定语从句讲解与练习

高中英语定语从句详解仔细观察下列句子,并注意划线部分的用法。1.That’sallthatIknow.2.Anyonewhowaslatethismorningshouldberesponsibleforthisaccident.3.Thisisthescientistwhoseachievementsarewellknown.4.Whatdoyouthinkofthephotosthat/whichItookinthepark?5.Theytalkedaboutthepeopleandthingsthattheyrememberedintheolddays.Ⅰ.概念：(1)定语从句：在主从复合句中用作______的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧接在先行词(antecedent)后面。(2)先行词：被定语从句修饰的成份。先行词可以为一个词，短语，或整个主句。(3)引导定语从句的词叫关系词，分为关系代词和关系副词。关系词的作用：1)代替先行词;2)引导定语从句，连接主句和从句，相当于一个连词；3)必在从句中作某个句子成份（可以做主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语）常用的关系代词:that,which,who,whom,as,whose常用的关系副词:when,why,where⑴who,that,_____作主语；⑵who,whom,which,____作宾语和表语；⑶______作定语。注意：当关系代词作____语时常常可省略,而作____语时则不能省略。ThestudentwhoansweredthequestionwasJohn.Iknowthereasonwhyhewassoangry.Theboy(whom)youaretalkingtoismybrother.I'dlikearoomwhosewindowlooksoutoverthesea.定语从句三步：第一找出先行词；第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能（做主语、宾语或状语）；第三选择合适的关系词。Ⅱ.几个关系代词的基本用法：●that:可指人或物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语。(指人时，相当于who或whom；指物时，相当于which)(一般不用于非限制性定语从句;不可置于介词后作宾语)如：1.Doyouknowthegentlemanthat/whospokejustnow?2.Youcantakeanything(that)youlike.3.Whatisthequestion(that/which)theyaretalkingabout?4.Hereistheman(who/whom/that)youwanttosee.5.She'snolongerthegirl(that)sheusedtobebefore.●which:指物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语，定语。如：1.Thebookwhich/thatwasonthedeskwasboughtbymyfather.2.Thebook(which/that)Iboughtyesterdayisveryinteresting.3.Thefactoryinwhichhisfatherworksisfarfromhere.●who,whom,whose:who:主格,在从句中作主语，在口语或非正式用法中作宾语;只可指人whom:宾格，在从句中作宾语;只可指人whose:属格，在从句中作定语，可指人也可指物。1.Ilikethestudentswho/thatworkhard.2.Allwhoheardthestorywereamazed.3.He'samanfromwhomweshouldlearn.=He'saman(whom/who/that)weshouldlearnfrom.4.Achildwhoseparentsaredeadiscalledanorphan.5.I'dlikearoomwhosewindowfacessouth.=I'dlikearoomofwhichthewindowfacessouth.=I'dlikearoomthewindowofwhichfacessouth.关系代词作介词宾语：（介词+whom/which）关系代词在定语从句中用作介词宾语时,介词可放于从句之首,也可放于从句之末.但以放于句首较为正式.（介词前置，必须注意不影响动词词组的含义。）1.Thisisthebookforwhichyouasked.=Thisisthebook(that/which)youaskedfor.2.DoyouknowthepersonwithwhomIshookhands？=Doyouknowtheperson(whom/who/that)Ishookhandswith?3.Isthisthefactorytowhichyoupaidavisitlastweek?4.Isthisfactorytheonetowhichyoupaidavisitlastweek?5.Thisisthegirlwhomtheyarelookingafter.(介词after与look构成固定词组，不可前置。lookat,lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等)●as的用法:(as引导定语从句,在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语)①如为限制性的，多用于thesame…as;thesameas；such…as…;asmany/muchas；so…as等结构中。如：1.Ihavethesamebookasyou(have).2..---Whydidn'tyoumentionthatinfaceofthepolicejustnow?---Ithoughtitwassuchaminordetailaswashardlyworthmentioning.3.Don'tdosuchthingsasyouarenotsureabout.比较：Iliveinthesamehousethatheusedtolivein.I'mwearingthesameshirtasyouworeyesterday.比较：Hereissobigastoneasnoonecanlift.Hereissobigastonethatnoonecanliftit.②如为非限制性的，多单独引导一个定语从句，这种定语从句可置于句首，句中或句尾，译为"正如，这一点"。（动词常为know,see,expect,pointout,etc.）1.Asweallknow,smokingisharmfultoone'shealth.=Asisknowntoall,smokingisharmfultoone'shealth.=It'sknowntoallthatsmokingisharmfultoone'shealth.=Smokingisharmfultoone'shealth,asweallknow.expected;aswehaveimagined.合并下列句子1.Thewomanisateacher.2.Thewomanlivesnextdoor.1.Thenurseiskind.2.Thenurselooksaftermysister.1.Kevinisreadingabook.2.Thebookistoodifficultforhim.1.Ihaveafriend.2.Helikeslisteningtoclassicalmusic.1.Manypeoplewereafraidtoswiminthesea.2.TheysawthefilmJaws.1.Itisaboutabigwhiteshark.2.Itattacksswimmers.1.Iknowthedoctor.2.Hisdaughterstudiesabroad.1.Haveyouseenmybook?2.Thebook’scoverisred.用适当的关系词填空.1.Doyoulikethepresent__________Iboughtyouyesterday?2.Thestorybook_________waswrittenbyhisunclewasquiteinteresting.3.Theboy______computerdoesn’tworkwellneedsyourhelp.4.Thisisthebestmovie_________wehaveseenthisyear.5.Thedoctor______________wemetinthestreetisfromAmerica.6.Thepassengersandthesuitcases_____wereinthewaitingroomhadtowaitforanotherplane.7.Whoisthegirl_________youwanttomakefriendswith?8.Thisisthelastlesson___________Mr.Smithtaughtus.用适当的关系词填空.1.Iwillneverforgettheday__________Ifirstwenttoschool.Iwillneverforgettheday__________wespentinBeijing.2.Thehouse__________wevisitedisbeingrepairednow.Thehouse______Luxunoncelivedisbeingrepairednow.选择适当的代词填空，注意非限制性定语从句和单句的比较。1.IamreadingHarryPorter,_____isaninterestingbook.2.Hefailedintheexam._______madehisparentsangry.3.Hefailedintheexam,_______madehisparentsangry.4.Hehastwosons.Bothof________areteachers.5.Hehastwosons,bothof________areteachers.介词+关系代词的使用1.Doyoulikethebook___________________shespent$10?2.Doyoulikethebook___________________shepaid$10?3.Doyoulikethebook___________________shelearnedalot?4.Doyoulikethebook___________________sheoftentalks?定语从句汉译英练习：

她就是那个努力学习数学的女孩。

他就是我们刚才谈论的那个人。

3、这就是那个爸爸是警察的女孩。

4、他们住在一座窗户朝南的房子里。

5、我仍然记得我第一次来到这座城市的那一天

。这就是我们以前住过的房子

。他考试通过了，这使他父母很高兴。

他们正在谈论在公园里看到的人和物。

用适当的关系词填空：

1.

I

still

remember

the

night

_______I

first

came

to

the

house.

2.

I'll

never

forget

the

day________

we

met

each

other

last

week.

3.

Mr

Black

is

going

to

Beijing

in

October,

_______is

the

best

season

there.

4.

This

is

the

school

______I

used

to

study.

5.

Do

you

still

remember

the

place______

we

visited

last

week?

6.

Do

you

still

remember

the

place_______

we

visited

the

painting

exhibition?

7.

I

live

in

Beijing,____is

the

capital

of

China.

8.

There

was

a

time

______there

were

slaves

in

the

USA.

9.

It

was

in

the

street

_____I

met

John

yesterday.

10.

This

is

the

very

novel

about____we've

talked

so

much.

11.

He

lives

in

the

room____window

faces

to

the

south.

12.

I

hope

you

will

find

this

valley

a

beautiful

place____you

may

spend

your

weekend.

对比练习1.⑴Tomisoneoftheboyswho____(be)fromtheUSA.⑵Tomistheonlyoneoftheboyswho____(be)fromtheUSA.２.⑴Isthisfactory_____wevisitedlastweek?⑵Isthisthefactory_____wevisitedlastweek?A.that B.whoseC.who D.theone３.⑴Theoldmandid_____hecouldtohelpthechildren.⑵Theoldmandidall____hecouldtohelpthechildren.A.what B.thatC.allwhat D.which4.(1)Theroom____windowfacessouthismysister’s.(2)Theroom____facessouthismysister’s.A.which B.whoseC.who D.whom单句改错HelivedinBeijingfortwoyears,duringwhenhelearnedChinese.Hesaidhewouldcometoseeusthenextweek,thenhehadfreetime.Hewonthefirstplaceinthisexam,thatmadehimveryglad.Theman,thatlivesnexttous,ismyEnglishteacher.Shemadeaterriblenoise,andwhichbroughtherhearttohermouth.ThisisoneofthebookswhichwaswrittenbyLuXun.ThisisthemostbeautifulplacethatIhavevisitedit.TheschoolwhereIworked