语法填空专项讲解课件 2024届高三英语一轮复习

语法填空专项讲解WarmingUpRationalCloze/

FillInTheBlanksWithYourGrammaticalKnowledge阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Chinahasbecomethefirstcountrytolandaspacecraftonthefarsideofthemoon.TheunmannedChang’e-4probe(探测器)-thenamewasinspiredbyanancientChinesemoongoddess___61___(touch)downlastweekintheSouthPole-Aitkenbasin.Landingonthemoon’sfarsideis___62___(extreme)challenging.Becausethemoon’sbodyblocksdirectradiocommunicationwithaprobe,Chinafirsthadtoputasatelliteinorbitabovethemooninaspot___63___itcouldsendsignalstothespacecraftandtoEarth.Thefarsideofthemoonisofparticular___64___(interesting)toscientistsbecauseithasalotofdeepcraters(环形山)，moreso___65___thefamiliarnearside.ChineseresearchershopetousetheinstrumentsonboardChang’e-4___66___(find)andstudyareasoftheSouthPole-Aitkenbasin.＂Thisreallyexcitesscientists,＂CarlePieters,ascientistatBrownUniversity,says,＂becauseit___67___(mean)wehavethechancetoobtaininformationabouthowthemoon___68___(construct)＂Dataaboutthemoon’scomposition,suchashow___69___iceandothertreasuresitcontains,couldhelpChinadecidewhether____70____(it)plansforafuturelunar(月球的)basearepractical.cctouchedextremelywhereinterestthantofindmeansisconstructedmuchits题型分析1.语法填空重在考查学生高中阶段所学过的所有语法知识和具体语境下英语基本句法知识的识别、判断和运用能力。2.分两题型：有提示词和无提示词填空3.有提示词（6-7个）：填所给单词的正确形式，一般不超3个词；一般只对提示词进行一步变化4.无提示词（3-4个）：填介词、冠词、连词、代词（很少，关注it），空格处只能填1个词QuestionWhatpartsofspeechdothesetwotypesexamine?Answer名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称.

形容词(adj.)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。01.有提示词介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。代词(pron.)：主要用来代替名词。连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。冠词(art.)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。02.无提示词Gameobservedistancealthoughsweepelegantwalkhoweverabilityworthlesspromisen.v.adj.conj.sickness

becausesortloosehumorousPartOfSpeechPartOfSpeech六大实词名词n.代词pron.动词v.数词

num.形容词adj.副词

adv.PartOfSpeech四大虚词冠词

art.连词

conj.感叹词

int.介词

prep.Eachpartofspeechcorrespondstothetestpoint名词n.名词单复数变化所有格-s/-es不规则变化's/s’of格名词单复数变化规则变化：一般情况词尾加s

s,x,sh,ch结尾的词加es辅音字母+y结尾的名词,变y为i,再加es。以元音字母+y结尾的名词，直接词尾加s。以o结尾，表示有生命的事物的单数名词变复数加-es；表示没有生命的事物的单数名词变复数加-s。不规则变化：有些名词有不规则的复数形式。有些名词的单复数形式相同。所有格所有格’s/s’of单数名词和不以-s结尾的复数名词在词尾加’s（以s结尾的只需加’）构成所有格，主要用于有生命的东西。凡不能加’s的名词，都可以与of构成短语，来表示所有关系。（表示无生命的东西的所有关系）形容词副词adj./adv.形容词副词比较级最高级反义词-(e)r/more--(e)st/most-dis-un-non-/no-im-/in-/ir-/il-比较级、最高级规则变化构成规则原级比较级最高级单音节词和少数多音节词1.一般在词尾加-er或-est/ist/fastfasterfastest2.以“辅音字母+e”结尾的形容词，加-r或-stnicenicernicest3.重读闭音节词只有一个辅音字母时，应先双写辅音字母；再加-er或-estbigbiggerbiggest4.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词，先改“y”为“i”,再加-er或-esteasyeasiereasiestearlyearlierearliest多音节词和部分双音节词5.在词前加more或mosttiredmoretiredmosttiredeasilymoreeasilymosteasily比较级、最高级不规则变化原级比较级最高级good,wellbetterbestmany,muchmoremostbad,ill,badlyworseworstfarfartherfarthestfurtherfurthestoldolderoldesteldereldestlittlelessleast副词功能副词动词形容词副词句子记忆口诀：十副刑具（动副形句）/付诸行动（副句形动）adj.adv.规则例词说明(1)一般直接加—lystrong→stronglycareful→carefully

(2)le结尾的去e加yterrible→terriblypossible→possiblyimpossible→impossiblyprobable→probablysimple→simplygentle→gently*whole→wholly属于这种变化的主要是以—able或ible结尾的形容词(3)a加adj.loud→aloudlive→alivelone→alone

(4)形容词副词同形nearfarhighearlylatefirsthardadj.

adv.规则例词说明(5)“辅音字母+y”结尾的，变y为i加lylucky→luckilyhappy→happilyhealthy→healthilyheavy→heavilyshy→shylydry→dryly(6)ue结尾的，去e加lytrue→trulydue→duly(7)ll结尾的，加yfull→fullydull→dully

（8）ic结尾的，加allybasic→basicallyscientific→scientifically数词num.数词基数词序数词指描述事物数量多少的词。指表示顺序的数词。基数词序数词一、二、三,单独记;八去t,九除e,ve要用f替,整十基数变序数，先把ty变成tie;要是遇到两位数,十位基数个位序,th最后加上去。分数分子基数词，分母序数词；分子大于1，序数词用复数形式。如：1/2ahalf1/3onethird或athird11/2oneandahalf1/4onequarter或aquarter3/4threefourths或threequarters24/25twenty-fourtwenty-fifths动词v.动词谓语非谓语时态语态主谓一致现在分词过去分词不定式主动、正在进行被动、已完成表目的、将来后宫佳丽三千

皇后只有一个介词prep.介词固定搭配常见用法一般空格后是名词，且该名词在句子中不是作主语、表语或动词的宾语等代词pron.代词物主代词反身代词主格宾格形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词若是纯空格，主要考查itpron.人称单复数主

格宾

格形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词反身代词第一人称单数Imemyminemyself复数weusouroursourselves第二人称单数youyouyouryoursyourself复数youyouyouryoursyourselves第三人称单数hehimhishishimselfsheherherhersherselfitititsitsitself复数theythemtheirtheirsthemselves连词conj.并列连词用来连接平行的词、词组和分句。如：and,but,or,nor,so,aswellas,both…and,notonly…butalso,either…or,neither…nor,(and)then等等。从属连词经常引导一个从句,如:when,where,because,if,as,等连词并列连词从属连词冠词art.冠词定冠词不定冠词特指人或事上文出现过的世界上独一无二的aan零冠词a用于辅音前

an用于元音前一般说来，元音字母发元音，辅音字母发辅音。Exercise2023年全国I卷Xiaolongbao(soupdumplings),thoseamazingconstructionsofdelicatedumplingwrappers,encasinghot,56(taste)soupandsweet,freshmeat,arefarandawaymyfavoriteChinesestreetfood.Thedumplingsarrivesteaminganddangerouslyhot.Toeatone,youhavetodecidewhether57(bite)asmallholeinitfirst,releasingthestreamandriskingaspill(溢出),58toputthewholedumplinginyourmouth,lettingthehotsoupexplodeonyourtongue.Shanghaimaybethe59(recognize)homeofthesoupdumplingsbutfoodhistorianswillactuallypointyoutotheneighboringcanaltownofNanxiangasXiaolonghao’sbirthplace.Thereyouwillfindthemprepareddifferently-moredumplingandlesssoup,andthewrappersarepressed60handratherthanrolled.Nanxiangaside,thebestXiaolongbaohaveafineskin,allowingthem61(lift)outofthesteamerbasketwithoutallowingthemtearingorspillinganyof62(they)contents.Themeatshouldbefreshwith63touchofsweetnessandthesouphot,clearanddelicious.NomatterwhereIbuythem,onesteameris64(rare)enough,yettwoseemsgreedy,soIamalwaysleft65(want)morenexttime.56.词性转换Xiaolongbao(soupdumplings),thoseamazingconstructionsofdelicatedumplingwrappers,encasinghot,56______________(taste)soupandsweet,freshmeat,arefarandawaymyfavoriteChinesestreetfood.tasten.味道；味觉；爱好 v.品尝；体验转换成tastyadj.美味的修饰名词soup。tastysoup美味的汤。句意：小笼包（汤饺子），那些精致的饺子皮，包裹着热的、可口的汤和甜的新鲜的肉，无疑是我最喜欢的中国街头小吃。tasty57.非谓语 58.连词Toeatone,youhavetodecidewhether57.______________(bite)asmallholeinitfirst,releasingthestreamandriskingaspill(溢出),58.__________toputthewholedumplinginyourmouth,lettingthehotsoupexplodeonyourtongue.57.考查非谓语动词之动词不定式，作decide的宾语。58.whether...or是…还是…；连接两个动词不定式tobite和toput，表选择关系，作decide的宾语。句意：要吃一个小笼包，你必须决定是先在上面咬一个小洞，释放气流，冒着溢出的风险，还是把整个饺子放进嘴里，让热汤在你的舌头上爆发。tobitebite-bit-bittenor59.考查词性转换之动词变形容词，修饰名词。Shanghaimaybethe59.______________(recognize)homeofthesoupdumplings……recognized adj.公认的，认可的。recognizing adj.认识的；识别的recognizable adj.可辨认的；可认识的句意：上海可能是公认的汤饺子的故乡，但食品历史学家实际上会向你指出，邻近的运河小镇南翔才是小笼包的出生地。recognized60.考查介词Thereyouwillfindthemprepareddifferently-moredumplingandlesssoup,andthewrappersarepressed60.______________handratherthanrolled.byhand用手，表方式。句意：在那里，你会发现它们的制作方式不同——更多的是饺子，更少的是汤，饺子皮是用手压的，而不是卷起来的by61.考查非谓语动词之动词不定式被动语态Nanxiangaside,thebestXiaolongbaohaveafineskin,allowingthem61.________________(lift)outofthesteamerbasketwithout……由固定搭配allowsbtodosth.允许某人做...,可知此处要用动词不定式，所给词lift“提；移动...”,与them（thebestXiaolongbao）是动宾关系，因此此处要用不定式的被动结构，句意：在南翔那边，最好的小笼包有很好的皮，允许它们能被从蒸笼篮子里拿出来，而不会撕裂或溢出里面的东西。tobelifted62.考查形容词性物主代词修饰名词 ……withoutallowingthemtearingorspillinganyof62.____________(they)contents.theircontents他们的内容,他们的东西。句意：在南翔那边，最好的小笼包有很好的皮，允许它们能被从蒸笼篮子里拿出来，而不会撕裂或溢出里面的东西。their63.考查不定冠词Themeatshouldbefreshwith63.____________touchofsweetnessandthesouphot,clearanddelicious.atouchof一点点，稍许句意：肉应该新鲜的，有一点甜味，汤应该是热的，清澈和美味的。a64.考查词性转换之形容词变副词NomatterwhereIbuythem,ones