2024届高考英语 二轮复习 热考主题 历史、文化与艺术 阅读训练（含解析）

热考主题历史、文化与艺术Passage1BikeRental&GuidedToursWelcometoAmsterdam,welcometoMacBike.Youseemuchmorefromtheseatofabike!Cyclingisthemosteconomical,sustainableandfunwaytoexplorethecity,withitsbeautifulcanals,parks,squaresandcountlesslights.YoucanalsobikealonglovelylandscapesoutsideofAmsterdam.WhyMacBikeMacBikehasbeenaroundforalmost30yearsandisthebiggestbicyclerentalcompanyinAmsterdam.Withover2,500bikesstoredinourfiverentalshopsatstrategiclocations,wemakesurethereisalwaysabikeavailableforyou.Weofferthenewestbicyclesinawidevariety,includingbasicbikeswithfootbrake(刹车),bikeswithhandbrakeandgears(排挡),bikeswithchildseats,andchildren’sbikes.PricesGuidedCityToursThe2.5-hourtourcoverstheGooyerWindmill,theSkinnyBridge,theRijksmuseum,HeinekenBreweryandmuchmore.ThetourdepartsfromDamSquareeveryhouronthehour,startingat1:00pmeveryday.YoucanbuyyourticketinaMacBikeshoporbookonline.1.WhatisanadvantageofMacBike?A.Itgiveschildrenadiscount.B.Itoffersmanytypesofbikes.C.Itorganizesfreecycletours.D.Ithasover2,500rentalshops.2.Howmuchdoyoupayforrentingabikewithhandbrakeandthreegearsfortwodays?A.€15.75. B.€19.50. C.€22.75. D.€29.50.3.Wheredoestheguidedcitytourstart?A.TheGooyerWindmill. B.TheSkinnyBridge.C.HeinekenBrewery. D.DamSquare.Passage2ReadingArt:ArtforBookLoversisacelebrationofaneverydayobject—thebook,representedhereinalmostthreehundredartworksfrommuseumsaroundtheworld.Theimageofthereaderappearsthroughouthistory,inartmadelongbeforebooksaswenowknowthemcameintobeing.Inartists’representationsofbooksandreading,weseemomentsofsharedhumanitythatgobeyondcultureandtime.Inthis"bookofbooks,"artworksareselectedandarrangedinawaythatemphasizestheseconnectionsbetweendifferenterasandcultures.Weseescenesofchildrenlearningtoreadathomeoratschool,withthebookasafocusforrelationsbetweenthegenerations.Adultsareportrayed(描绘)aloneinmanysettingsandposes—absorbedinavolume,deepinthoughtorlostinamomentofleisure.Thesescenesmayhavebeenpaintedhundredsofyearsago,buttheyrecordmomentswecanallrelateto.

Booksthemselvesmaybeusedsymbolicallyinpaintingstodemonstratetheintellect(才智),wealthorfaithofthesubject.Beforethewideuseoftheprintingpress,booksweretreasuredobjectsandcouldbeworksofartintheirownright.Morerecently,asbookshavebecomeinexpensiveoreventhrowaway,artistshaveusedthemastherawmaterialforartworks—transformingcovers,pagesorevencompletevolumesintopaintingsandsculptures.Continueddevelopmentsincommunicationtechnologieswereoncebelievedtomaketheprintedpageoutdated.Froma21st-centurypointofview,theprintedbookiscertainlyancient,butitremainsasinteractiveasanybattery-powerede-reader.Toserveitsfunction,abookmustbeactivatedbyauser:thecoveropened,thepagesparted,thecontentsreviewed,perhapsnoteswrittendownorwordsunderlined.Andincontrasttoourincreasinglynetworkedliveswheretheinformationweconsumeismonitoredandtracked,aprintedbookstilloffersthechanceofawhollyprivate,"off-line"activity.1.Whereisthetextmostprobablytakenfrom?A.Anintroductiontoabook. B.Anessayontheartofwriting.C.Aguidebooktoamuseum. D.Areviewofmodernpaintings.2.Whataretheselectedartworksabout?A.Wealthandintellect. B.Homeandschool.C.Booksandreading. D.Workandleisure.3.Whatdotheunderlinedwords"relateto"inparagraph2mean?A.Understand. B.Paint. C.Seize. D.Transform.4.Whatdoestheauthorwanttosaybymentioningthee-reader?A.Theprintedbookisnottotallyoutofdate.B.Technologyhaschangedthewayweread.C.Ourlivesinthe21stcenturyarenetworked.D.Peoplenowrarelyhavethepatiencetoread.Passage3Ifyouwanttotellthehistoryofthewholeworld,ahistorythatdoesnotprivilegeonepartofhumanity,youcannotdoitthroughtextsalone,becauseonlysomeoftheworldhaseverhadtexts,whilemostoftheworld,formostofthetime,hasnot.Writingisoneofhumanity’slaterachievements,anduntilfairlyrecentlyevenmanyliterate(有文字的)societiesrecordedtheirconcernsnotonlyinwritingbutinthings.Ideallyahistorywouldbringtogethertextsandobjects,andsomechaptersofthisbookareabletodojustthat,butinmanycaseswesimplycan’t.Theclearestexampleofthisbetweenliterateandnon-literatehistoryisperhapsthefirstconflict,atBotanyBay,betweenCaptainCook’svoyageandtheAustralianAboriginals.FromtheEnglishside,wehavescientificreportsandthecaptain’srecordofthatterribleday.FromtheAustralianside,wehaveonlyawoodenshield(盾)droppedbyamaninflightafterhisfirstexperienceofgunshot.Ifwewanttoreconstructwhatwasactuallygoingonthatday,theshieldmustbequestionedandinterpretedasdeeplyandstrictlyasthewrittenreports.Inadditiontotheproblemofmiscomprehensionfrombothsides,therearevictoriesaccidentallyordeliberatelytwisted,especiallywhenonlythevictorsknowhowtowrite.Thosewhoareonthelosingsideoftenhaveonlytheirthingstotelltheirstories.TheCaribbeanTaino,theAustralianAboriginals,theAfricanpeopleofBeninandtheIncas,allofwhomappearinthisbook,canspeaktousnowoftheirpastachievementsmostpowerfullythroughtheobjectstheymade:ahistorytoldthroughthingsgivesthembackavoice.Whenweconsidercontact(联系)betweenliterateandnon-literatesocietiessuchasthese,allourfirst-handaccountsarenecessarilytwisted,onlyonehalfofadialogue.Ifwearetofindtheotherhalfofthatconversation,wehavetoreadnotjustthetexts,buttheobjects.1.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A.Howpasteventsshouldbepresented.B.Whathumanityisconcernedabout.C.Whetherfactsspeaklouderthanwords.D.Whywrittenlanguageisreliable.2WhatdoestheauthorindicatebymentioningCaptainCookinparagraph2?A.Hisreportwasscientific. B.Herepresentedthelocalpeople.C.HeruledoverBotanyBay. D.Hisrecordwasone-sided.3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"conversation"inparagraph3referto?A.Problem. B.History. C.Voice. D.Society.4.Whichofthefollowingbooksisthetextmostlikelyselectedfrom?A.HowMapsTellStoriesoftheWorldB.AShortHistoryofAustraliaC.AHistoryoftheWorldin100ObjectsD.HowArtWorksTellStoriesPassage4Iwasabout13whenanunclegavemeacopyofJosteinGaarder’sSophie’sWorld.Itwasfullofideasthatwerenewtome,soIspentthesummerwithmyheadinandoutofthatbook.Itspoketomeandbroughtmeintoaworldofphilosophy(哲学).ThatloveforphilosophylasteduntilIgottocollege.NothingkillstheloveforphilosophyfasterthanpeoplewhothinktheyunderstandFoucault,Baudrillard,orConfuciusbetterthanyou—andthentrytoexplainthem.EricWeiner’sTheSocratesExpress:InSearchofLifeLessonsfromDeadPhilosophersreawakenedmyloveforphilosophy.Itisnotanexplanation,butaninvitationtothinkandexperiencephilosophy.Weinerstartseachchapterwithasceneonatrainridebetweencitiesandthenframeseachphilosopher’sworkinthecontext(背景)ofonethingtheycanhelpusdobetter.TheendresultisareadinwhichwelearntowonderlikeSocrates,seelikeThoreau,listenlikeSchopenhauer,andhavenoregretslikeNietzsche.This,morethanabookaboutunderstandingphilosophy,isabookaboutlearningtousephilosophytoimprovealife.Hemakesphilosophicalthoughtanappealingexercisethatimprovesthequalityofourexperiences,andhedoessowithplentyofhumor.Weinerentersintoconversationwithsomeofthemostimportantphilosophersinhistory,andhebecomespartofthatcrowdintheprocessbydecoding(解读)theirmessagesandaddinghisowninterpretation.TheSocratesExpressisafun,sharpbookthatdrawsreadersinwithitsapparentsimplicityandgraduallypullsthemindeeperthoughtsondesire,loneliness,andaging.Theinvitationisclear:Weinerwantsyoutopickupacoffeeorteaandsitdownwiththisbook.Iencourageyoutotakehisoffer.It’sworthyourtime,eveniftimeissomethingwedon’thavealotof.1.Whoopenedthedoortophilosophyfortheauthor?A.Foucault. B.EricWeiner. C.JosteinGaarder. D.Acollegeteacher.2.Whydoestheauthorlistgreatphilosophersinparagraph4?A.TocompareWeinerwiththem. B.Togiveexamplesofgreatworks.C.Topraisetheirwritingskills. D.TohelpreadersunderstandWeiner’sbook.3.WhatdoestheauthorlikeaboutTheSocratesExpress?A.Itsviewsonhistoryarewell-presented.B.Itsideascanbeappliedtodailylife.C.Itincludescommentsfromreaders.D.Itleavesanopenending.4.WhatdoestheauthorthinkofWeiner’sbook?A.Objectiveandplain. B.Daringandambitious.C.Seriousandhardtofollow. D.Humorousandstraightforward.Passage5HenryRaeburn(1756-1823)TheExhibitionThisexhibitionofsomesixtymasterpiecescelebratingthelifeandworkofScotland’sbestlovedpainter,SirHenryRaeburn,comestoLondon.Selectedfromcollectionsthroughouttheworld,itisthefirstmajorexhibitionofhisworktobeheldinoverfortyyears.LectureSeriesScottishNationalPortrait(肖像画)Gallerypresentsaseriesoflecturesforthegeneralpublic.TheyareheldintheLectureRoom.Admissiontolecturesisfree.ExhibitionTimesMonday‒Saturday10.00-17.45Sunday12.00-17.45Lastadmissiontotheexhibition:17.15.Thereisnore-admission.Closed:24‒26Decemberand1JanuaryAdmission￡4.Childrenunder12yearsaccompaniedbyanadultareadmittedfree.SchoolsandCollegesAspeciallowentrancechargeof￡2perpersonisavailabletoallinfull-timeeducation,uptoandincludingthoseatfirstdegreelevel,inorganisedgroupswithteachers.1.WhatistherighttimeforattendingRaeburn’sEnglishContemporaries?A.Sun.26Oct. B.Thurs.30Oct. C.Thurs.6Nov. D.Thurs.13Nov.2.Howmuchwouldacouplewithtwochildrenunder12payforadmission?A.￡4. B.￡8. C.￡12. D.￡16.3.Howcanfull-timestudentsgetgroupdiscounts?A.TheyshouldgoonSundaymornings. B.Theyshouldcomefromartschools.C.Theymustbeledbyteachers. D.TheymusthaveIDcardswiththem.Passage6In1916,twogirlsofwealthyfamilies,bestfriendsfromAuburn,N.Y.—DorothyWoodruffandRosamondUnderwood—traveledtoasettlementintheRockyMountainstoteachinaone-roomschoolhouse.ThegirlshadgonetoSmithCollege.Theyworeexpensiveclothes.SoforthemtomovetoElkhead,Colo.toinstructthechildrenwhoseshoeswereheldtogetherwithstringwasasurprise.TheirstayinElkheadisthesubjectofNothingDaunted:TheUnexpectedEducationofTwoSocietyGirlsintheWestbyDorothyWickenden,whoisamagazineeditorandDorothyWoodruff’sgranddaughter.Whydidtheygothen?Well,theywantedtodosomethinguseful.Soon,however,theyrealizedwhattheyhadundertaken.Theymovedinwithalocalfamily,theHarrisons,and,likethem,hadlittleprivacy,rarebaths,andablanketofsnowontheirquiltwhentheywokeupinthemorning.Somemornings,RosamondandDorothywouldarriveattheschoolhousetofindthechildrenweepingfromthecold.Inspring,thesnowwasreplacedbymudoverice.InWickenden’sbook,sheexpandedonthehistoryoftheWestandalsoonfeminism,whichofcourseinfluencedthegirls’decisiontogotoElkhead.Ahair-raisingsectionconcernsthebuildingoftherailroads,whichentailed(牵涉)drillingthroughtheRockies,ofteninblindingsnowstorms.ThebookendswithRosamondandDorothy’sreturntoAuburn.Wickendenisaverygoodstoryteller.Thesweepofthelandandthestoicism(坚忍)ofthepeoplemovehertosomebeautifulwriting.HereisapictureofDorothyWoodruff,onherhorse,lookingdownfromahilltop:"Whenthesunslippedbehindthemountains,itshedarosyglowallaroundthem.Thenafullmoonrose.Thesnowwasmarkedonlybysmallanimals:foxes,coyotes,mice,andvaryinghares,whichturnedwhiteinthewinter."1.WhydidDorothyandRosamondgototheRockyMountains?A.Toteachinaschool. B.TostudyAmericanhistory.C.Towriteabook. D.Todosightseeing.2.Whatcanwelearnaboutthegirlsfromparagraph3?A.Theyenjoyedmuchrespect. B.Theyhadaroomwithabathtub.C.Theylivedwiththelocalkids. D.Theysufferedseverehardships.3.WhichpartofWickenden’swritingishair-raising?A.TheextremeclimateofAuburn. B.ThelivingconditionsinElkhead.C.TherailroadbuildingintheRockies. D.ThenaturalbeautyoftheWest.4.Whatisthetext?A.Anewsreport. B.Abookreview. C.Achildren’sstory. D.Adiaryentry.Passage7Sometimeintheearly1960s,asignificantthinghappenedinSydney,Australia.Thecitydiscovereditsharbor.Then,oneafteranother,Sydneydiscoveredlotsofthingsthatwerejustsortofthere—broadparks,superbbeaches,andaculturallydiversepopulation.Butitistheharborthatmakesthecity.AndrewReynolds,acheerfulfellowinhisearly30s,pilotsSydneyferryboatsforaliving.Ispentthewholemorningshuttlingbackandforthacrosstheharbor.AfterourthirdrunAndrewshutdowntheengine,andwewentourseparateways—heforalunchbreak,Itoexplorethecity."I’llmisstheseoldboats,"hesaidasweparted."Howdoyoumean?"Iasked."Oh,they’rereplacingthemwithcatamarans.Catamaransarefaster,butthey’renotsoelegant,andthey’renotfuntopilot.Butthat’sprogress,Iguess."EverywhereinSydneythesedays,changeandprogressarethewatchwords(口号),andtraditionsareincreasinglyrare.ShirleyFitzgerald,thecity’sofficialhistorian,toldmethatinitsrushtomodernityinthe1970s,Sydneysweptasidemuchofitspast,includingmanyofitsfinestbuildings."Sydneyisconfusedaboutitself,"shesaid."Wecan’tseemtomakeupourmindswhetherwewantamoderncityoratraditionalone.It’saconflictthatwearen’tgettinganybetteratresolving(解决).Ontheotherhand,beingyoungandoldatthesametimehasitsattractions.IconsideredthiswhenImetathoughtfulyoungbusinessmannamedAnthony."Manypeoplesaythatwelackcultureinthiscountry,"hetoldme."WhatpeopleforgetisthattheItalians,whentheycametoAustralia,brought2000yearsoftheirculture,theGreekssome3000years,andtheChinesemorestill.We’vegotafoundationbuiltonancientculturesbutwithadriveanddynamismofayoungcountry.It’saprettyhardcombinationtobeat."Heisright,butIcan’thelpwishingtheywouldkeepthoseoldferries.1.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A.Sydney’sstrikingarchitecture. B.TheculturaldiversityofSydney.C.ThekeytoSydney’sdevelopment. D.Sydney’stouristattractionsinthe1960s.2.WhatcanwelearnaboutAndrewReynolds?A.Hegoestoworkbyboat. B.Helooksforwardtoanewlife.C.Hepilotscatamaranswell. D.Heisattachedtotheoldferries.3.WhatdoesShirleyFitzgeraldthinkofSydney?A.Itislosingitstraditions. B.Itshouldspeedupitsprogress.C.Itshouldexpanditspopulation. D.Itisbecomingmoreinternational.4.Whichstatementwilltheauthorprobablyagreewith?A.Acitycanbeyoungandoldatthesametime.B.Acitybuiltonancientculturesismoredynamic.C.Modernityisusuallyachievedatthecostofelegance.D.Compromiseshouldbemadebetweenthelocalandtheforeign.Passage8ABritishwomanwhowona$1millionprizeaftershewasnamedtheWorld’sBestTeacherwillusethecashtobringinspirationalfiguresintoUKschools.AndriaZafirakou,anorthLondonsecondaryschoolteacher,saidshewantedtobringaboutaclassroomrevolution(变革)."Wearegoingtomakeachange,"shesaid."I’vestartedaprojecttopromotetheteachingoftheartsinourschools."Theprojectresultsfromthedifficultiesmanyschoolshaveingettingartistsofanysort—whetheranup-and-cominglocalmusicianoramajormoviestar—intoschoolstoworkwithandinspirechildren.ZafirakoubegantheprojectatAlpertonCommunitySchool,herplaceofworkforthepasttwelveyears."I’veseenthosemagicmomentswhenchildrenaretalkingtosomeonetheyareinspiredby—theireyesareshiningandtheirfaceslightup,"shesaid."Weneedartistsmorethaneverinourschools."ArtistMichaelCraig-Martinsaid:"Andria’sbrilliantprojecttobringartistsfromallfieldsintodirectcontactwithchildrenisparticularlywelcomeatatimewhentheartsarebeingdowngradedinschools."Itwasamistaketoseetheartsasunnecessary,headded.HistorianSirSimonSchamaisalsoasupporteroftheproject.Hesaidthatartseducationinschoolswasnotjustanadd-on."Itisabsolutelynecessary.Thefuturedependsoncreativityandcreativitydependsontheyoung.Whatwillremainofuswhenartificialintelligencetakesoverwillbeourcreativity,anditisourcreativespirit,ourvisionarysenseoffreshness,thathasbeenourstrengthforcenturies."1.WhatwillZafirakoudowithherprizemoney?A.Makeamovie. B.Buildnewschools.C.Runaproject. D.Helplocalmusicians.2.WhatdoesCraig-MartinthinkoftheteachingoftheartsinUKschools?A.Itisparticularlydifficult. B.Itincreasesartists’income.C.Itopenschildren’smind. D.Itdeservesgreaterattention.3.WhatshouldbestressedinschooleducationaccordingtoSchama?A.Moralprinciples. B.Interpersonalskills.C.Creativeabilities. D.Positiveworldviews.4.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.BringArtiststoSchools B.WhenHistoriansMeetArtistsC.ArtsEducationinBritain D.TheWorld’sBestArtsTeacher【解析】本文介绍了MacBike公司的自行车租赁和有导游的观光。【考情速递】多模态语篇指那些包括文字、图形、表格、动画、符号或视频的语篇，理解这类语篇除了需要使用传统的文本阅读技能之外，还需要观察图表中的信息、理解符号和动画的意义等，综合考查同学们"读""看"的能力。本篇融入表格，需要同学们理解表格中的数字信息。此外本语篇的第2题以表格信息来设题，需要同学们在读懂表格信息的基础上，进行简单的数字计算，又考查了同学们的数学计算能力。1.B理解具体信息根据第二段尾句"Weofferthenewestbicycles...withchildseats,andchildren’sbikes"可知，MacBike公司的一个优势是能提供各种各样的自行车，包括带脚刹的最基本的自行车、带手刹和排挡的自行车、带儿童座椅的自行车以及儿童自行车。故B项正确。2.C理解具体信息根据Prices部分所列表格的内容可知，带手刹的三挡自行车的日租金为14.75欧元，每多一天收8欧元，故租两天为22.75欧元。3.D理解具体信息根据尾段倒数第二句"ThetourdepartsfromDamSquareeveryhouronthehour,startingat1:00pmeveryday"可知，有导游的城市观光每天下午一点开始，每小时整点从DamSquare出发。故D项正确。【二次精读】核心单词：landscapen.(陆上，尤指乡村的)风景，景色rentaln.租金；出租，租赁核心短语：makesure确保，设法保证(be)availablefor对……是可用的awidevariety多种多样词缀变形：economicaladj.经济的，实惠的；节约的→economicadj.经济的，经济学的→economyn.经济；节省sustainableadj.可持续的，不破坏环境的→sustainv.维持，保持；遭受strategicadj.战略(性)的，策略(上)的→strategyn.策略，行动计划【解析】《阅读艺术：书籍爱好者的艺术》让我们看到了超越文化与时间的共同人性。网络化的生活中，电子书的推广并不能取代印刷书的使用，阅读印刷书仍然是完全私人的活动。1.A推断根据全文内容尤其是第一段第一句"ReadingArt:ArtforBookLoversisacelebration...threehundredartworksfrommuseumsaroundtheworld"可知，《阅读艺术：书籍爱好者的艺术》这本书里展示了来自世界各地博物馆的近300件艺术品，本文主要是对该书内容的介绍。故可以推知，本文最有可能摘自书的序言。2.C理解具体信息根据第二段第一句和第二句中的"Weseescenesofchildrenlearningtoreadathomeoratschool...thegenerations"可知，被选中的艺术品强调的是图书和阅读，故C项正确。3.A理解词汇根据第二段尾句"Thesescenesmayhavebeenpaintedhundredsofyearsago,buttheyrecordmomentswecanallrelateto"中的but表达的语境可知，这些场景可能是数百年前绘制的，但它们记录了我们都能理解的时刻。故画线词意为"理解"，A项正确。4.A推断根据本文尾句"Andincontrasttoourincreasinglynetworkedlives...offersthechanceofawhollyprivate,‘off-line’activity"可知，在我们日益网络化的生活中，我们所消费的信息被监控和跟踪，与之相反，印刷书仍然提供了一个完全私人的、"离线"活动的机会。该句强调了印刷书的价值，据此可知，作者提及电子书旨在说明印刷书并未完全过时，故A项正确。【二次精读】核心单词：celebrationn.庆典，庆祝活动，庆祝emphasizev.强调，着重generationn.一代(人)demonstratev.证明；示范，演示核心短语：comeintobeing形成deepinthought陷入沉思词缀变形：symbolicallyadv.象征性地，象征意义地→symbolicadj.象征的，符号的→symbolizev.象征，用符号表示→symboln.象征，标志；符号【解析】对于历史事件的考证不能仅凭文字记录，要注重文字记录和实物相互印证，以帮助我们重现真实的历史。1.A理解段落主旨要义题干问的是首段的主旨。根据文章首段可知,如果你想讲述不偏袒人类历史上任何一方的一段世界历史，你就不能仅依靠文字。文字是人类的后期成果之一，直到最近甚至许多有文字的社会不仅用文字，还用实物来记载他们的重要的事情。所以此段是说过去的历史事件应结合文字和实物来呈现，不能仅靠文字，故A项正确。2.D推断题干问的是作者提及库克船长的用意。根据第二段首句"Ideallyahistorywouldbringtogethertextsandobjects...butinmanycaseswesimplycan’t"(理想的情况是我们在研究历史时应该将文字和实物结合起来……而很多情况下我们没能这样做)以及该段最后一句"Ifwewanttoreconstructwhatwasactuallygoingonthatday,theshieldmustbequestionedandinterpretedasdeeplyandstrictlyasthewrittenreports"(如果我们想要还原那天到底发生了什么，这块盾牌必须和文字记述一样经过深入而严格的质询和诠释)可知，库克船长的记录是片面的，故D项正确。3.B理解词汇题干问的是画线词conversation在文中的意思。根据第三段中的"ahistorytoldthroughthingsgivesthembackavoice"(实物能还原历史事实)和"allourfirst-handaccountsarenecessarilytwisted,onlyonehalfofadialogue.Ifwearetofindtheotherhalfofthatconversation,wehavetoreadnotjustthetexts,buttheobjects"(我们所有的第一手描述无法避免地会被歪曲，它只是对话的一半。如果我们想找到另一半，就必不能只解读文字，还要解读实物)可知，conversation指的是历史，故B项正确。【考情速递】理解词汇是近年高考阅读理解必考题型,常见的有理解生僻词含义、理解熟词生义、理解代词含义等，本题考查课标词汇在文中的指代含义，考查角度有新意，需要同学们根据上下文语境去细细体会与揣摩，增加了试题难度。4.C推断题干问的是本文最有可能摘自哪本书。根据本篇答案解析"段意梳理"部分可知，本文讲述的重点是强调历史实物考证的重要性，故C项"《100件实物中的世界历史》"正确。【干扰项分析】A项《地图如何讲述世界的故事》和D项《艺术作品如何讲述故事》和文章内容不符；B项《澳大利亚简史》以偏概全，漏失信息。故C项正确。【二次精读】核心单词：twistv.曲解，歪曲；转动，旋转；盘绕；扭伤accountn.报告，描述；账户核心短语：fromone’sside从某人的观点或角度来看熟词生义：privilege常用义：n.特权；优惠待遇；荣幸文章义：v.特别优待Wewanttoprivilegethembecausewithoutthetopgraduatestudents,wecan’tremainatopuniversity.我们希望给予这些最顶尖的研究生特别照顾，因为没有他们，我们就无法继续处于一流大学之列。词缀变形：reconstructv.使重现，使再现→constructv.建筑，建造；构建miscomprehensionn.误解，曲解→comprehensionn.理解力，领悟能力难句分析：Ifyouwanttotellthehistoryofthewholeworld,ahistorythatdoesnotprivilegeonepartofhumanity,youcannotdoitthroughtextsalone,becauseonlysomeoftheworldhaseverhadtexts,whilemostoftheworld,formostofthetime,hasnot.分析：这是一个复合句，If引导条件状语从句，同位语ahistory后面是一个定语从句，while表示前后两种情况的对比。译文：如果你想讲述一个不偏袒人类历史上任何一方的一段世界历史，你不能仅仅依靠文本的历史记录，因为只有世界上的一些地方有过文字记载，然而世界上的多数地方绝大部分时候没有文字记载。【解析】本文重点介绍了哲学著作《苏格拉底快车》，该书语言幽默，陈述直白，却能让读者深刻思考日常生活中的欲望、孤独等哲学问题。1.C理解具体信息根据第一段的"anunclegavemeacopyofJosteinGaarder’sSophie’sWorld"和第一段尾句"Itspoketomeandbroughtmeintoaworldofphilosophy(哲学)"可知，JosteinGaarder的《苏菲的世界》把作者带进了一个哲学的世界。故JosteinGaarder为作者打开了哲学大门。2.D推断通读第四段，特别是该段尾句"This,morethanabookaboutunderstandingphilosophy,isabookaboutlearningtousephilosophytoimprovealife"可知，在列举了几位伟大的哲学家后，作者指出，这不仅仅是一本关于理解哲学的书，更是一本关于学习如何运用哲学来改善生活的书。据此可以推知，作者列举几位伟大的哲学家是为了帮助读者更好地理解Weiner的这本书。3.B推断根据最后一段的"TheSocratesExpressisafun,sharpbookthatdrawsreadersinwithitsapparentsimplicityandgraduallypullsthemindeeperthoughtsondesire,loneliness,andaging"可知，《苏格拉底快车》是一本有趣而尖锐的书，它因显而易见的简单而吸引读者，并逐渐将他们带入对欲望、孤独和衰老的更深层次的思考。结合常识可以推知，《苏格拉底快车》的思想可以用于日常生活中，故B项正确。4.D推断根据第五段的"hedoessowithplentyofhumor"可知，该书充满了幽默；根据尾段第一句"TheSocratesExpressisafun,sharpbookthatdrawsreadersinwithitsapparentsimplicityandgraduallypullsthemindeeperthoughtsondesire,loneliness,andaging"可知，《苏格拉底快车》因显而易见的简单而吸引读者，并逐渐将他们带入对欲望、孤独和衰老的更深层次的思考。据此可以推知，Weiner的书幽默且易懂，故D项正确。【二次精读】核心单词：reawakenvt.勾起,唤起；再次引发(感情、回忆等)scenen.事发地，现场；事件，场面conversationn.(非正式的)谈话，交谈processn.过程，进程；步骤，程序apparentadj.显而易见的，易懂的；貌似的，表面上的核心短语：befullof充满……insearchof寻找……pickup拿起；学会；接人词缀变形：invitationn.邀请；请柬；招致→invitev.邀请；征求interpretationn.解释，理解；表演，演奏→interpretativeadj.解释的；演绎的simplicityn.简单(性)，容易(性)；简朴，朴素→simplifyv.使简易，简化→simpleadj.简单的，简明的；简朴的，朴素的【解析】本文介绍了艺术展及相关活动情况。1.B理解具体信息根据表格中的"Raeburn’sEnglishContemporariesThursday30Oct.,13.10"可知，这个讲座的时间是10月30日周四。2.B理解具体信息(数字计算)根据Admission下面的内容可知，门票是4英镑，12岁以下的孩子由一位成人陪同的话可以免门票。一对夫妇带两个12岁以下的孩子应支付8英镑，故选B。3.C理解具体信息根据SchoolsandColleges部分"Aspeciallowentrance...inorganisedgroupswithteachers"可知，全日制学生享受群体优惠价需要老师带队。【二次精读】核心单词：exhibitionn.展览；展出masterpiecen.杰作；代表作；名著collectionn.收藏品presentv.(以某种方式)展现，显示accompanyv.陪伴chargen.收费；指控；主管availableadj.可获得的；可购得的；可找到的；有空的词缀变形：exhibitv.展览→exhibitionn.展览enterv.进入→entrancen.入口(处)；进入；进入权；准许加入admitv.准许……进入(某处)→admissionn.准许加入；进入权；入场费【解析】本文介绍了DorothyWickenden写的一部书的主要内容：两个富裕家庭长大的女孩子去落基山脉的一个村落当老师，她们住在当地人的家里，和他们一样过着艰辛的生活。1.A理解具体信息根据第一段的"In1916,twogirlsofwealthyedtoasettlementintheRockyMountainstoteac