2022年考博英语-东北师范大学考前模拟强化练习题39附答案详解

2022年考博英语-东北师范大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1.单选题

Hetoldmethatthenumberofstudentsattendingthemeeting（

）over100.

问题1选项

A.are

B.were

C.is

D.was

【答案】D

【解析】句意:他告诉我参加会议的学生人数超过了100人。

语法题。考查主谓一致。此句为宾语从句。宾语从句的主语为thenumber,因此其谓语动词应该用单数形式。而且主句的时态为一般过去时,所以宾语从句时态与主句保持一致。故选D。

2.单选题

Althoughwecanimaginelifebasedonsomethingotherthancarbonchemistry,weknowofnoexamplestotellushowsuchlifemightariseandsurvive.Wemustlimitourdiscussiontolifeasweknowitandtheconditionsitrequires.Themostimportantrequirementisthepresenceofliquidwater,notonlyaspartofthechemicalreactionsoflife,butalsoasamediumtotransportnutrientsandwasteswithintheorganism.

Thewaterrequirementautomaticallyeliminatesmanyworldsinoursolarsystem.Themoonisairless,andalthoughsomedatasuggesticefrozeninthesoilatitspoles,ithasneverhadliquidwateronitssurface.Inthevacuumofthelunarsurface,liquidwaterwouldboilawayrapidly.Mercurytooisairlessandcannothavehadliquidwateronitssurfaceforlongperiodsoftime.Venushassometracesofwatervaporinitsatmosphere,butitismuchtoohotforliquidwatertosurvive.Iftherewereanylakesoroceansofwateronitssurfacewhenitwasyoung,theymusthaveevaporatedquickly.Eveniflifebeganthere,notraceswouldbeleftnow.

Theinnersolarsystemseemstoohot,andtheoutersolarsystemseemstoocold.TheJovianplanetshavedeepatmospheres,andatacertainlevel,theyhavemoderatetemperatureswherewatermightcondenseintoliquiddroplets.Butitseemsunlikelythatlifecouldbeginthere.TheJovianplanetshavenosurfaceswhereoceanscouldnurturethebeginningoflife,andcurrentsintheatmosphereseemdestinedtocirculategasandwaterdropletsfromregionsofmoderatetemperaturetootherlevelsthataremuchtoohotortoocoldforlifetosurvive.

AfewofthesatellitesoftheJovianplanetsmighthavesuitableconditionsforlife.Jupiter’smoonEuropaseemstohavealiquid-wateroceanbelowitsicycrust,andmineralsdissolvedinthatwaterwouldprovidearichbrothofpossibilitiesforchemicalevolution.Nevertheless,Europaisnotapromisingsitetosearchforlifebecauseconditionsmaynothaveremainedstableforthebillionsofyearsneededforlifetoevolvebeyondthemicroscopicstage.IfJupiter’smoonsinteractgravitationallyandmodifytheirorbits,Europamayhavebeenfrozensolidatsomepointsinhistory.

Saturn’smoonTitanhasanatmosphereofnitrogen,argonandmethaneandmayhaveoceansofliquidmethaneandethaneonitssurface.Thechemistryoflifethatmightcrawlorswimonsuchaworldisunknown,butlifetheremaybeunlikelybecauseofthetemperature.ThesurfaceofTitanisadeadly-179°C(-290°F).Chemica)reactionsoccurslowlyornotatallatsuchlowtemperatures,sothechemicalevolutionneededtobeginlifemayneverhaveoccurredonTitan.

Marsisthemostlikelyplaceforlifeinoursolarsystem.Theevidence,however,isnotencouraging.MeteoriteALH84001wasfoundontheAntarcticicein1984.ItwasprobablypartofdebrisejectedintospacebyalargeimpactonMars.ALH84001isimportantbecauseateamofscientistsstudieditandannouncedin1996thatitcontainedchemicalandphysicaltracesofancientlifeonMars.

Scientistswereexcitedtoo,butbeingprofessionallyskeptical,theybegantestingtheresultsimmediately.Inmanycases,theresultsdidnotconfirmtheconclusionthatlifeonceexistedonMars.SomechemicalcontaminationfromwateronEarthhasoccurred,andsomechemicalsinthemeteoritemayhaveoriginatedwithoutthepresenceoflife.Thephysicalfeaturesthatlooklikefossilbacteriamaybemineralformationsintherock.

SpacecraftnowvisitingMarsmayhelpusunderstandthepasthistoryofwaterthereandpaintamoredetailedpictureofpresentconditions.Nevertheless,conclusiveevidencemayhavetowaituntilageologistinaspacesuitcanwanderthedrystreambedsofMarscrackingopenrocksandsearchingforfossils.

Wearelefttoconcludethat,sofarasweknow,oursolarsystemisbareoflifeexceptforEarth.Consequently,oursearchforlifeintheuniversetakesustootherplanetarysystems.

1.Thewordautomaticallyinthepassageisclosestinmeaningto（

）.

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthewateronVenusistrue?

3.HowwillscientistsconfirmtheexistenceoflifeonMars?

4.Accordingtoparagraph5,whywouldlifeonTitanbeimprobable?

5.Whichofthefollowingstatementsmostaccuratelyreflectstheauthor’sopinionaboutlifeinoursolarsystem?

问题1选项

A.partially

B.actually

C.occasionally

D.naturally

问题2选项

A.Thewaterevaporatedbecauseofthehightemperatures.

B.Thewaterbecamefrozeninthepolarregions.

C.Onlyalittlewaterisleftinsmalllakesonthesurface.

D.Raindoesnotfallbecausethereisnoatmosphere.

问题3选项

A.BysendingunmannedspacecrafttoMars.

B.BylookingatfossilsonMars.

C.ByviewingpicturestakenofMars.

D.BystudyingthepresentconditionsonMars.

问题4选项

A.Itdoesnothaveanocean

B.Itisnotaplanet.

C.Itistoocold

D.Ithasalowatmosphere.

问题5选项

A.Lifeisprobablylimitedtoplanetsintheinnersolarsystem.

B.ThereisalargebodyofevidencesupportinglifeonMars.

C.Thereislittleprobabilityoflifeonotherplanets

D.Weshouldexploreoursolarsystemforconditionsthatsupportlife.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.词义题。Automatically所在句子为:Thewaterrequirementautomaticallyeliminatesmanyworldsinoursolarsystem(对于水的需求使人类否定了太阳系中的很多星球)。分析句子结构可知automatically应该是副词,表达的意思大概为“自然而然,自动地”。四个选项分别为A“部分地”，B“实际上”，C“偶尔”和D“自然而然地”，故与文中automatically意思最接近的选项为D。

2.细节事实题。根据题干关键词thewateronVenus定位至第二段:Venushassometracesofwatervaporinitsatmosphere,butitismuchtoohotforliquidwatertosurvive.Iftherewereanylakesoroceansofwateronitssurfacewhenitwasyoung,theymusthaveevaporatedquickly(在金星上可以找到水蒸气的痕迹，但是这个星球温度太高了以至于液体根本无法存在。就算在初期这个星球上有过湖泊或者海洋，那他们肯定也迅速蒸发干了)。因此A项“金星上的水因高温蒸发了”与原文相符。

3.细节事实题。倒数第二段指出:SpacecraftnowvisitingMarsmayhelpusunderstandthepasthistoryofwaterthereandpaintamoredetailedpictureofpresentconditions.Nevertheless,conclusiveevidencemayhavetowaituntilageologistinaspacesuitcanwanderthedrystreambedsofMarscrackingopenrocksandsearchingforfossils(到达火星的宇宙飞船可能会对我们了解火星上有关水的历史并针对当前情况绘制出更加详细的地图有所帮助。然而，具有决定性影响的证据恐怕还得等地质学家穿上航空服漫游在火星干涸的河床上，橇开岩石获得相关化石之后)。因此B项“观察火星上的化石”正确。

4.细节事实题。第五段指出:butlifetheremaybeunlikelybecauseofthetemperature.ThesurfaceofTitanisadeadly-179°C(-290°F).Chemicalreactionsoccurslowlyornotatallatsuchlowtemperatures,sothechemicalevolutionneededtobeginlifemayneverhaveoccurredonTitan(那儿的气温使得生命存在的可能性不大。Titan的表面温度为-179'C。在如此低温环境下，化学反应非常慢或者说完全没有化学反应，因此生命起源的化学进化几乎不会在Titan发生)。故选C“温度太低”。

5.细节事实题。最后一段:Wearelefttoconcludethat,sofarasweknow,oursolarsystemisbareoflifeexceptforEarth.Consequently,oursearchforlifeintheuniversetakesustootherplanetarysystems(我们可以得出这样的结论：据我们所知，我们的太阳系除了地球以外，没有生命。因此，我们对宇宙中生命的探索将我们带到其他行星系统)。故选D。

3.翻译题

Inthissection,therearetenEnglishsentences.TranslatethemintoproperChineseandwritetheanswersonyouranswersheet.

IcamebackyesterdayfromHongKongwhereIhadspenttwoweeksvacationafterthecompletionoftheconstructionjobIhadbeeninchargeofinthesouth.

Ashewalkedaway,heturnedforonelastglimpseofherinthedoorway,tinyandsmilingandwavinggood-bye.

I’mlonelyonlywhenIamovertired,whenIhaveworkedtoolongwithoutabreak,whenforthetimebeingIfeelemptyandneedfillingup.

Hiswordsfailedhimforthemoment.

Theatrewillbereinventedandbecomemuchfreerandmoreimaginative.

Greateffortsshouldbemadetoinformyoungpeopleespeciallythedreadfulconsequencesoftakingupthehabit.

Forcountlessagesthesunroseandset,themoonwaxedandwaned,thestarsshoneinthenight,butitwasonlywiththecomingofManthatthesethingswereunderstood.

Manysketchesareinexistenceofpeasantsseatedbytheroadsideandmenandwomenatworkinthefields.

For20yearswewerepassivewitnessestothedeteriorationofpricesofourrawmaterialsandanexcessiveincreaseofthepricesofmanufacturedgoods.

Thestatementdeclaredthattheinternationaleconomicordermustbechangedorthegapbetweendevelopedanddevelopingcountrieswouldcontinuetowiden.

【答案】我在南方负责一项工程建设，任务完成之后，到香港度了两个星期的假，昨天刚回来。

当他离开吋，他回过头来看了她最后一眼。只见她站在门口，体态娇小，面带微笑，挥手向他告别。

只有在我过度劳累的吋候，在我长时间不间断地工作的吋候，在我感到内心空虚，需要充实的吋候，我才会感到寂寞。

他一时说不出话来了。

戏剧将脱胎换骨，变得更自由，更富想象力。

应该尽最大努力告诫年轻人，特别是上瘾后的可怕后果。

太阳升升落落，月亮盈盈亏亏，夜空星光闪烁，无数岁月就这样过去了，只是到人类出现以后，这些才被理解。

至今仍保存着许多素描，画的是坐在路旁的农民和在田间劳作的男女。

我们在20年内坐视原料价格下跌与工业品价格暴涨。

声明宣称：国际经济秩序必须改变，否则发达国家与发展中国家之间的差距将继续扩大。

4.单选题

Hespokeso（

）thatevenhisopponentswerewonoverbyhisarguments.

问题1选项

A.bluntly

B.convincingly

C.emphatically

D.determinedly

【答案】B

【解析】句意:他讲话非常有说服力以至于连他的对手都被他的论点说服了。

副词辨析。Bluntly直率地;convincingly有说服力地;emphatically强调地;determinedly坚定地。根据后面句意“以至于连他的对手都被他的论点说服了”判断B符合句意。

5.单选题

Itissaidinsomepartsoftheworld,goats,ratherthancows,serveasavital（

）ofmilk.

问题1选项

A.storage

B.source

C.reserve

D.resource

【答案】B

【解析】句意:据说，在世界上某些地方，牛奶的重要来源是山羊，而不是奶牛。

名词辨析。Storage存储，仓库;source来源;reserve储备，储存;resource资源，财力。因此B符合句意。

6.单选题

ForseveraldaysIsawlittleofMr.Rochester.Inthemorningheseemedmuchoccupiedwithbusiness,andintheafternoongentlemanfromtheneighborhoodcalledandsometimesstayedtodinewithhim.Whenhisfootwaswellenough,herodeoutagreatdeal.

Duringthetime,allmyknowledgeofhimwaslimittooccasionalmeetingsaboutthehouse,whenhewouldsometimespassmecoldly,andsometimesbowandsmile.Hischangesofmannerdidnotoffendme,becauseIsawthatIhadnothingtodowiththecauseofthem.

Oneevening,severaldayslater,IwasinvitedtotalktoMr.Rochesterafterdinner.Hewassittinginhisarmchair,andlookednotquitesosevere,andmuchlessgloomy.Therewasasmileonhislips,andhiseyeswerebright,probablywithwine.AsIwaslookingathim,hesuddenlyturned,andaskedme,“doyouthinkI’mhandsome,MissEyre?”

TheanswersomehowslippedfrommytonguebeforeIrealizedit:“Nosir.”

“Ah,youreallyareunusual!Youareaquiet,seriouslittleperson,butyoucanbealmostrude.”

“Sir,I’msorry.Ishouldhavesaidthatbeautydoesn’tmatter,orsomethinglikesthat.”

“No,youshouldn’t!Isee,youcriticizemyappearance,andthenyoustabmeintheback!Youhavehonestyandfeeling.Therearenotmanygirlslikeyou.ButperhapsIgotoofast.Perhapsyouhaveawfulfaultstocounterbalanceyourfewgoodpoints.”

Ithoughttomyselfthathemighthavetoo.Heseemedtoreadmymind,andsaidquickly,“yes,youareright.Ihaveplentyoffaults.IwentthewrongwaywhenIwastwenty-one,andhaveneverfoundtherightpathagain.Imighthavebeenverydifferent.Imighthavebeenasgoodasyou,andperhapswiser.Iamnotabadman,takemywordforit,butIhavedonewrong.Itwasn’tmycharacter,butcircumstanceswhichweretoblame.WhydoItellyouallthis?Becauseyou’rethesortofpersonpeopletelltheirproblemsandsecretsto,becauseyou’resympatheticandgivethemhope.”

Itseemedhehadquitealottotalktome.Hedidn’tseemtoliketofinishthetalkquickly,aswasthecaseforthefirsttime.

“Don’tbeafraidofme,MissEyre.”Hecontinued.“Youdon’trelaxorlaughverymuch;perhapsbecauseoftheeffectLowoodschoolhashadonyou.Butintimeyouwillbemorenaturalwithme,andlaugh,aridspeakfreely.You’relikeabirdinacage.Whenyougetoutofthecage,you’llflyveryhigh.Goodnight.”

1.AtthebeginningMissEyre’simpressionsofMr.RochesterwereallEXCEPT（

）.

2.In“...allmyknowledgeofhimwaslimittooccasionalmeetingsaboutthehouse...’’,theword“about”means

（

）.

3.WhydidMr.Rochestersay"...andthenyoustabmeintheback!”？（7thPara）

4.FromwhatMr.RochestertoldMissEyer,wecanconcludethathewantedto

（

）.

5.Attheendofthepassage,Mr.Rochestersound（

）.

问题1选项

A.busy

B.sociable

C.friendly

D.changeable

问题2选项

A.around

B.on

C.outside

D.concerning

问题3选项

A.BecauseJanehadintendedtokillhimwithaknife.

B.BecauseJanehadintendedtobemorecritical.

C.BecauseJanehadregrettedhavingtalkedtohim.

D.BecauseJanehadsaidsomethingelsetocorrectherself.

问题4选项

A.tellherallhistroubles

B.tellherhislifeexperience

C.changeheropinionofhim

D.changehiscircumstances

问题5选项

A.rude

B.cold

C.friendly

D.encouraging

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。文章中有关简爱对罗彻斯特印象的描述主要在文章前两段。根据第—段中的Inthemorningheseemedmuchoccupiedwithbusiness,andintheafternoongentlemanfromtheneighborhoodcalledandsometimesstayedtodinewithhim(上午他似乎有很多工作要做，下午隔壁的绅士会邀请他并且有时候会和他一起吃晚餐),由此可知选项A“繁忙”和选项B“善于交际的”属于简爱对罗彻斯特的最初印象；根据第二段的Hischangesofmannerdidnotoffendme...(对于他这种多变的态度，我也没有在意)可知选项D“易变的”也属于简爱对罗彻斯特的最初印象，而选项C“友好的”没有在文章中体现，故答案选项为C。

2.词义题。about所在句为:Duringthetime,allmyknowledgeofhimwaslimittooccasionalmeetingsaboutthehouse,whenhewouldsometimespassmecoldly,andsometimesbowandsmile(那吋，我对他所有的了解仅限于偶尔几次在家中的碰面，这时候这位邻居也只会是冷冷地从我身旁走过，但是有时候会鞠躬微笑)，原文中的occasionalmeetingsaboutthehouse是指在家里的几次偶尔的碰面，分析四个选项A“在……周围”，B“在…上面”，C“在…外面”和D“有关，关于”可知aroundthehouse与文中的aboutthehouse意思最接近，故答案选项为A。

3.判断推理题。题干部分所在句为:Isee,youcriticizemyappearance,andthenyoustabmeintheback!(我明白了，你批判我的外表，然后在后面捅了我一刀，这里的stabmeintheback字而意思是“从背后中伤我，背后捅我一刀”但是这里是一个比喻，说明简爱的话非常直接，将他伤的更深了，故答案选项为B“因为简爱的话更加有批判性了”；选项A“因为简爱打算用持刀杀了他”只是字面意思；选项C“因为简爱后悔跟他说话”在文章中没有体现；选项D“因为简爱说了一些纠正的话”，他之所以感觉受伤更深原因在于简爱说话的内容而不是说话的行为，故选项D也不对。

4.判断推理题。题目是问“从罗彻斯特对简爱说的话中我们可以知道罗彻斯特的目的是什么”，四个选项分别为根据文章倒数第三段中的WhydoItellyouallthis?Becauseyou’rethesortofpersonpeopletelltheirproblemsandsecretsto,becauseyou’resympatheticandgivethemhope(我什么要告诉你这些？因为你是那种让人非常愿意把自己的问题和秘密说出来的人，因为你非常有同情心而且能给人希望),可知罗彻斯特只是单纯地愿意将自己的经历讲给简爱听，并不带任何其他的目的，故答案选项为B项“想要告诉简爱他的人生经历”。

5.判断推理题。文章最后一段中罗彻斯特的话主要是对简爱进行鼓励，特别是这一句:You’relikeabirdinacage.Whenyougetoutofthecage,you’llflyveryhigh(你就像是一只的笼中小鸟，当年挣脱了笼子，你就会飞得更高)，由此可知答案选项为D“令人鼓舞的，鼓励的”。

7.单选题

Didyouknowthatwomen’sbrainsaresmallerthanmen’s?Theaveragewomen’sbrainweights10%lessthanmen’s.Sinceresearchhasshownthatthebiggerthebrain,theclevertheanimal,menmustbemoreintelligentthanwomen.Right?Wrong.Menandwomenalwaysscoresimilarlyonintelligencetests,despitethedifferenceinbrainsize.Why?Afteryearsofstudy,researchershaveconcludedthatit’swhat’sinsidethatmatters,notjustthesizeofbrain.Thebrainconsistsof“greymatter”and“whitematter”.Whilemenhavemoreofthelatter,theamountof“thinking”brainisalmostexactlythesameinbothsexes.

Ithasbeensuggestedthatsmallerbrainappearstoworkfaster,perhapsbecausethetwosidesofthebrainarebetterconnectedinwomen.Thismeansthatlittlegirlstendtolearntospeakearlier,andthatwomencanunderstandsortsofinformationfromdifferentsourcesatthesametime.Whenitcomestotalkingtothebossonthephone,cookingdinnerandkeepinganeyeonthebabyailatthesametime,it’swomenwhocomeoutontopeverytime.

Thereareotherimportantdifferencesbetweentwosexes.Aswhitematteristhekeytospatialtasks,menknowbetterwherethingsareinrelationtootherthings.“Agreatfootballeralwaysknowswhereheisinrelationtotheotherplayers,andheknowswheretogo,”saysoneresearcher.Thatmayexplainoneoflife’sgreatmysteries:whymenrefusetoaskfordirections...andwomenoftenneedto!

Thedifferencesbeginwhenfetusesareaboutnineweeksold,whichcanbeseenintheactionofchildrenasyoungasone.Aboywouldtrytoclimbabarrierbeforehimorpushitdownwhileagirlwouldattracthelpfromothers.Thesebraindifferencesalsoexplainthefactthatmorementakeupjobsthatrequiregoodspatialskillswhilemorewomenspeechskills.Itmayallgobacktoourancestors,amongwhomwomenneededspeechskillstotakecareoftheirbabiesandmenneededspatialskillstohunt,accordingtotheresearch.

Ifallthisdisappointsyou,itshouldn’t.“Thebrainchangesthroughoutourlivesaccordingtowhatwedowithit.”saysabiologist.

1.Thepassagemainlytellsus（

）.

2.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothefirstparagraph?

3.Whatcanweinferfromthesecondandthirdparagraphs?

4.Whichofthefollowingdoyouagreewithaccordingtothefourthparagraph?

5.Whatisthewriter’sattitudeinwritingthispassage?

问题1选项

A.thedifferencesbetweenmen’sandwomen’sbrains

B.thechangesinbrainthroughoutourlives

C.thatmenarebetteratspatialtasks

D.thatbraindifferencesarerelatedtoourancestors

问题2选项

A.Women’sbrainis10%lessthanmen’s.

B.Greymatterplaysthesameroleaswhitematter.

C.Greymattercontrolsthinkinginthebrain.

D.Bothsexeshavethesameamountofwhitematter.

问题3选项

A.Womenpreferdoingmanythingsatatime.

B.Mendobetterdealingwithonejobatatime.

C.Womendonotneedtotelldirections.

D.Menhaveweakerspatialabilities.

问题4选项

A.Youngboysmaybestrongerthanyounggirls.

B.Morewomentakeupjobsrequiringspeechskills.

C.Womenmayhavestrongerfeelingsthanmen.

D.Ourancestorsneededmorespatialskills.

问题5选项

A.Defensive

B.Persuasive

C.Supportive

D.Objective

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章首先通过否定脑袋越大的动物越聪明，所以男性一定比女性聪明的论断来引出文章的中心论点，即男女性在智利方而是没有什么差异的，是他们的大脑构造的不同导致了知识的掌握以及行为等方面的不同。因此选项A“男女性大脑的不同”比较能概括全文。

2.判断推理题。选项A“女性的大脑比男性轻10%”，根据文章第一段Theaveragewomen'sbrainweights10%lessthanmen’s.中的关键词average“平均”可知选项A表述不够准确，不是所有的女性的大脑都比男性轻10%；根据文章第一段中的Thebrainconsistsof“greymatter”and“whitematter”.Whilemenhavemoreofthelatter,theamountof“thinking”brainisalmostexactlythesameinbothsexes.“大脑包括‘大脑灰质”和‘白质’，尽管男性有更多的白质，但男女‘思维’几乎是相同的”可以推断出大脑灰质是“思维型”，而根据文章第三段中的Aswhitematteristhekeytospatialtasks...“由于对于完成需要空间思维的任务至关道要……”可知白质是“空间想象型”，故选项B“灰质和白质所起到的作用相同”和选项D“男女性拥有等量的白质”错误，而选项C“大脑灰质控制思维”正确。

3.判断推理题。根据文章第二段中的womencanunderstandsortsofinformationfromdifferentsourcesatthesametime.“女性大脑可以同吋处理来自不同地方的多种信息”可以推断出选项A“女性愿意同时做多件事”正确；选项B“男性能更好地在一个吋间内处理—件事情”在文章中没有体现；根据文章第三段中的whymenrefusetoaskfordirections...andwomenoftenneedto!“为什么男性不会去询问有关方向的问题，而女性却常常问这样的问题”可知选项C“女性不需要辨别方向”和选项D“男性的空间思维能力更弱”错误，故选A。

4.判断推理题。根据第四段的Thesebraindifferencesalsoexplainthefactthatmorementakeupjobsthatrequiregoodspatialskillswhilemorewomenspeechskills(这些大脑的区别解释了一种实际现象一一大部分男性都会从事需要很好的空间思维能力的工作而女性却从事需要语言技巧的工作),可推断出选项B“更多的女性从事需要语言技巧的工作”正确。

5.观点态度题。这是一篇具有科普类性质的文章，科普类的一般是客观的，故答案选项为D“客观的”。

8.单选题

KingJuanCarlosofSpainonceinsistedkingsdon’tabdicate,theydieintheirsleep.ButembarrassingscandalsandthepopularityoftherepublicanleftintherecentEuro-electionshaveforcedhimtoeathiswordsandstanddown.So,doestheSpanishcrisissuggestthatmonarchyisseeingitslastdays?DoesthatmeantheunitingisonthewallforallEuropeanroyals,withtheirmagnificentuniformsandmajesticlifestyles?

TheSpanishcaseprovidesargumentsbothforandagainstmonarchywhenpublicopinionisparticularlypolarized,asitwas.FollowingtheendoftheFranceregime,monarchscanriseabove“mere”politicsand“embody”aspiritofnationalunity.

Itisthisapparenttranscendenceofpoliticsthatexplainsmonarchs'continuingpopularityasheadsofstates.Andso;theMiddleEastexpected,Europeisthemostmonarch-infestedregionintheworld,with10kingdomsnotcountingVaticancityandAndorra.ButunliketheirabsolutistcounterpartsintheGulfandAsia,mostroyalfamilieshavesurvivedbecausetheyallowvoterstoavoidthedifficultsearchforanon-controversialbutrespectablepublicfigure.

Evenso,kingsandqueensundoubtedlyhaveadownside,symbolicofnationalunityastheyclaimtobe,theirveryhistory―andsometimesthewaytheybehavetoday―embodiesoutdatedandindefensibleprivilegesandinequalities.AtatimewhenThornesPikettyandotherecumenistsarewarningofrisinginequalityandtheincreasingpowerofinheritedwealth,itisbizarrethatwealthyaristocraticfamiliesshouldstillbethesymbolicheartofmodemdemocraticfamiliesandshouldstillbethesymbolicheartofmodemdemocraticstates.Themostsuccessfulmonarchiesstrivetoabandonorhidetheiroldaristocraticways.Princeandprincesshaveday-jobsandridebicycles,nothorses(orhelicopters).Evenso,thesearewealthyfamilieswhopartywiththeinternational1%,andmediaintrusivenessmakesitincreasinglydifficulttomaintaintherightimage.

WhileEurope’smonarchieswillnodoubtbesmartenoughtostriveforsometimetocome,itistheBritishroyalswhohavemosttofearfromtheSpanishexample.

ItisonlytheQueenwhohaspreservedthemonarchyreputationwithherratherordinary(ifwell-healed)grannystyle.ThedangerwillcomewithCharles,whohasbothanexpensivetasteoflifestyleandaprettyhierarchicalviewoftheworld.Hehasfailedtounderstandthatmonarchieshavelargelysurvivedbecausetheyprovideaservice-asnon-controversialandnon-politicalheadsofstate.CharlesoughttoknowthatasEnglishhistoryshows,itiskingsofrepublicanswhoarethemonarchy’sworstenemies.

1.Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs,KingJuanCarlofSpain（

）.

2.MonarchsarekeptasheadofstateinEuropemostly（

）.

3.Whichofthefollowingisshowntobeodd,accordingtoParagraph4?

4.TheBritishroyals“havemosttofear”becauseCharles

（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthetext?

问题1选项

A.usedtoenjoyhighpublicsupport

B.wasunpopularamongEuropeanroyals

C.endedhisreigninembarrassment

D.easedhisrelationshipwithhisrivals

问题2选项

A.owingtotheirundoubtedandrespectablestatus

B.toachieveabalancebetweentraditionandreality

C.togivevotersmorepublicfigurestolookupto

D.duetotheireverlastingpoliticalembodiment

问题3选项

A.Aristocrats’excessiverelianceoninheritedwealth

B.Thesimplelifestyleofthearistocraticfamilies

C.Theroleofthenobilityinmodemdemocracies

D.Thenobility’sadherencetotheirprivileges

问题4选项

A.takesatoughlineonpoliticalissues

B.failstochangehislifestyleasadvised

C.takesrepublicansashispotentialallies

D.failstoadapthimselftohisfuturerole

问题5选项

A.Carlos,GloryandDisgraceCombined

B.Carlos,aLessonforAllEuropeanMonarchs

C.Charles,SlowtoReacttotheComingThreats

D.Charles,AnxioustoSucceedtotheThrone

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。第一段指出:ButembarrassingscandalsandthepopularityoftherepublicanleftintherecentEuro-electionshaveforcedhimtoeathiswordsandstanddown(然而在近来欧洲选举中所留下的令人尴尬的丑闻和共和党人的声望却迫使他食言而退位)。由此可知C项“尴尬地结束自己的统治”正确。

2.判断推理题。第三段指出:Itisthisapparenttranscendenceofpoliticsthatexplainsmonarchs'continuingpopularityasheadsofstates(这种明显的政治超越解释了君主们作为国家元首的持续受欢迎)。...mostroyalfamilieshavesurvivedbecausetheyallowvoterstoavoidthedifficultsearchforanon-controversialbutrespectablepublicfigure.……(大多数皇室幸存的原因是他们让选民避免困难地去寻找没有争议但却可敬重的公众人物)。由此可知A项“由于他们无疑问且可敬重的地位”正确。

3.细节事实题。第四段指出:...itisbizarrethatwealthyaristocraticfamiliesshouldstillbethesymbolicheartofmodemdemocraticfamiliesandshouldstillbethesymbolicheartofmodemdemocraticstates(奇怪的是富有的贵族家鹿应该仍然是现代民主家庭和国家的象征性核心),由此可知C项“贵族在现代民主政治中的角色”正确。

4.推理判断题。最后一段指出:ThedangerwillcomewithCharles,whohasbothanexpensivetasteoflifestyleandaprettyhierarchicalviewoftheworld(危险将从查尔斯（王子）开始，他有一种奢华的生活品味，且对世界有着相当等级制度的观点)。可推知B项“未能按照建议来改变自己的生活方式”正确。

5.主旨大意题。文章第二段指出:.事实上当公众舆论特别两极分化时，西班牙国王退位的例子为支持和反对君主政治提供了论据。而且后续段落围绕“欧洲君主们应对君主政体所面临的危机而采取的方式”可推知B项“对所有欧洲君主们而言是一个教训的西班牙国王胡安•卡洛斯”比较适合作文章标题。

9.单选题

Themanagerissomuchundertheinfluenceofhissecretarythatsheisthe（

）headofthedepartment.

问题1选项

A.potential

B.virtual

C.probable

D.natural

【答案】B

【解析】句意:老板受到了他秘书的极大影响以至于她是实质上的老板了。

形容词辨析。Potential有潜力的;virtual实质上的;probable可能的;natural自然的。因此B符合句意。

10.单选题

Hesaidthathe’dsoonerdiethan（

）.

问题1选项

A.betray

B.tobetray

C.betrayed

D.begraying

【答案】A

【解析】句意:他声称自己宁死也不会背叛自己的祖国。

固定搭配。hadsooner+动词原形+thandosth.宁可做某事而不做某事。

11.翻译题

Putthefollowing5sentencesintoChinese.Writethemintheproperspacesonyouranswersheet.

TheAll-ChinaFederationofWomenhasrecentlydroppedthelabelandnowrefersto‘old’unmarriedwomen—buttheleftoverexpressionremainswidelyusedelsewhere.

Theprotoplanetwouldtaketensofthousandsofyearstogrowup,andscientistshopetostudytheentityandgleaninsightsintohowitwascreatedandhowitmightevolve.

Humanlongevityhasimprovedsorapidlyoverthepastcenturythat72isthenew30,scientistshaveclaimed.Moreover,itisnolongerclearwherethepossibleouterboundariesofhumanlifestand.

Thebestwaytocleanyourglassesistorunthemunderwarmwaterandputatinydropofdishwashingdetergentonthetipofyourfingerstocreatealatheronthelens.Thenrinsewithwarmwater,anddiywithaclean,softcottoncloth.

Innovativecompaniesareledbyinnovativechiefexecutives.Theyspendtheirtimeaskingprovocativequestions,observingtheworldlikeanthropologists,networkingwithpeoplewhodon'tthink,actortalklikethem.

Ifyou'retakingrisks,andyouprobablyshould,youcanfindyourselffailing90%ofthetime.Thetrickistogetpaidwhileyou'redoingthefailingandtousetheexperiencetogainskillsthatwillbeusefullater.Weshouldbetaughtthatfailureisaprocess,notanobstacle.

Thefollowingthreebasicprocessespromisehelpwithgreatinefficiency:collectingtasksandprojectsfromallyournotebooks,calendarsandfilesintooneorganizingsystem;decidingonthenextstepsanddesiredoutcomesforeachitem;andmakingahabitoffrequentlycheckingandupdatingyourto-dosandplans.

Studiesshowthatatleasthalfofthevariationinintelligencequotientisinherited.ButwhilescientistshaveidentifiedsomegenesthatcansignificantlylowerIQ---inpeopleafflictedwithmentalretardation,forexample---trulyimportantgenesthataffectnormalIQvariationhaveyettobepinneddown.

Accordingtoscientists,sendingyourchildtopianoorviolinlessonsinabidtoboosttheiracademicachieveme