoneconversedwiththeclergy.TheAleutscametoregardEnglish

educationasadevicetoweanthemfromtheirreligiousfaith.Theintroductionofcompulsory

EnglishschoolingcausedaminorrenascenceofRussiancultureastheAleutparentssoughtto

counteracttheinfluenceoftheschoolroom.TheharshlifeoftheRussiancolonialrulebegan

toappearmorehappyandbeautifulinretrospect.

RegulationsforbiddinginstructioninanylanguageotherthanEnglishincreaseditsunpopularity,

ThesuperficialalphabeticalresemblanceofRussianandAleutlinkedthetwotonguessoclosely

thateveryrestrictionagainstteachingRussianwasinterpretedasanattempttoeradicatethe

Aleuttongue.Fromthewordingofmanyregulations,itappearsthatAmericanadministratorsoften

hadnottheslightestideathattheAleutswereclandestinelyreadingandwrithingtheirowntongue

orevenhadawrittenlanguageoftheirown.Totoomanyofficials,anythinginCyrillicletters

wasRussianandsomethingtobestampedout.Bitternessbredbyabusesandtheexploitationsthe

AleutssufferedfrompredatoryAmericantradersandadventurerskeptalivetheAleutresentment

againstthelanguagespokenbyAmericans.

Gradually,despitethefailuretoemancipatetheAleutsfromasterilepastbyrelatingtheAleut

andEnglishlanguagesmoreclosely,thepassageofyearshasassuagedthebittermisunderstandings

andcausedanorientationawayfromRussiantowardEnglishastheirsecondlanguage,butAleut

continuestobethelanguagethatmoldstheirthoughtandexpression.

(分数：5.00)

(1).Thepassageisdevelopedprimarilyby.

A.testingtheevidencesupportingatheory

B.describingcausesandeffectsofevents

C.weighingtheprosandconsofaplan

D.projectingthefutureconsequencesofadecision（分数：1.00）

A.

B.V

C.

D.

解析：本文得以展开的主要方法是描述一系列事件的因果关系。作者利用因果关系讲述了几个事件。例如，

俄国人的暴行使阿留申人忠于自己的语言；美国人的误解导致丁俄国文化的复兴。

（2）.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthereligiousbeliefsoftheAleutscanbeinferred

fromthepassage?

A.PriortotheRussianoccupationtheyhadnoreligiousbeliefs.

B.Americantraders*andadventurersforcedthemtoabandonallreligiousbeliefs.

C.AtnotimeintheirhistoryhavetheAleutshadanorganizedreligion.

D.TheRussiansforcedAleutstobecomemembersoftheRussianOrthodoxChurch.（分数：1.00）

A.

B.

C.

D.V

解析：俄国人迫使阿留申人成为俄国东正教会的成员。作者在第二段指出，阿留申人不得不学习古斯拉夫

语，以便参加宗教仪式。是哪种宗教呢?一定是下一段提到的、俄国的东正教。我们怎样才能知道阿留申人

被迫改变信仰?教会成员必须熟悉古斯拉夫语，在俄国人征服阿留申期间，如果阿留申人不熟悉古斯拉夫语，

他们就无法成为该宗派的成员。因此，我们可以推断，俄国征服者们迫使阿留申人成为俄国东正教的信徒。

（3）.Distributingwhichof