人教版（2019）选择性必修第四册Unit1 science fiction 单词详解素材

UNIT

1fiction

/ˈfɪkʃn/

n.小说；虚构的事

novelist(n)小说家science

fiction

[informal

sci-fi]

[abbr.

SF]

科幻小说(或影片等)

Today’ssciencefictionistomorrow’ssciencefact.今天的科幻小说就是明天的科学事实。test

out检验；测试

tryout检验；测试

standout显眼，突出pickout挑选leaveout省略，遗漏workout计算，锻炼，制定figureout弄明白dieout灭绝giveout分发，发出letout发出（声音）runout用光，用尽bonus

/ˈbəʊnəs/

n.意外收获；奖金；红利

annualbonus年度分红more

like更像是；更接近

Socialrobotswillbemuchmorelikecompanionsthanmeretools.lesslike不像nothinglike丝毫不像ridiculous

/rɪˈdɪkjələs/

adj.愚蠢的；荒谬的；荒唐的

itisridiculousforsbtodosth某人做某事是荒谬的integrity

/ɪnˈteɡrəti/

n.诚实正直；完整；完好

dignity

/ˈdɪɡnəti/

n.庄重；庄严；尊严

Nomatterhowrichyouare,youmusttreattheoldwithdignity.Despiteourfailure，wewillnotgiveupandlivewithdignity.salary

/ˈsæləri/

n.薪水；薪金

①incomen．收入②payn.报酬③wagen.工资④profitn.利润；收益⑤pensionn.养老金；退休金absurd

/əbˈsɜːd/

adj.荒谬的；荒唐的

appointment

/əˈpɔɪntmənt/

n.预约；约会；委任

→appointvt．任命；委任→appointedadj．约定的；指定的(1)make/have/fixanappointmentwithsb.与某人约会/预约/约定(时间)keep/breakanappointment守约/失约(2)appointvt.任命，委派；约定；指定appointsb.as/tobe...指定/任命某人为……appointsb.todosth.委派/任命某人去做某事nail

/neɪl/

n.指甲；趾甲；钉子

vt.(用钉子)钉牢；固定

polishyournailclipyournailsaleswoman

/ˈseɪlzwʊmən/

n.女售货员；女推销员

salesman,salesboy,salesgirlguilty

/ˈɡɪlti/

adj.内疚的；有罪的；有过失的

guiltn．内疚；悔恨；有罪beguiltyof\aboutIamguiltyofthesillymistakeImadeyesterdayandnowordscanexpressmyguilt.suspend

/səˈspend/

vt.悬；挂；暂停；暂缓

ladder

/ˈlædə(r)/

n.梯子；阶梯

dismiss

/dɪsˈmɪs/

vt.让(某人)离开；解散；解雇；消除

dismissal(n)解雇dismisssbfromone’sposition免去某人职务declare

/dɪˈkleə(r)/

vt.表明；宣称；公布

→declarationn．公告；宣言declarefor/against(doing)声明赞成/反对(做)……declarewaron/against向……宣战declare...tobe/as...宣布……是……declare(that)．..宣告；宣称Itisdeclaredthat…宣布各种“说”法①chatvi．&n．聊天；闲聊②whispervi．小声说；耳语③informvt．通知；告知④announcevt．宣告；宣布⑤declarevt．宣布；声明⑥statevt．声明；陈述whereas

/ˌweərˈæz/

conj.然而；但是；尽管

Thesalesmanwantstoliveinanapartment,whereashiswifewouldratherliveinaflat．rumour

/ˈruːmə(r)/

n.谣言；传闻

spreadtherumorthat..散播…谣言presume

/

prɪˈzjuːm；NAmE

-'zu:m/

vt.

&

vi.假设；假定fare

/feə(r)/

n.车费；船费；飞机票价

weekly

/ˈwiːkli/

adj.每周的

n.周刊

weekn．星期on

a

...

basis根据；以……的方式(基准)

onaregularbasis定期bebasedon\upon…以…为基础calculate

/ˈkælkjuleɪt/

vt.计算；核算；预测

calculationn．计算；预测→calculatorn．计算器→calculatedadj．精心策划的；蓄意的→calculatingadj．精明的；精于算计的itiscalculatedthat据估算calculateon\upon指望，期待chairwoman

/ˈtʃeəwʊmən/

n.女主席；女董事长；女委员长

gramme

[

NAmE

ɡram]

/ɡræm/

n.克(重量单位)

flour

/ˈflaʊə(r)/

n.面粉；(谷物磨成的)粉

venue

/ˈvenjuː/

n.活动场地(如音乐厅、会场等)

salesman

/ˈseɪlzmən/

n.售货员；推销员

alien

/ˈeɪliən/

n.外星人(生物)；外国人

adj.

陌生的；外星的；外国的

pros

and

cons事物的利与弊；支持与反对

ItisnecessarythatweweightheprosandconsofincludingEnglishwordsinChinesedictionaries．①backandforth来来回回②upanddown上上下下③hereandthere到处④nowandthen时而；不时⑤rightandleft到处；左右两边blurred

/blɜːd/

adj.模糊不清的；难以区分的

superior

/suːˈpɪəriə(r);

sjuː-/

adj.更好的；占优势的；(在级别或重要性上)更高的

superior

to

比……更好；更胜一筹

take

over

占上风；取而代之；接管；接手

takeoff脱掉(衣服等)；起飞；事业腾飞takedown写下；记下；拆除takein吸收；接纳；领会；欺骗takeon呈现；雇用；承担；从事takeup占有(时间/空间)；继续；开始；接受；拿起；开始从事Aftertakingoverthefirmfromhisfather，Tomtookinsomescientificideasandtookonsomeexperiencedandhard­workingworkers，whichsuggestedthathisfirmwouldtakeoffsoon．inaction

/ɪnˈækʃn/

n.无行动；不采取措施

conflict

with与……冲突或抵触

labour

/ˈleɪbə(r)/

n.劳动(者)；体力劳动

vi.奋斗；努力工作

leather

/ˈleðə(r)/

n.皮革；[pl.]皮衣；皮外套

lever

/

ˈliːvə(r)；NAmE

ˈlevər

/

n.操纵杆；杠杆

panel

/ˈpænl/

n.控制板；仪表盘；专家咨询组

inch

/ɪntʃ/

n.英寸(长度单位，等于2.54厘米)

backwards

/ˈbækwədz/

[NAmE

backward]

adv.向后；倒着；往回

grip

/ɡrɪp/

vt.&vi.紧握；抓紧

hazy

/ˈheɪzi/

adj.模糊的；朦胧的；困惑的

niece

/niːs/

n.侄女；外甥女

fetch

/fetʃ/

vt.(去)拿来；(去)请来

Inthedryseasons,thevillagershavetowalkseveralmilestofetchwaterfordailyuse．handkerchief

/ˈhæŋkətʃɪf

/

n.手帕；纸巾

lamp

/læmp/

n.灯；台灯

turn

out关掉；熄灭；在场；使朝外；结果是

Theweatherforecastsaidthatitwouldberainybutitturnedouttobefine．turndown拒绝；关小；调低turnin上交turnover翻身；移交；转变turnto求助于；转向turnup出现；调高pace

/ˈpeɪs/

n.速度；步伐；节奏

vt.&vi.确定速度；调整节奏

keeppacewith与…一致fall

away

(逐渐)减少；消失

Hissupportersfellawayashispopularitydeclined．fallapart（关系）破裂，崩溃fallbehind落后falldown跌倒，倒塌falloversb\sth绊倒falloff掉下，脱落division

/dɪˈvɪʒn/

n.分开；分隔；差异；除(法)

→dividevt．分割；分配；除以Thetraditionallabourdivisionbetweenmenandwomenisgraduallydisappearingpuff

/pʌf/

n.

(烟、气等的)一缕；少量；喘息

urge

/ɜːdʒ/

n.强烈的欲望；冲动

vt.催促；力劝；大力推荐

have

an

urge

to有强烈的欲望做某事

(1)urgesbtodosth催促某人做某事urgethat．．．(should)dosth极力主张……做某事(2)haveanurgetodosth渴望做某事(3)urgentadj．紧急的；迫切的urgencyn．紧急；催促random

/ˈrændəm/

adj.随机的；不可思议的

atrandom=randomly随意的maximum

/ˈmæksɪməm/

adj.最大极限的

n.最大量；最大限度

minimumn最小值，adj最小的explode

/ɪkˈspləʊd/

vi.

&

vt.爆炸；爆破

→explosionn．爆炸；爆破(声)→explosiveadj．易爆炸的；猛增的Theexplosionwascausedbyburstofagaspipe,whichmadethebossexplodewithanger．jolt

/dʒəʊlt/

n

.震动；摇晃；颠簸

vt.

&

vi.(使)震