2020-2021学年高中英语同步课时作业1Unit2 新人教版选择性必修第一册

Unit2

ReadingandThinking

一、填空

1.Thereislittlechancethatwewillsucceedinchangingthelaw.（然

而），itisimportantthatwetry.

2.Ticketsare（可获得的）freeofchargefromtheschool.

3.rdliketogiveyousome（相关的）suggestions.

4.rmtiredofyour（不断的）complaint.

5.Doctorsissueda（警告）againsteatinganyfishcaughtintheriver.

6.Asasailor,youmustobeythecaptain's（命令）.

7.Ican'tgiveyouan（立亥U的）replybeforeIdiscusswithmypartners.

8.Makeexerciseapartofyourdaily（常规）.

9.Maybetherewillbe（自动的）kitchenstocookmealsforusinthe

future.

10.Theoldcoupleliveina（偏远的）village.

11.Parents5wordsanddeedscan（potential）affectchildren.

12.Asweallknow,fashionis（constant）changing.

13.Thepresident（command）thereleaseoftheprisonerslastyear.

14.Inmyopinion,it'samatterofpersonal（prefer）.

15.Theheatingwillswitchoff（automatic）whenyouleavetheroom.

二.阅读理解

Dogsareourbestfriends.That5sespeciallytrueafteradisaster,suchas

anearthquake.Whenbuildingsfalldown,search-and-rescuedogshelpfindtrapped

people.Dogs5amazingnosescanpickupthesmellofsurvivors.Nowscientistshave

developedanelectronictoolthatdoesthesamething.It'stakingsmelldetection

（探测）toawholenewlevel.

Thenewinventionisasortofelectronicnose,whichcandetectextremely

lowlevelsofmanycompounds（化合物）frompeople，sskin.Thisisn，tthefirsttime

engineershavedevelopedsuchanobject.Earliermodels,however,havebeenbulky

andexpensive.Theycouldnotdetectlowlevelsoftargetcompoundseither.Thenew

oneisinexpensiveandsmallenoughtofitinsidehand-heldequipment.

Theelectronicnosecandetectextremelyslightsmellofmorethanone

compoundatthesametime."Beingabletodothis,insuchasmallobject,isthe

significantdiscovery,，zsaysSotirisE.Pratsinis,ProfessorofProcessEngineering

&MaterialsScienceattheSwissFederalInstituteofTechnologyinZurich.Histeam

testeditinspecialspaces.Theywerelikethesmallspaceswherepeoplemightbe

trapped.Chemicalsgivenoffbythevolunteersbuiltupinside.Theelectronic

equipmentdetectedthosecompoundsatunbelievablylowlevels.

Theresultsweregoodnewsfortheresearchteam.Buttheymaybenotfor

ourfour-leggedfriends,whocouldsoonbeoutofajob."Ideally,thistechnology

couldreplacesearch-and-rescuedogs,〃Pratsinissays.

StephenTaylor,anelectricalengineer,agreesthatthenewtechnologyhas

somebenefitsoverdogs.Still,hethinksitmaybetoosoontohaveourtrustyfriends

retire.Hesuspects,〃Iforeseethatsuchanobjectcouldaddtothefineworkdone

bythedogs.〃Tayloralsopointedoutsomepotentiallimitationsofthenewinvention.

，zE-nosesareuseful,butcanbeverylikelytobeaffectedbyunstablereadingsand

interruption,z/hesays.

1.Whydoestheauthortalkaboutdogsatthebeginning?

A.Tocatchthereaders5attention.B.Tointroducethetopicaboute-noses.

C.Toshowwhatsearch-and-rescuedogsdo.D.Toaddbackground

informationfordiscussion.

2.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains"bulky〃underlinedinParagraph2?

A.Complex.B.Fragile.C.Handy.D.Large.

3.WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?

A.Whate-noses,workingprincipleis.

B.Howe-nosesaremade.

C.Whatdifferencesbetweendogsande-nosesare.

D.Howpowerfule-nosesare.

4.WhatdoesStephenTaylormean?

A.Dogsande-nosescouldworktogether.B.Search-and-rescuedogswillretiresoon.

C.E-nosesaremorereliablethannosesofdogs.D.Dogsarebetterat

findingouttrappedpeople.

三.语法填空

GlobalwarmingcouldmakehumansshorterScientistsclaimtohavefound

evidencethatitcausedtheworld5sfirsthorses①___(become)smallernearly

50millionyearsago.Infact,ateamfromtheuniversitiesofFloridaandNebraska

says②___hasfoundalinkbetweentheearthheatingupandthesizeof

horses,duringthelasttimetheworldheatedup.Thescientistsusedfossilsto

followtheevolutionofhorsesfromtheirearliest(3)___(appear)56million

yearsago.Astemperatureswentup,theirsizewent④___.Thescientistssaythat

thecurrentwarmingcouldhavethesameeffect⑤___mammalsandcouldevenmake

humans⑥___(small).“Horsesstartedoutsmall,aboutthesizeofasmalldog.

What's⑦___(surprise)isthataftertheyfirstappeared,theythenbecameeven

smallerandthendramaticallyincreasedinsize,andthat⑧___(exact)

correspondsto(符合)theglobalwarmingevent,followedbycooling.〃〃Ithadbeen

knownthatmammals⑨___(be)smallduringthelastwarmtime,⑩___wehadn，t

realisedthattemperaturespecificallywasdrivingtheevolutionofbodysize,〃Dr

BlochsaidintheSciencejournal.

答案以及解析

1.答案：Nevertheless

解析：

2.答案：available

解析：

3.答案：relevant

解析：

4.答案：constant

解析：

5.答案：warning

解析：

6.答案：commands

解析：

7.答案：instant

解析：

8.答案：routine

解析：

9.答案：automatic

解析：

10.答案：remote

解析：

11.答案：potentially

解析：考查词性转换。句意:父母的言行能潜在地影响孩子。此处修饰后面的动词affect,

应用副词，故填potentiallyo

12.答案：constantly

解析：考查词性转换。句意:众所周知,时尚在不断地变化。设空处修饰主句的谓语动词，故

设空处应用副词，故填constantly。.

13.答案：commanded

解析：考查时态。句意:去年总统下令释放这些囚犯。分析句子成分可知，设空处应为谓语动

词，根据时间状语lastyear可知应用一般过去时，故填commandedo

14.答案：preference

解析：考查词性转换。句意:在我看来，这是个人喜好的问题。设空处前是形容词personal,

所以设空处应用名词，故填preferenceo

15.答案：automatically

解析：考查词性转换。句意:你离开这个房间的时候,暖气就会自动关上。此处作状语，故填

副词automatically。

二.答案：1-4BDDA

解析：1,推理判断题。第一段中,作者先介绍了狗的鼻子有很多用途，然后介绍科学家现在发

明了可以做同样事情的电子鼻。由此可以推断，先提及狗是为了引出电子鼻的话题，故选B

项。

2.词义猜测题。根据第二段中的Earliermodels,however,havebeenbulkyand

expensive...Thenewoneisinexpensiveandsmallenoughtofitinsidehand-held

equipment.可知，早期的电子鼻比较昂贵且“bulky"，新型的电子鼻则体积小巧，可放入手

持设备内，新旧形成对比，由此猜测bulky是“庞大”的意思，故选D项。complex意为“复

杂的"，红agile意为“易碎的"，handy意为“方便的”。

3.主旨大意题。第三段主要介绍了电子鼻可以同时检测到多种化合物极其轻微的气味,故选

D项。

4.推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Iforeseethatsuchanobjectcouldaddtothefine

workdonebythedogs.”可知,斯蒂芬•泰勒认为电子鼻可以配合狗进行工作，故选A项。

三.答案：①tobecome②it©appearance④down⑤on©smaller©surprising⑧

exactly⑨were⑩but

解析：①causesb/sthtodosth是固定搭配，意为〃导致某人/某物做某事〃.故填to

become.

②指代前面提到的ateam应用it.故填it.

③形容词性物主代词their后应用appear的名词形式.故填appearance.

④根据上下文内容可知，温度上升会导致马的体形变小.故填up的反义词down.

⑤haveaneffecton是固定搭配，意为〃对....有影响〃.故填on.

⑥此处暗含气候变暖前后人类体形的对比,应用比较级.故填smaller.

⑦be动词后应用形容词作表语，此处修饰的是事物，应用surprising,意为〃令人惊讶的〃.

故填surprising.

⑧修饰动词短语correspondsto要用exact的副词形式.故填exactly.

⑨mammals是复数形式，后面的系动词也要用复数形式.时间是duringthelastwarmtime,

应用一般过去时.故填were.

⑩句意为:我们已经知道哺乳动物在上个温暖期个头较小，但我们还未意识到正是温度驱动

着体形大小的进化.由句意可知设空前后为转折关系.故填but.

Unit2

LearningaboutLanguage

一、填空

1.Theseareexamplesofnatural（克隆）.

2.Nobodycould（预测）thefinalresult.

3.rmsurethat（人工的）intelligencewillhaveapromisingfuture.

4.Ourgovernmenthastakeneffectivemeasurestofightagainstviolent（犯

罪活动）.

5.Advancesintechnologyc（结合）withmoreopenpolicieshavealready

createdaninterconnectedworld.

6.Manycompaniesmakearuletosendbirthdaye-cardstotheir

customers.

7.Explorerswhoworkonscientificresearch（stand）attheArcticPole

thistimetomorrow.

8.Weareconfidentthattheenvironment（improve）byourfurther

effortstoreducepollution.

9.Chinawillsafeguardenergysecuritybyresourceprotection,

(advocate)greenlifestylesandconsumerculture.

10.Thewatchissobeautifulandithappenstobe50percentoff,soIcan，tresist

(buy)it.

11.(oppose)todevelopingthenaturereserve,thelocalpeople

preventedtheconstructionworkersfromenteringtheirvillages.

12.WeChatisagreatwaytokeeptouchwithotherpeopleandquickly

broadcastinformationaboutwhereyouareandwhatyouaredoing.

13.It'shightimethatweplacedgreatemphasistheimprovementoffood

safety.

14.Somepeoplealwaystakeseriouslythe(predict)oftheendofthe

worldinthenearfuture.

15.Inthe(absent)ofcleargoals,wearestuckindailyroutineuntil

webecomeslavesofit.

二.阅读理解

Nearlyeveryweek,wehearnewsaboutthelatestsuccessesandfailuresin

driverlessvehicles.Butwehearlittleabouthowotherindustriesaredeveloping

thissamekindoftechnology.

Oneindustryheavilyinvolvedinresearchinganddevelopingartificial

intelligence,orAI,isagriculture.Companiesareexperimentingwithhigh-tech

toolsthatcanhelpfarmerssavetimeandmoney,whilereducingenvironment-harming

chemicals.

OneofthecompaniesisecoRobotixofSwitzerland.Itcreatedarobotequipped

withAIandcamerastoidentifyallplantsonafarm.Therobothasfourwheelsto

carryitthroughthefieldsinsearchofweeds.Computer-controlledarmsthenlower

andspraytheweedswithsmallamountsofherbicide(除草齐U).Companyofficialssay

therobotcanfullyoperateonitsownforupto12hoursadaywhilebeingpowered

bythesun.Itusesthesamekindofsensorandpositioningtechnologyusedtoguide

driverlessvehicles.Afarmercanalsocontroltheequipmentthroughasmartphone.

Theco-founderofecoRobotix,AurelienDemaurex,saysthefarmrobotcankill

weedswith20timeslessherbicidethantraditionalmethods.Thisisbecausethe

systemusesexactlytherightamountofchemicalintheexactplacerequiredtokill

theweeds.Currently,farmersspreadweedkillersovermassiveareastodestroy

unwantedplants.

AnothercompanydevelopingfarmroboticsisCalifornia-basedBlueRiver

Technology.Thecompanyhasasystemcalled〃See&Spray”,whichitclaimsisthe

world，sfirstsmartsprayer.Thesystem一whichconnectstothebackofatractor一is

alsoequippedwithAItoidentifyandchemicallykillonlytheweeds.Itcanalso

spraychemicalsonwantedplantstohelpthemgrow.BenChostner,vice-president

ofbusinessdevelopmentforBlueRiverTechnology,explainsinacompanyvideothat

“See&Spray〃technologyusesthesamedeeplearningmethodsusedinfacial

recognition."Thefirsttimethemachinesawapigweed,itdidn，tknowwhatkind

ofplantitwas.Butwetaughtit一bygivingittensofthousandsofexamplesof

pigweed一andnowit'sanexpertinpigweed./z

1.HowwillAIbenefitagriculture?

A.Itwillfundagricultureresearch.B.Itcontributestolow-costfarming.

C.Itcanavoidharmfulchemicals.D.Itfreesallfarmersfromfieldwork.

2.Whatdotheproductsofthetwocompanieshaveincommon?

A.Theyuserecognitiontechnology.B.Theyarepoweredbysolarenergy.

C.Theyareconnectedwithsmartphones.D.Theycanhelpwantedplantsgrowrapidly.

3.WhatdoBenChostner5swordssuggestabouttherobot?

A.Itisenvironmentallyfriendly.B.Itisgoodatself-improving.

C.Ithasthelearningability.D.Itcantrackvariousplants.

4.Whatismainlytalkedaboutinthetext?

A.Theexperimentinfarmingrobots.B.Newtrendinartificialintelligence.

C.Modern〃See&Spray〃technology.D.Artificialintelligenceinagriculture.

三.阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Areyouinterestedinscience?Whatdoyouthinkaboutself-repair

technology?

InthefirstTerminatormovie,thereisamoment①themetal

machinefromthefuturebeginstorepairhismechanical(机械的)arm.Theability

ofnon-humanthingstorepairthemselvesis②(surprise)andleavesa

deep(3)(impress)onmanypeople.Thisisperhapsonereasonwhypeople

begantotake(4)interestintheresearchbeingdonebyProfessorDuncan

WassandhisteamattheUniversityofBristol.Theyhavedevelopedaself-repairing

materialthatcould⑤(use)tofixthewingsandbodyofaeroplanes.

ProfessorWassandhisteamfoundinspirationintheprocessesofthehuman

body.AsProfessorWassexplains,Z/Ifyoucut⑥(you)finger,thereare

mechanisms(结构)thatrepairthatdamage.Canweputtheself-healing(自愈)

functionsthatwehaveinanairplanewing?Ifyoudothat,you5renotgoingtorepair

ahugeholeintheairplanewing.Whatweshouldbeable⑦(repair)are

thetinycracksthatlead⑧theproblemslateron.〃

When⑨(ask)aboutotherpossibleapplications,ProfessorWass

says.，zBicycleframes(框架)orsportsequipmentare⑩(general)where

youcanimaginethisbeingused.z/

答案以及解析

、

1.答案：clones

解析：

2.答案：predict

解析：

3.答案：artificial

解析：

4.答案：crime

解析：

5.答案：combined

解析：句意:科技的进步以及更加开放的政策已经创造出一个联系密切的世界。

6.答案:it

解析：makeitarule(todosth)意为“定下规矩(做某事)"，it是形式宾语，真正的宾

语是动词不定式短语。

7.答案：willbestanding

解析：句意为:从事科学研究的探险家们明天这个时候将站在北极。根据句中的时间状语

thistimetomorrow可知，此处指将来某一时刻正在发生的动作，应用将来进行时。故填will

bestanding,.

8.答案：willbeimproved

解析：句意为:我们相信环境会在我们进一步减少污染的努力下得到改善。设空处作从句的

谓语动词,根据句中的further可知,此处指发生在将来的动作,应用一般将来时；improve与

从句主语theenvironment之间是被动关系，故用被动语态。故填willbeimprovedo

9.答案：advocating

解析：句意为：中国将通过资源保护来保障能源安全,倡导环保的生活方式和消费文化。分析

句子结构可知,设空处应用非谓语形式,advocate与主语China之间是逻辑上的主动关系，故

用现在分词作状语。

10.答案：buying

解析：cantresistdoingsth意为"忍不住做某事”，为固定搭配。故填buying。

11.答案：Opposed

解析：beopposedto为固定搭配,意为“反对……”，此处为形容词短语作状语,省去be

动词，故填Opposedo

12.答案：in

解析：句意为:微信是一个与他人保持联系以及即时发布位置与动态的不错方式。keepin

touchwith为固定搭配，意为“与......保持联系”。

13.答案：on

解析：句意为:到了我们高度重视改善食品安全的时候了。placeemphasison意为“重视”，

为固定搭配。故填on。

14.答案：prediction

解析：句意为:一些人总是把不久后是世界末日的预言当回事。设空处作take的宾语，其前

有定冠词the限定,应用名词。故填predictiono

15.答案：absence

解析：句意为：由于缺乏明确的目标，我们被困在日常生活中，直到成为生活的奴隶。设空处

作介词in的宾语且前有定冠词the限定,应用名词。故填absence。

二.答案：1-4.BACD

解析：1.细节理解题。根据第二段Oneindustryheavilyinvolvedinresearchingand

developingartificialintelligence,orAI,isagriculture.Companiesare

experimentingwithhigh-techtoolsthatcanhelpfarmerssavetimeandmoney,while

reducingenvironment-harmingchemicals.可知，人工智能通过帮助农民节省时间和金钱即

降低成本造福农业,故选B项。

2.细节理解题。根据第三段中的OneofthecompaniesisecoRobotixofSwitzerland.It

createdarobotequippedwithAIandcamerastoidentifyallplantsonafarm.和

最后一段中的Thesystem一whichconnectstothebackofatractor一isalsoequipped

withAItoidentifyandchemicallykillonlytheweeds.可知，这两家公司的产品的共

同之处是他们都使用识别技术,故选A项。

3.推理判断题。根据最后一段中本・乔斯特纳的话可知,该技术使用了与人脸识别相同的深

度学习方法。在人们教它大量例子之后,它由不认识藜草转变成为藜草专家,所以他的话表明

这个机器人有学习能力,故选C项。

4.主旨大意题。第二段中的Oneindustryheavilyinvolvedinresearchinganddeveloping

artificialintelligence,orAI,isagriculture.是全文的主题句，结合全文内容可知，

这篇文章主要讲了人工智能在农业中的应用，故选D项。

三.答案：①一⑤when;surprising;impression;an;beused;⑥一⑩your;torepair;to;

asked;generally

解析：①考查定语从句。设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词amoment且在从句中作时间状语,

故填when。

②考查形容词。设空处作表语，说明主语theabilityofnon-humanthingstorepair

themselves的特征，故填surprisingo

③考查名词。leaveadeepimpressionon...意为“给...留下深刻印象”。

(4)an考查冠词。takeaninterestin...意为“对...感兴趣”。

⑤考查被动语态。material与use之间是被动关系,且设空处前有情态动词could,故填be

usedo

⑥考查代词。设空处在此作定语，意为“你的〃，故填your。

⑦考查非谓语动词。beabletodosth.意为“能够做某事”。

⑧考查介词。leadto意为“导致，造成”。

⑨考查非谓语动词。ask与ProfessorWass之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故填asked。

⑩考查副词。设空处修饰谓语动词are,故填副词generally（通常）。

Unit2

UsingLanguage&AssessingYourProgress

一、填空

1.—从……中获益

2.人工智能

3.—与……保持联系

4.adj.效率高的

5.adj.可获得的

6.adj.相关的

7.n.距离

8.n.创新

9.adv.自动地

10.____adv.不断地

11.Youmustmakesurethetimeis_（准确的）.

12.Theyaredeterminedto_（抵制）pressuretochangethelaw.

13.Theauthoriswritingan_（文章）onthecausesoftheFirstWorldWarnow.

14.Whatmadeyoudecideona_（职业）asadoctor?

15.Thereisnoimmediate__（可能性）ofpeaceinthiscountry.

16.Nowwe511beabletolivein__（奢华）fortherestofourlives.

17.Thereportadvocatedthatallbuildingsshould（fit）withsmoke

detectors.

18.Thedesignofthebicyclehasmanagedtoreducetheeffectsofwind

（resist）anddrag.

二.阅读理解

ManyleadingAIresearchersthinkthatinamatterofdecades,artificial

intelligencewillbeabletodonotmerelysomeofourjobs,butallofourjobs,

forevertransforminglifeontheearth.

Thereasonwhymanypeoplerejectthisassciencefictionisthatwe've

traditionallythoughtofintelligenceassomethingmysteriousthatcanonlyexist

inbiologicalorganisms,especiallyhumans.Butsuchanideaisunscientific.

FrommypointofviewasaphysicistandAIresearcher,intelligenceissimply

acertainkindofinformation-processingperformedbyelementaryparticles（基本

粒子）movingaround,andthereisnolawofphysicsthatsaysonecan51buildmachines

moreintelligentthanusinallways.Thissuggeststhatwe'veonlyseenthetip

oftheintelligenceicebergandthatthereisanamazingpotentialtounlockthe

fullintelligencethatispotentialinnatureanduseittohelphumanity.

Ifwegetitright,theupsideishuge.Sinceeverythingweloveabout

civilizationistheproductofintelligence,amplifying（扩大）ourownintelligence

withAIhasthepotentialtosolvetomorrow，stoughestproblems.Forexample,why

riskourlovedonesdyingintrafficaccidentsthatself-drivingcarscouldprevent

ordyingofcancersthatAImighthelpusfindcuresfor?Whynotincrease

productivitythroughautomationanduseAItoaccelerateourresearchand

developmentofaffordablesustainable（可持续的）energy?

rmoptimisticthatwecandeveloprapidlywithadvancedAIaslongaswe

wintheracebetweenthegrowingpowerofourtechnologyandtheknowledgewithwhich

wemanageit.Butthisrequiresgivingupouroutdatedconceptoflearningfrom

mistakes.Thathelpeduswintheracewithlesspowerfultechnology.Wemessedup

withfireandtheninventedfireextinguishers(灭火器)，andwemessedupwithcars

andtheninventedseatbelts.However,it'sanawfulideaformorepowerful

technologies,suchasnuclearweaponsorsuperintelligentAI一whereevenasingle

mistakeisunacceptableandweneedtogetthingsrightthefirsttime.

(1)HowdomanypeoplefeelaboutleadingAIresearchers'predictions?

A.Worried.B.Curious.C.Doubtful.D.Disappointed.

(2)Whatdoestheauthorthinkofintelligence?

A.Weknowlittleaboutit.

B.Itbelongstohumanbeings.

C.Itistoodifficulttounderstand.

D.Wehaveagoodcommandofit.

(3)Whatdoestheunderlinedword〃upside"inParagraph4probablymean?

A.Cost.B.Potential.C.Quantity.D.Advantage.

⑷What'simportantforusintheracebetweenpeopleandtechnology?

A.Learningfromfailure.

B.Increasingourintelligence.

C.Avoidingmakingmistakes.

D.Makingaccuratepredictions.

三.七选五

〃0K,class.Countoffbyfives.〃①Sometimes,breakingintosmall

groupslastsaslongastheclassdoes.Othertimes,itsignalsthestartofaz/group

project”—whichmeansyou'11beworkingwithafewclassmatesforaday,several

days,orlongeronanassignment.

Everwonderedwhythistypeofprojectissopopularinschool?Orwhatyou

candotomakesureyourgroupprojectisfair,fun,andsuccessful?Youwantagood

grade,right?

②Mostthingsaredonewiththehelporideasofotherpeople.

Groupprojectsaregreatpracticeforhighschool,college,andreallife,whenyou

willprobablyhaveajobthatrequiresworkingwithothers.Rightnow,groupprojects

canbefunandtheyoftenallowyoutodoabigger,moreinterestingprojectthan

youcouldalone.