江苏省兴化一中高三考前适应性练习英语试卷

兴化市第一中学2018届考前适应性练习英语试卷拟卷人：总分:120分考试时间:120分钟第一部分听力（共两节，满分20分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Howmuchshouldthemanpayintotal? A.$100. B.$110. C.$115.2.Whendoestheconversationtakeplace? A.At5:30. B.At6:00. C.At6:30.3.Wherewillthespeakershavetheirpicnic? A.Onarock. B.Onthegrass. C.Inaboat.4.Whydoesthegirltalkwiththeman? A.Tosendaninvitation. B.Toseekforhelp. C.Toaskforpermission.5.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout? A.Thewoman’sfamily.B.Atrip. C.Apicture.第二节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whatdoesthewomanwantthemantodo? A.Showthenewstudentsaround.B.Workparttimeafterclass.C.AttendaStudents’Unionmeeting.7.Whowillprobablygetintouchwiththemanlater? A.Betty. B.Ken. C.Ruth.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.Whathappenedtotheman? A.Hegothurt. B.Helosthiscar. C.Hehadanaccident.9.Whatisthemangoingtodo? A.Goforabusinesstrip. B.Tellhisfatherthetruth. C.Visitsomefriends.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers? A.Colleagues. B.Husbandandwife. C.Interviewerandinterviewee.11.Whydoesthewomanwanttochangeherpresentjob? A.It’sdifficult. B.Itoffersalowpay. C.Itrequireslongworkingtime.12.Whatwillthewomandonext? A.Gohome. B.Leaveforwork. C.Buysomebread.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.Whydidsomekidsfeelunhappyatfirst?A.Theydidn’tgetusedtothenewenvironment. B.Theyweren’twillingtoattendthetrip. C.Theythoughtthetripwouldbeboring.14.Howdidthechildrenfeelabouttheguide? A.Bored. B.Satisfied. C.Disappointed.15.Whatwasthechildren’sfavoriteactivity? A.Sailing. B.Horseriding. C.Barbecuing.16.Whatissaidaboutthechildren? A.Theyhadknowneachotherbefore. B.Theywantedtogettogetheragain. C.Theywereallhomesickatfirst.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.Whatdoweknowaboutthebaby? A.Itwaskidnapped. B.Itescaped. C.Ithadararedisease.18.Whatdowelearnabout＂freemilk＂programmer? A.Ithasbeencanceled. B.Itisgoingquitewellatthemoment. C.Itofferedallstudentsmilkfromprimaryschooltohighschool.19.Whatwillasalebeheldfor? A.Sellingsomemilk. B.Learningsomeskills. C.Raisingmoneyforalibrary.20.Whatwilltomorrow’sweatherbelike? A.Itwillbesunny.B.Itwillbewetandhot. C.Thepollutionwillbelight.第二部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分35分）第一节单项填空（共15题；每小题1分，满分15分）请认真阅读下面各题，从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。21.PhysicallychallengedasJackwas,hedidnot________himselftohisfate. A.resist B.reserve C.resign D.rescue22.Haveyoueverbeeninasituation_______youknowtheotherpersonisrightyetyoucannotagreewithhim? Awhere B.which C.that D.as23.She

then

took

the

little

key,and

opened

it,

trembling,

but

could

not

at

first

see

anything

________,

because

the

windows

were

shut.

A.plainly B.closely C.firmly D.frequently24.WhileinteractingwithpeopleinIndia,Iwas________toawayoflifepletelydifferentfrommyown. A.reduced B.exposed C.mitted D.transferred25.WatchingbasketballgamesonTVathomeisonething,goingtowatchthem________liveisquiteanother. A.perform B.performing C.toperform D.beingperformed26.Somepeopleusehandwrittenletters____typingbecausethey’remorepersonalandrepresentyoursincerity. A.inpreferenceto B.inprocessof C.inreferencewith D.insearchof27.Asthingsdidn’tworkoutthewaywe________,wefoundourselvestryingtoforcethemandstrugglingtofinishthem. A.plan B.areplanning C.hadplanned D.willbeplanning28.Lindarealizedshewasinthewrongandpromisedto________anewleaf. A.takeover B.turnover C.getover D.goover29.Uptillnow,therehasbeennoscientificevidenceabout________causedthedeathofdinosaurs. A.whatisitthat B.whatitwasthat C.itwaswhat D.whatisit30.Thoughafarmer,Zhuzhiwenhasbecameahugesuccessasasinger,whosestoryisreally________ofgreatinspiration. A.everything B.nothing C.theone D.one31.Itwasthenaturaldisaster,ratherthanhumanerrors,that________forthedeathofsomanyinnocentpeople. A.areblamed B.wastoblame C.wasblamed D.weretoblame32.—Canyoudomeafavour,Mr.Smith?Mycar______start.—Noproblem.Youcancountonit. A.won’t B.mustn’t C.needn’t D.shouldn’t33._______youconsiderthattheairlinehandled80millionpassengerslastyear,theaccidentfiguresarereallyverysmall. A.Unless B.When C.Before D.Though34.ThatAmericanshavenohistorywhileChinesehavenofuturesounds________;ithasraisedathought provokingquestion,though. A.artificial B.arbitrary C.allergic D.reluctant35.—Mummy,lookatmygloves.Ineedanewpair.—________.Iboughtthemforyouonlyaweekago! A.Youbet B.Yousaidit C.Youdon’tsay D.Younameit第二节:完形填空(共20小题;每小题1分,满分20分)请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Justseveraldaysago,aviolentstormhitourmunity.Ilookedoutofthewindowandwitnessedatreebeing36bythefiercewinds.Thebranchesbent,andswayedbackandforth,thankstotheir37toavoidbreaking.Theleavesdesperatelystucktothebranchesbecausetheirlife38thetree.Thepowerfultrunkthat39thetreeuprightbentslightlybackwardsfromtheforceinabattleto40itsposition. Afterthestormhadpassed,thetreegracefullyreturnedtoits41positionstandingtallamongthechaos.Itmanagedto42thestorm.Itdidn’tlookthesameasleaveshadshedfromitsbranchesandthesoilhadloosenedabit,butwhat43isthatthetreewonthefightforitslife. ForalongtimeIcouldn’tunderstandwhythistree44myattentionthewayitdid.Astimepassed,itbecame45thatitwasn’tjustaboutthetreebutabouttheroots,which,althoughunseen,digdeepintothesoilproviding46andnutrition.Therootsallowthetreetobeabletotakea47becausetheyaretheretosupportthem. Icouldn’tbutaskmyselfhowdeeptherootsareinmylife.48,thenexttimeyoucatchyourkids49,whenthejobisdrivingyoucrazy,whenyouareunderpaidandthe50istight,andwhenthestormsoflifeareraging,gobacktoyourroots.Lifeisfullof51.Theywillmakeyousway,makeyou52,makeyoulosesomeleavesbutthedeeperyourrootsthestrongeryoustand. Facedwith53youmightbendbutdon’tbreak.Nomatterhowhardthewindblowsdon’tletlife54youintoanunfortableposition.Your55liesinyourroots.36.A.crushed B.abused C.broken D.removed37.A.height B.thickness C.flexibility D.outline38.A.answeredfor B.dependedon C.cateredfor D.touchedon39.A.held B.tied C.pulled D.raised40.A.achieve B.reach C.establish D.maintain41.A.current B.final C.original D.fortable42.A.explore B.avoid C.chase D.survive43.A.counts B.differs C.concerns D.reveals44.A.fixed B.transferred C.escaped D.caught45.A.strange B.obvious C.possible D.reasonable46.A.surroundings B.resources C.probability D.stability47.A.beating B.stand C.chance D.turning48.A.However B.Therefore C.Nevertheless D.Besides49.A.misbehaving B.struggling C.withdrawing D.misunderstanding50.A.security B.deadline C.money D.munity51.A.surprises B.choices C.storms D.changes52.A.smile B.bend C.hesitate D.advance53.A.opportunities B.challenges C.tasks D.differences54.A.trick B.argue C.force D.admit55.A.courage B.ambition C.value D.strength第三部分：阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。APrimaveraSound Tokickoffthesummer,there’snobetterplacetobethanBarcelona.Ontheconcertlineup,you’llfindbandslikeTheZombies,ArcadeFire,andBonIver.Thentakesometimetosoakupthelocalfood,wine,andculture.Date:May31–June4,2018

Location:Barcelona,Spain

MusicType:

Indie,rock,hiphop

Price:80€–300€(around$86–$323)

RemendedplacestostayinBarcelona:Hotel1898HotelBarcelonaUniversalMercerHotelBarcelona

GovernorsBall OneofthegreatestsummerconcertsinNewYorkCityisGovernor’sBall,whichtakesplaceinearlyJuneatRandall’sIslandPark.SomeofthemanyartistsplayingincludeTool,Phoenix,Lorde,Flume,andtheWuTangClan.Date:June24,2018

Location:NewYorkCity,NewYork,USA

MusicType:Rock,hiphop,pop

Price:$105–$305RemendedplacestostayinNewYorkCity:WNewYork–UnionSquare,UnionSquare,NewYorkCity,UnitedStatesAloftHarlemSuper8LongIslandCityLGAHotelCourtyardNewYorkManhattan/UpperEastSideBonnaroo Bonnarooisanotherepicsummereventthatdrawsincrowdsofaround60,000eachyear.Someofthemosticonicmusiclegendswillbeplayingthisyear,includingU2,RedHotChiliPeppers,TheWeekend,andChancetheRapper.

Date:June811,2018

Location:

Manchester,Tennessee,USA

MusicType:Rock,hiphop

Price:$210.50–$554+feesRemendedplacestostayinManchester:MicrotelInn&SuitesbyWyndhamManchesterCountryInn&SuitesManchesterTheAmbassadorInn&Luxury56.OnwhichofthedayscanyouenjoyRock,hiphopinPrimaveraSound? A.June1，2018. B.June5，2018. C.June9，2018. D.June11，2018.57.TowitnessiconicmusiclegendChancetheRapperplaying,whichofthefollowingaretheremendedplacestostay？ A.CourtyardNewYorkManhattan. B.HotelBarcelonaUniversal. C.Randall’sIslandPark. D.TheAmbassadorInn&Luxury.B Theremightbeasmanyas10millionspeciesofplexlifeonthisplanettoday——ahugenumber.Butaddupalloftheplexspeciesthateverlivedandsomebiologiststhinkthegrandtotalwouldbeaboutfivebillion.Theestimateleadstoanastonishingconclusion:astaggering99%ofspeciesarenotaroundanymore.Theyhavebeendriventoextinction. Morespeciesarejoiningtheranksoftheextincteveryyear.Manyscientistsbelievewearelivingthroughanepisodeofremarkablyrapidextinction,onascalethathasbeenseenonlyfivetimesinthelasthalfabillionyears.Theycallthiscurrentepisodethesixthmassextinction——alarge,globaldeclineinawidevarietyofspeciesoverarelativelyshortperiodoftime.Andtheytendtoagreethathumansarethemaincause. Overhunting,overfishing,andhumandrivenhabitatlossarepushingmanyspeciestothebrink.Infact,wehavechangedtheplanetsomuchthatsomegeologistsarenowsuggestingthatwehaveenteredanewphaseinEarth’shistory;anepochtheycallthe＂Anthropocene＂.By2100,itisexpectedthathumanswillhavecausedtheextinctionofuptohalfoftheworld’scurrentspecies. Becausewearelivingthroughthisextinction,itisrelativelyeasyforustostudythedrivingforcesbehindit.Buthowdowedeterminewhatcausedothermassdieoffsthathappenedlongago?Todosowehavetolookatwhatarchaeologists,palaeontologists,geologistsandotherscientistshaveconcludedfromtheevidencetheyhavegathered. Thetroubleis,thosescientistsdonotalwaysagreewithoneanother——evenaboutthemostrecentextinctionevent.Aswellasthefiveorsixmassextinctions,therehavealsobeenmanysmallerextinctions. OneoftheseminiextinctioneventshappenedtowardstheendofthePleistocene,afewtensofthousandsofyearsago.Itissometimescalledthe＂megafaunal＂extinctionbecausemanyofthespeciesitclaimedwereparticularlylargeanimals,weighingmorethan97lb(44kg).However,itscauseremainsadebateamongstscientists.Whatcanwelearnaboutthesixthmassextinction？ A.Humansarethemaincauseofit. B.Itmeansaglobaldeclineoveralongtime. C.ItoccurredtowardstheendofthePleistocene. D.Scientistsstilldisagreeaboutthecauseofit.59.Whatcanbeinferredfromthetextaboutspecies？ A.99%ofspecieswillnotbearoundanymoreby2100. B.Bythe22ndcentury,therewillprobablybeaboutfivemilliononthisplanet. C.Abouteightyearslaterwewillenterwhatiscalledthe＂Anthropocene＂. D.Itisnoteasyforustofigureoutcausesbehindthe＂Anthropocene＂.60.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedwordinthelastparagraph? A.Landanimals. B.Marinelife. C.Hugeanimals. D.Flesheatingcreatures.C Abitefromatsetsefly(采采蝇)isanextremelyunpleasantexperience.Itisnotlikeamosquito,whichcanputitsthinmouthpartdirectlyintoyourblood,oftenwithoutyounoticing.Incontrast,thetsetsefly’smouthhastinysawsonitthatsawintoyourskinonitswaytosuckoutyourblood. Tomakemattersworse,severalspeciesoftsetseflycantransmitdiseases.Oneofthemostdangerousisaparasitethatcauses＂sleepingsickness＂,or＂humanAfricantrypanosomiasis＂togiveititsofficialname.Withouttreatment,aninfectionisusuallyfatal. Likesomanytropicaldiseases,sleepingsicknesshasoftenbeenneglectedbymedicalresearchers.However,researchershavelongendeavoredtounderstandhowitavoidsourbodies’defencemechanisms.Someoftheirinsightscouldnowhelpuseliminatesleepingsicknessaltogether. Therearetwocloselyrelatedsinglecelledparasitesthatcausethisdeathlysleep:TrypanosomabruceirhodesienseandT.b.gambiense.Thelatterisfarmoremon:itisresponsibleforupto95%ofcases,mostlyinwesternAfrica.Ittakesseveralyearstokillaperson,whileT.bruceirhodesiensecancausedeathwithinmonths.Therearestillotherformsthatinfectlivestock. Aftertheinitialbite,sleepingsicknesssymptomsoftenstartwithafever,headachesandachingmuscles.Astheillnessgoeson,thoseinfectedbeeincreasinglytired,whichiswhereitgetsitsname.Personalitychanges,severeconfusionandpoorcoordinationcanalsohappen. Whilemedicationdoeshelp,sometreatmentsaretoxicandcanthemselvesbedeadly,especiallyiftheyaregivenafterthediseasehasreachedthebrain. Itisworthnotingthatsleepingsicknessisnolongerasdeadlyasitoncewas.Intheearly20thCenturyseveralhundredthousandpeoplewereinfectedeachyear.Bythe1960sthediseasewasconsidered＂undercontrol＂andhadreachedverylownumbers,makingitsspreadmoredifficult.Butinthe1970stherewasanothermajorepidemic,whichtook20yearstocontrol. Sincethen,betterscreeningprogrammesandearlierinterventionshavereducedthenumberofcasesdramatically.In2009therewerefewerthan10,000casesforthefirsttimesincerecordsbegan,andin2015thisfiguredroppedtofewerthan3,000,accordingtothelatestfiguresfromtheWorldHealthOrganisation.TheWHOhopesthediseasewillbepletelyeliminatedby2020. Whilethisdeclinelookspositive,theremaybemanymorecasesthatgounreportedinruralAfrica.Toeliminatethediseasepletely,infectionshavetobecloselymonitored. Moreproblematically,aseriesofnewstudieshaveshownthattheparasiteismoreplicatedthanpreviouslybelieved. Sleepingsicknesshasalwaysbeenconsidered——anddiagnosed——asablooddisease,becauseT.bruceiparasitescanreadilybedetectedinthebloodofitsvictims.61.Atsetseflyisdifferentfromamosquitointhat________. A.itcanputitsthinmouthpartdirectlyintoyourbloodB.allspeciesoftsetseflycantransmitdiseases C.itcanspreadaparasitethatcauses＂sleepingsickness＂ D.itsmouthhaslargersawsthanthoseonamosquito62.Whatcanbelearnedabout＂sleepingsickness＂accordingtothetext? A.Itisformallycalled＂humanAmericantrypanosomiasis＂. B.Ifleftuntreated,itcanpossiblybedeadly. C.Itremainsasdeadlyasitusedtobe. D.Itusuallydrawsattentionfrommedicalresearchers.63.Whatisimpliedinthelastthreeparagraphs? A.＂Sleepingsickness＂willbepletelyeliminatedby2020. B.Theparasitecausing＂sleepingsickness＂iseasytodetectnow. C.T.bruceiparasitescanonlybedetectedinthebloodofitsvictims. D.Dataabout＂sleepingsickness＂casesmaynotbesoaccurate.64.Whatwouldbethebesttitleofthispassage? A.Amosquitothatcancarrydeadlydiseases. B.Abitefromthisflyputsyouintoadeadlysleep. C.Symptomsthatarecharacteristicof＂sleepingsickness＂. D.Howtocontroldeadly＂sleepingsickness＂fromatsetsefly.D AcardealershipinmyhometownofAlbuquerquewassellingsixtoeightnewcarsaday.Iwasalsotoldthat72percentofthisdealership’sfirsttimevisitorsreturnedforasecondvisit. Iwascurious.Howdoesacardealershipget72percentofitsfirsttimevisitorstoreturn?Andhowcantheysellsixtoeightcarsadayinadecliningcarmarket? WhenIwalkedintoSaturnofAlbuquerquethatFriday,thestafftheredidn’tknowmefromAdam;yettheysharedwithmetheirpricingpolicy,theprofitmarginoneverymodel,andstaffine.TheyevenopenedtheirtrainingmanualsformyreviewandinvitedmebackonSaturdayifIwantedmoreinformation. OnSunday,thedayaftermysecondvisittotheSaturnstore,mywife,Jane,andIwerewalkingaswefrequentlydo.OnthisparticularJunemorning,Janegentlyslippedherhandinmineandsaidtenderly,＂Idon’tknowifyouremember,buttoday’smyfifthanniversaryofbeingcancerfree.＂Iwassurprised,partiallybecauseIwasembarrassedthatIhadforgottenand,partiallybecause....Well,Ididn’tknowwhattodowithJane’sinformation. Thenextday,Monday,Janewentofftoworkteachingschool.Stillnotknowingwhattodotomarkthisspecialoccasion,IdidthemostimpetuousthingI’veeverdoneinmylife:IboughtanewSaturn.Ididn’tpickthecolororthemodel,butIpaidcashandtoldthemI’dbringJaneinonWednesdayat4:30.ItoldthemwhyIwasbuyingthecar. OnTuesday,itdawnedonmethatJanealwayswantedawhitecar.IcalledthesalesconsultantatSaturn,andIaskedhimifhehadanythingwhiteinthestore.Hesaidhehadoneleftbuthecouldn’tguaranteeit’dstillbeavailableonWednesdayat4:30becausetheyweresellingsofast.IsaidI’dtakemychancesandaskedhimtoputitintheshowroom. Wednesdaycame.Unexpectedly,someoneinourfamilywasadmittedtothehospital.So,itwasn’tuntil9:30SaturdaymorningwhenwefinallymadeourwaytotheSaturnstore.JanehadneverbeeninaSaturnstore.Whenwewentthroughthefrontdoor,theLordtookcontrolofherfeetandhermouth.ShesawthatlittlewhiteSaturncoupeallthewayacrosstheshowroomfloor.Shequicklypassedamulticoloredseaofautomobiles,satinthelittlewhiteSaturnandsaid,＂Oh,whataprettylittlecar.CanIhaveanewcar?＂Isaid,＂No.Notuntiloursongraduatesfromcollege.＂Shesaid,＂I’msickandtiredofdrivingthatoldDodge,Iwantanewcar.＂Isaid,＂Ipromise,justthreemoresemestersandhe’llbeout.＂ Next,Janewalkedaroundtothefrontofthecar.Asshelookeditover,sheletoutthemostbloodcurdling,shrillscreamI’deverheardin29yearsofmarriage. Now,beforeItellyouwhyJanescreamed,letmetellyouwhatthesalesconsultanthaddone.Hehadorderedalarge,professionallyengravedsign(whitelettersonblue).ThesignstoodaloneonthehoodofthelittlewhiteSaturncoupe.Itsaid＂Congratulations,Jane.Thiscarisyours.Fiveyearscancerfree.Let’scelebratelife.FromTeamSaturn＂EveryemployeeatSaturnofAlbuquerquehadsignedthebackofthatsign. Janesawit,screamed,collapsedinmyarmsandcriedloudly.Ididn’tknowwhattodo.Iwasintears.Itookoutmyinvoice(发票)fromthepreviousMonday,pointingtothewhitecoupe,said,＂No,honey,thiscarisn’tyours.Iboughtyouthisone.＂Itappedtheinvoicewithmyindexfinger.Janesaid,＂No,Iwantthisonerighthere.＂ Whilethisconversationwasgoingon,therewasnooneinthestore.Thesalesconsultanthadarrangeditsothatwecouldsharethemomentalone.Evenso,it’simpossibletohavealotofprivacywhensomanypeoplearestandingoutsidetheshowroomwindowslookingin.WhenJanescreamedandcollapsedinmyarms,Isaweverybodyoutsideapplaudandbegintocry.65.WhydidthewritervisittheSaturnofAlbuquerquethatFriday? A.Hewantedtocollectsomerawmaterialsforhisstory. B.Hewasaskedtowriteareportaboutthatcarstore. C.Hewastoldthecarstorewaslaunchingapricereductionactivity. D.Hesimplywantedtoseewhythecarstoreenjoyedsomuchpopularity.66.WhydidthewriterbuyanewSaturn? A.Becausehiscarwassooldthathedidn’twanttodriveitanylonger. B.BecauseJanewantedanewcarforherfifthanniversaryofbeingcancerfree. C.Becausehewantedtomarkhiswife’sfifthanniversaryofbeingcancerfree. D.Becausehethoughtthecarcouldbehelpfultohiswife’srecoveryfromcancer.67.Whendidthewriterdecideuponthewhitecar? A.OnthenextTuesday. B.OnthefirstFriday. C.OnthesecondWednesday. D.OnthefirstSaturday.68.HowdidJanefeelwhenshesawthesignonthecar? A.Surprisedandthrilled. B.Angrybutsatisfied. C.Shockedandfrightened. D.Skepticalbutoverjoyed.69.Whichofthefollowingbelongstothemostwonderfulpartofthisstory? A.PayingcashforanewSaturn. B.Pickingupthenewcarinthestore. C.Thecouple’sconversationonthestreet.D.Thewriter’sfirstvisittothecarstore.70.Thepurposeofthewriterwritingthisstoryis________. A.tointroduceanewtypeofcar B.totellreadersofhislovelywife C.tosinghighpraiseforacarstore D.toshowhisdeeploveforhiswife第四部分任务型阅读（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填一个单词。 AgehasitsprivilegesinAmerica,andoneofthemostimportantofthemistheseniorcitizendiscount.Eligibility(资格)isdeterminednotbyone’sneedbutbythedateonone’sbirthcertificate.Thediscountshavebeearoutinepartofmanybusinesses—asmonascolortelevisionsinmotelroomsandfreecoffeeonairliners. Peoplewithgrayhairoftenaregiventhediscountswithoutevenaskingforthem;yet,millionsofAmericansaboveage60arehealthyandsolvent(有支付能力的).Businessesthatwouldneverdareofferdiscountstocollegestudentsoranyoneunder30freelyofferthemtoolderAmericans.Thepracticeisacceptablebecauseofthewidespreadbeliefthat＂elderly＂means＂needy＂.Perhapsthatoncewastrue,buttodayelderlyAmericansasagrouphavealowerpovertyratethantherestofthepopulation.Tobesure,thereiseconomicdiversitywithintheelderly,andmanyolderAmericansarepoor.Butmostofthemaren’t. Itisimpossibletodeterminetheimpactofthediscountsonindividualpanies.Formanyfirms,theyareastimulustorevenue.Butinothercases,thediscountsaregivenattheexpense,directlyorindirectly,ofyoungerAmericans.Moreover,theyareadirectirritant(刺激物)inwhatsomepoliticiansandscholarsseeasaingconflictbetweenthegenerations. GenerationaltensionsarebeingfueledbycontinuingdebateoverSocialSecuritybenefits,whichmostlyinvolveatransferofresourcesfromtheyoungtotheold.Employmentisanothersorepoint.Supportedbylawsandcourtdecisions,moreandmoreolderAmericansaredecliningtheretirementdinnerinfavorofstayingonthejob—therebylesseningemploymentandpromotionopportunitiesforyoungerworkers. Farfromakindofcharitytheyoncewere,seniorcitizendiscountshavebeeaprivilegetoagroupwithmillionsofmemberswhodon’tneedthem. Itnolongermakessensetotreattheelderlyasasinglegroupwhoseeconomicneedsdeservepriorityoverthoseofothers.Seniorcitizendiscountsonlyenhancethemyththatolderpeoplecan’ttakecareofthemselvesandneedspecialtreatment;andtheythreatenthecreationofanewmyth,thattheelderlyareungratefulandtakingforthemselvesattheexpenseofchildrenandotheragegroups.SeniorcitizendiscountsaretheessenceoftheverythingolderAmericansarefightingagainst—discriminationbyage.OutlineDetailsIntroductionAgedetermineswhetheranAmericancanbegivenadiscount,whichisamon(71)______inAmericanbusinesslifetoday.OriginofseniorcitizendiscountSincetheseniorcitizensareoftentreatedaspeoplewhoarein(72)______，theyaregivensuchpriority.(73)______situation●Thesituationhaschangedalotwherethemajorityoftheelderlyarenotpooratall.●YoungerAmericanswereata(n)(74)______directlyorindirectlyduetothediscountsgiventotheelderly,thusleadingtoconflictsbetweengenerations.●ThenumberofolderAmericans(75)______toworkratherthanretireisontheincrease,whichmeans(76)______opportunitiesforyoungworkers.●Itisnolongerakindofch