2022春季14-上海高一英语教案-完型填空（学生版）

第十四讲

完型填空

知识框架

通览

解题步骤a试填

攵核

依据首旬线索,紧Uij题选择

完型填空©仔细推敲，注意逻轼关系和过渡词

注意固定搭配，常用甸型

解题技巧e挂鲤些则的辨析

■根据生活常识以及文化背景确定选项

利用领&现或同现，选择最佳选项

仔细分析长难句

知识梳理

主要考察动词、名词、形容词、副词。偶尔有过渡词、介词短语、连词。体裁上以议论文

和说明文为主。

一、解题步骤

1、通览——速读全文，把握大意

2

快速阅读一下全文，通过通览全文领会大意，概略地了解文章的体裁、背景、内容、结

构层次、情节、写作风格等等。

2、试填——紧扣文意，瞻前顾后

先易后难，逐层深入。紧扣全文内容，联系上下文和语境，展开逻辑推理，注意从上下

文中寻找线索，注意词汇的意义、搭配，惯用法，语法，常识等多个角度进行综合考虑。

3、复核全面检查，确保语意连贯，用词准确

试填后，要把全文再通读一遍，注意看所选答案填入空白处后能否做到文章意思通顺、

前后连贯、逻辑严谨、结构完整、首尾呼应。

二、解题技巧

1、依据首句线索，紧扣主题选择。首句通常是文章的主题句，通常不设空，便于考生

对短文主题、内容或背景有个大概了解。它的目的是向考生提供时间、地点、人物、事件、

论点等有用的信息。把握了主题句，对于理解全文和解题很有帮助。

Ifyoustudiedpicturesthatancientpeopleleftonrockwallsandyoutriedtodeterminetheir

meaning,youwouldnotdetectinterestinromanceamongtheartists.—51—,youwouldsee

plentyofanimalswithpeoplerunningafterthem.Lifeforancientpeopleseemedtocenteron

huntingandgatheringwildfoodsformeals.

51.A.InsteadB.ThereforeC.MoreoverD.Otherwise

2、仔细推敲，注意逻辑关系和过渡词。做题时，要充分利用上下文，找到适当的逻辑关

系。常考逻辑关系有：并列、转折、递进、对比、因果、让步、例证等。分为以下5种关

系：

①对立关系

包括让步和转折关系，常见的标志词和短语：but,however,yet,onthecontrary,by

contrast,unfortunately,although,eventhough,nevertheless,inspiteof,regardlessof,anyhow,

insteadof,ratherthan,not...but等。

②因果关系

常用的标志词和短语有：because,for,since,as,thus,hence,therefore,so,so...that,

such...that,inorderthat,consequently,accordingly,dueto,thanksto,inresponseto,onaccount

of,becauseof,consideringthat,seeingthat,inthat,nowthat,asaresult,forthisreason等。

③并列关系

常用的标志词和短语有：and,or,neither...nor,either...or,notonly...butalso,likewise,

similarly,equally,inthesameway,thatistosay,aswellas,thesame…as等。

④总分关系

常用的标志词和短语有：suchas,forexample,forinstance,toillustrate,asanillustration,

totakeanexample,morespecifically等。

⑤递进关系

常用的标志词和短语有：then,besides,additionally,inaddition,furthermore,moreover,

whatismore,whafsworse,evenworse等。

Manypeoplethinkthatlisteningisapassivebusiness.Itisjustthe_51—one.Listening

wellisanactiveexerciseofourattentionandhardwork.

51.A.positiveB.oppositeC.sameD.wrong

3、注意固定搭配，常用句型。包括动词与介词的搭配、动词与名词的搭配以及形容词

3

与名词的搭配等，同时要根据内容选择正确的短语。

A—60—ofpeoplenowbelieve-incorrectly-thatglobalwarmingisnotevencausedby

humans.

60.A.mixtureB.majorityC.quantityD.crowd

4、注意同形词的辨析。

Digitalfingerprinting,fluctuations（波动）inthedollarexchangerate,andamassofonline

informationaresomeofthewaysmakingtraveltotheUnitedNationsin2010adifferent_51—

forinternationalvisitorsthanitwasearlierinthe21stcentury.

51.A.experimentB.examinationC.experienceD.excursion

5、根据生活常识以及文化背景确定选项。

EFLteachersoftencomplainthatstudents,despiteyearsofstudyingEnglish,simplywillnot

speakit.They'retoo_63_makingmistakesofthegrammarormispronouncingwordsinaway

thatwould_64—them.

63.A.confidentinB.comfortablewithC.keenonD.afraidof

64.A.amuseB.informC.remindD.embarrass

6、利用原词复现或同现，选择最佳选项。

在完型填空中，某一词语通常重复出现，使得语篇中的句子相互衔接和连贯，从而构成

一个完整的意义整体。同现指意义上相互联系的单词同时出现在同一语篇中。

名词同现：与一个话题或一个名词出现在同一个语境的另一个名词。如：school—primary

school-middleschool-college-universitystudents-pupils-graduates

动词同现：与一个话题或一个名词出现在同一个语境的另一个动词。如：school-teach—

learn-attend-found-dropoutgraduate-bedismissed

形容词同现；就某一语境而言所能出现的形容词也是有规律的。如：keyschool-optional

course~~compulsorycourse

The_60_Knows

........Smell,however,doesseemtoplayapartinhumanattraction.

60.A.NoseB.EyeC.HeartD.Hand

7、仔细分析长难句。找出句子主干，主从句，定语状语等。

Intoday'sAmericansociety,highschooldropouthasdaybydaygrownintoabigproblem

threateningsocialandeconomicstability,asmanycasesoffamily_51—oreventragedies,

causedbyyouthdropoutaregrabbingheadlinesinmedia.

51.A.objectionsB.conflictsC.establishmentsD.happiness

分析：第一层是as引导的原因状语从句，主句是schooldropouthasgrownintoabig

problem.后面紧跟现在分词作定语。as从句中caused过去分词作后置定语。在进行句子

分析时，一定注意把定语等找出来。

例题讲解

例1.完型填空

Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,

CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.

4

Anexperimentshowsthatatypeofhumanbehaviorisconformity,whichmaybedefinedas

awillingnesstoadoptthesamebehaviorandattitudesasthoseseeninotherpeople.【首段点明

论题并解释】

Inordertoexperienceasenseofbelongingstoaparticulargroup,anindividualmay

willingly___41___【要找到归属感必然要采纳或接受群体的价值观和行为，选adopt}the

group'svaluesandbehavior.Often,however,anindividualwillconformtothebehaviorofthose

aroundhimevenwhentheyaretotal___42__.【从上文的两个提示词推断唧使是周围的人是

完全陌生不认识时，个体依然随从他们的行为“，选］Itseemsthatmanyhuman

beingsdon'tliketo___43___【既然对群体保持认同，就不喜欢在群体中脱颖而出，选

outlinacrowdorseemtobedifferentfromthosearoundthem,andtheyhaveastrong___44___

toconformtothebehaviorofotherpeoplesimplytoavoidmakingthemselves___45___.【从文

章的论点得出，人们有很强烈的愿望与其他人的行为保持一致，只是为了不让自己引人注意。

因止匕44题选desire；45题选noticeableoiPeoplewillalsoavoidbecoming___46___asituation

iftheycanshrugofftheirresponsibilityby___47___thatsomeoneelsewilldosomething.【有的

人与群体保持一致是为了推卸责任，认为其他人会做的事情，自己就避免深陷其中。因此

46是involvedin；47assuming!Whenanapparentmurdertookplaceoutsideablockofflatsin

NewYork,residentsmusthave___48___orseensomething,yettherewasno___49___tothe

policeandnoonecameouttohelporinvestigate.【举例说明，在纽约的一个街区发生凶杀案的

时候，当地的居民肯定看到或听到一些事情，但是没有人报警或协助调查。48.成〃4；49.calll

Another___50___【从下文得知，作者通过一个实验继续举例论证，选experiment】

showedthatsomepeoplewillchangetheiropinioninordertoconformtothemajority___51___.

【从上文的线索得知，是为了迎合大多数人的观点，概念自己的观点。选直ew】Agroupof

peoplewereshownapictureofaseriesoflinesandaskedtochoosethosewhichweremost

—52—inlength.【选出在长度上相同的线，选〃跟e“相同的，相像的"。JAll—53—

【所有的人除了其中的一个提前被告知说出一个错误的答案，选except】oneofthepeoplein

thegrouphadbeeninformed___54___仅"事先;以前togiveawronganswer.Theone

whohadnotbeeninformedinadvancedidnotknowthisandatfirstgavethecorrectanswer.But.

whenheheardtheothers,hechangedhismindandagreedto___55___【改变自己的观点，接受

别人是对的，选accept】thattheotherswereright.

41.A.rejectB.adoptC.adaptD.adjust

42.A.strangersB.friendsC.opponentsD.neighbors

43.A.putupB.rushoutC.escapefromD.standout

44.A.instinctB.dreamC.desireD.goal

45.A.confusedB.unexpectedC.desirableD.noticeable

46.A.involvedinB.takenoutC.isolatedfromD.ignorantof

47.A.estimatingB.assumingC.planningD.assuring

48.A.investigatedB.indicatedC.heardD.confirmed

49.A.complaintB.hintC.commentD.call

50.A.experimentB.factorC.proposalD.description

51.A.viewB.trustC.argumentD.agreement

52.A.apartB.sameC.likelyD.alike

53.A.exceptB.besidesC.includingD.considering

54.A.definitelyB.previouslyC.doubtfullyD.clearly

55.A.referB.declineC.acceptD.suppose

【难度】★★★

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针对训练

[PP11

一、完型填空

Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,

CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.[2020上师大附中月

考】

Theancientartofoperacanbebrilliantentertainment;itisa(n)(21)ofmusic,drama,

andsometimesdance,stagedwithelabo丫ate(精心制作的)setsofcostumes.Operaisoften

(22)bymany,however,partlybecauseofsomeofthestereotypes(成见)associatedwithit.

Someofitscriticssaythatthenarrativesaretoocomplex.Otherscomplainthatoperascannotbe

understoodbecausetheyareoftenperformedin(23)languages.Stereotypesaside,opera

isanartformenjoyedbymany(24)lovers.Operascanbecomediesortragediesor

storiestakenfromhistory.

Thestoryofanoperaisgenerallysimplesoastoavoid(25)theaudiencefromthe

music.Thelibretto,orscript,setseachsceneanddescribestheactioninbothwordsandstage

directions.Themusicofanopera-thewayitadvancestheactionandthefeelingsitinspiresin

thelisteners-is(26)important.Thethreeprincipalmusical(27)arethe

overture(前奏曲),therecitative(朗诵调),andthearia(咏叹调).

Theovertureistheinstrumentalintroductiontotheopera,thepurposeofwhichhasbeen

(28)overtime.Duringthenineteenthcentury,theoverturebegantocombinesnippetsof

melodiesfromarias,ballets,andothermusicalelementsinamedleyoftheopera?smusical

themes.

Arecitativeislessasongthanamonologue(独白)thatissungratherthan(29).A

recitativeisanelement,olderthantheoverture,whichwasinventedatthebeginningofthe

seventeenthcenturyasameansoftelling(30)inmusic;thefirstoperaswereactuallya

seriesofrecitativesjoinedbymusicalinterludes.Becauseanoperaisbasicallyaplaysettomusic,

therecitativeisameansoftellingthe(31)whatisgoingonandwhatisabouttohappen.

Anariaisasoloperformance-oftenoneofthehighlightsoftheopera.Ariascanbe

declarationsofloveor(32)ofhope,happiness,sorrow,oranguish.Manycomposershave

writtenariasto(33)thevocalgiftsofsingers;somesopyanos(女高音歌手)wereindeed

famousfortheveryhighnotesthattheycouldsing.(34),ariasarenottheonlysongsin

opera.Duets,compositionsforthreeorfourvoices,andlarge-groupnumbersarealsocommon.

Thesediversemusicalelements,(35)visualelementsincostumesandsetsaswellasthe

dramaticcontentofthestory,maketheoperathecomplexartformthatitis.

21.A.explorationB.mixtureC.researchD.experiment

22.A.unappreciatedB.composedC.enjoyedD.favored

23.A.localB.nativeC.foreignD.official

24.A.gossipB.historyC.movieD.music

25.A.releasingB.separatingC.distractingD.disappointing

26.A.particularlyB.rarelyC.originallyD.historically

27.A.tastesB.elementsC.skillsD.talents

28.A.statedB.describedC.lackedD.evolved

29.A.imaginedB.remindedC.spokenD.written

30.A.storiesB.newsC.jokesD.lies

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31.A.musiciansB.audienceC.directorsD.performers

32.A.rightsB.reasonsC.expressionsD.expenses

33.A.improveB.showC.involveD.practise

34.A.MoreoverB.OtherwiseC.ThereforeD.However

35.A.brokenintoB.appliedtoC.combinedwithD.matchedwith

【难度】★★★

能力提升

一、完型填空

Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,

CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.[2020行知期中】

Yes,YourDogDoesUnderstandYou!

Mostdogownersareconvincedthattheirfour-leggedfriendsknowexactlywhattheymean

whentheyusecertainwordslikesit,stay,ortreat.However,researchershavealwayswondered

whetherdogsreallyunderstandhumanspeechoriftheyrelyonother(41)toinferthe

meaning.AnewstudybyscientistsatAtlanta'sEmoryUniversityseemstoindicatethat"man's

bestfriend^^isnot(42)it-he/shedoesindeedknowwhattheownerissaying.

“Manydogownersthinkthattheirdogsknowwhatsomewordsmean,buttherereallyisn't

muchscientific(43)tosupportthat.Wewantedtogetdatafromthedogsthemselves

——notjustownerreports,9,saidAshleyPrichard,aPh.D.atEmory'sDepartmentofPsychology

andthestudy9sfirstauthor.

Theresearchersbeganbyaskingtheownersoftwelvedogsofvarious(44)to

traintheirpetstoidentifytwotoyswithdifferenttextures—suchasastuffedanimalandaball

一byname.Oncethedogshad(45)thetask,theytookturnsinsideafunctional

magneticresonanceimagingscanner(fMRI).Theownersthentestedtheirdogsbyfirstcallingout

thenamesofthetoystheyhadbeentrainedtorecognizeandthensayingmeaninglesswordssuch

as“bobbu”and“bodmick“whileholdingup(46)objectsthedogshadn'tseen

before.

ThefMRIscansrevealedthattheregionsofthedogs'brains(47)

forauditoryprocessingshoweddifferentbrainpatternswhentheyheardwordstheywerefamiliar

with,comparedwiththeonestheyhadneverencounteredbefore.(48)notenoughto

provethatthedogswerepicturingtheirtoyswhentheyheardtheword,itdidindicatesomesort

of(49).Theresearchersbelievethisisanimportantstepforwardinunderstanding

howdogs(50)language.

Evenmoreinterestingwasthatthedog'sbrainsshowedahigherlevelofneuralactivityatthe

soundofunknownwords.Thisistheexact(51)ofwhathappensinhumanbrains,

whichgetmoreactiveatthesoundoffamiliarwords.Theresearchershypothesizethedogsmay

(52)thesoundofnewwordstotrytounderstandtheminthehopesofdelighting

theirmasters.t6Dogsultimatelywantto(53)theirowners,andperhapsalsoreceive

praiseorfdod,“saysEmoryGregoryBurns,seniorauthorofthestudy.

However,thoughyourpetmayunderstandhumanspeech,thescientistsrecommendusing

(54)andscentcuesfortraining.<4Whenpeoplewanttoteachtheirdogatrick,they

7

oftenuseaverbalcommandbecausethat'swhatwehumansprefer,Prichardsays."Fromthe

dog's(55),however,avisualcommandmightbemoreeffective,helpingthedog

learnthetrickfaster.

41.A.cluesB.wordsC.behaviorsD.toys

42.A.playingB.fakingC.imitatingD.holding

43.A.informationB.evidencec.experienceD.advice

44.A.gendersB.sizesc.coloursD.breeds

45.A.masteredB.learnedc.triedD.quit

46.A.specificB.randomc.particularD.strange

47.A.fitB.responsiblec.readyD.common

48.A.ThereforeB.Yetc.WhileD.But

49.A.recognitionB.potentialc.discoveryD.recall

50.A.masterB.acquirec.learnD.process

51.A.certainB.oppositec.criticalD.equal

52.A.rebelagainstB.feeldownwithc.brightenupatD.puzzleover

53.A.pleaseB.surprisec.annoyD.approach

54.A.verbalB.visualc.audioD.lingual

55.A.partB.memoryc.appearanceD.perspective

【难度】★★★

二、翻译

Directions:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsgiveninthebrackets.

【2020行知期末】

1.如果乐队达到了他的要求，指挥会喜极而泣。(weep)

2.对观众来说，完全没必要担心他们最爱的明星。(there)

3.头条的重要性不言而喻，但还是要更加重视报纸的内容。(emphasis)

4.只要在午夜前订阅，作为额外奖励，你将获得一份含有世界主要景点的地图册。(where)

【难度】★★★★

8

巩固精进

一、完型填空

Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,

CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.【2019新中期中】

Howimportantisadegreeforacareer?Doyouneedadegreeinordertofulfillyourdreams?

Therearesomecareersforwhichformaltrainingandadegreeisa(n)___41___must.Would

youbewillingtoseeadoctorwhohadn't___42___themechanicsofthehumanbody?How

about___43___anarchitecttobuildyourhousewhohadneverseenafloorplanbefore?Ididn't

thinkso.Soifyouwanttobecomeadoctor,andarchitect,anaccountant,anengineer,adentistor

anyofthosejobsforwhich___44___skillsareneeded,thentheanswertothequestionaboveis

straightforward.It'sveryimportant!Butformostpeople,___45___aspirations(抱负)arevague

andmanyofusdoadegreeinasubjectwearegoodatinthehopethatallwillbecome___46___.

Auniversitydegreecanmakeyou___47___.Today,thejobmarketis___48___.Thereare

lotsofpeoplecompetingforthejobs___49___andhowisanemployertochoose?Ifyouhavea

universitydegreeandhavespenttimelearningandeducatingyourself,thisisattractivetoa

potential___50___.Furthermore,___51___enrichingactivities(particularlybeinginvolvedina

team)whileatuniversitycanshowthatyouareateamplayer,whichcanbeveryimportantinthe

worldofwork.

Duringyouruniversitydegreeyouwilllearnmuchmorethansimplefacts.Youwilllearn

aboutyourself,itcan___52___youforsituationsinyourfuturethatcould___53___be

discouraging.Youwillneedtolearntoworkandlivewithothers,youwillhaveaccesstoworld

expertsandbegiventhe___54___todevelopspecialskillsandqualitiesyoumightneverhave

knownyouhad!Ifsanopportunityforgreatpersonal__55___butitalsoteachesyoudiscipline.

41.A.relativeB.variousC.secondaryD.absolute

42.A.learntB.taughtC.managedD.suffered

43.A.dismissingB.practicingC.employingD.persuading

44.A.highly-paidB.highly-specializedC.highly-regardedD.highly-organized

45.A.strongB.politicalC.commonD.professional

46.A.clearB.vagueC.efficientD.convenient

47.A.giveoutB.bringoutC.standoutD.wearout

48.A.necessaryB.toughC.inspiringD.enormous

49.A.accessibleB.advisableC.sensibleD.available

50.A.competitorB.colleagueC.employerD.advisor

51.A.engaginginB.droppinginC.lookingintoD.runninginto

52.A.allowB.prepareC.provideD.mistake

53.A.furthermoreB.henceC.otherwiseD.therefore

54.A.circumstanceB.situationC.presentationD.method

55.A.talentB.careerC.dreamD.growth

【难度】★★★★

二、H—选十

Directions:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonly

beusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.[2020封浜期末】

A.fightingB.immediatelyC.amazedD.resultsE.annoyed

F.figuringG.admireH.rarelyI.fearsJ.valuedK.connected