Unit5RevealingNatureStartingoutUnderstandingideas课件高二英语选择性

高中新外延选择性必修一Unit5RevealingnatureStartingoutUnderstandingideastomakeknownsomethingthatwaspreviouslysecretorunkown1Whatdoyouknowabouttheseanimals?Whatmakesthemspecial?2Whatothersimilaranimalsdoyouknowabout?Shareyourknowledgewiththe

class.Lookatthepagefromasciencemagazineandanswerthequestions.Komododragonswerefirst

encounteredbyWesternresearchers1910.TheresearchersaidtheancestoroftheKomododragonmostlikelyevolvedinAustraliaandspreadwestward,reachingtheIndonesiaislandofFlores900,000yearsago.KomododragonsWhatdoyouknowabouttheseanimals?Thefirstscientiststoexamineapreservedplatypusbodyjudgeditafakeinthelate18thcentury.Theoldestdiscoveredfossilofthemodernplatypusdatesbacktoabout100,000yearsago.Duck-billedplatypusWhatdoyouknowabouttheseanimals?Fossilrecordsindicatethatthenautilushassurvivedrelativelyunchangedforaround500millionyears.Itisoftenconsidereda“livingfossil”.NautilusWhatdoyouknowabouttheseanimals?Watchandanswer1Howcanseedstravel?Howcanthisbenefitplants?Watchandanswer1Howcanseedstravel?

Howcanthisbenefitplants?Seedscanetravelgreatdistancesbybeingcarriedbythe_________,uponthe____________,__________or__________.windwateranimalspeopleWatchandanswerSeedshavea__________(better/worse)chanceatlifewhentheyare________(closer/further)awayfromtheirparentplant.Growingtoo_________(far/close)totheparentplantmeansseedsmightnotgetenough_______,________andnutrientsfromthe_______.Aspeciesis________(more/less)likelyto_________ifitsmembersaremore________(closely/widely)spread.betterfurtherclosesunwatersoilmoresurvivewidely1Howcanseedstravel?

Howcanthisbenefitplants?Watchandanswer2Canyouthinkofanotherexampleofseedstravelling?凤仙花属某种（Impatienssp）dandelionLearningobjectivesTogetthegeneralideaanddetailedinformationofthetextTocombDarwin'sjourneyofdiscoveryaccordingtothesequenceofeventsTorelatetotherealityoflife,experiencethehardshipsofexplorationfromthestoryofDarwinLeadinparamecium

/ˌpærəˈmiːsɪəm/草履虫

earthworm/ˈɜːθˌwɜːm/蚯蚓fern

/fɜːn/蕨类植物moss/mɒs/苔藓类植物algae/ˈældʒiː/藻类植物angiosperm/ˈændʒɪəˌspɜːm/被子植物gymnosperm/ˈdʒɪmnəʊˌspɜːm/裸子植物jellyfish

starfish

snail

crab

fish

tortoise

bird

horse

human

frog

1Whatspeciesdoyourecogniseinthepicture?2Whatfactorscancausetheprocessofevolution?environmentalchangespopulationimmigrationgeneticmutationculturalpreferences...lowerformsoflifehigherformsoflifeevolution达尔文与达尔文雀的卡通造型来源：/CharlesRobertDarwinFeb12th,1809—Apr19th,188214种达尔文雀来源：/Readthepassageandtalkaboutyourunderstandingofthetitle.Matchtheparts

withmainideas.FastreadingPart1(Paras.1-2)Part2(Paras.3-5)Part3(Paras.6)Part4(Paras.7)A.TheremarkaboutOntheOriginofSpecies.B.Darwin'snewtheoryaboutevolution.C.Thenewdiscoveriesduringthejourney.D.Darwinansweredthecallandbeganhisjourney.贝格尔号的船长想要招募这样一名船员，这名船员将能“借此机会访问遥远而鲜为人知的国家并从中受益”。然而来应聘的人并不是船长心中的理想人选。这个年轻人从医学院肄业，并且在他刚收到父亲的来信，信中预言他将会成为“你自己和你全家人的耻辱”。尽管如此，他的这次乘船探险之旅将带来有史以来最重要的一项科学发现。Para1profitbyanswerthecallfirstchoicereceivealetterbeadisgracetoleadtoofalltime这个受到质疑的年轻人就是地质学家和自然学家查尔斯·达尔文，他对岩石和动植物有着浓厚的兴趣。1831年，他搭乘贝格尔号从英格兰启程。这次旅程给了他研究自然环境中各种生物的契机。在南美洲度过一段时间后，他的船舱里堆满了收集到的动植物样本。当他研究这些样本时，他产生了疑问：这些不同的物种是如何产生的?Para2inquestionfascinatedbythechancetodosthbecrowdedwithcometoexist当时，人们认为所有的物种都是同时出现在地球上的，并从此再无变化。但达尔文开始有了不同的想法。他注意到，有些不同物种的动物彼此间很相似。也许动物为了适应不断变化的环境会逐渐进化？虽然这只是一个设想，但足够激励达尔文去寻求更多证据。Para3adapttoinspiresbtodoatthesametimethinkdifferentlynoticedbesimilarto1835年，当贝格尔号抵达加拉帕戈斯群岛时，达尔文发现了各种各样的新物种，但最令他感兴趣的是鸟类。达尔文注意到，在群岛中的每一个小岛上，雀鸟之间有所不同。它们的喙似乎是根据所在岛屿上可觅得的食物进化而来的。Para4reachavarietyofseemaccordingto达尔文猜想这些雀鸟是由共同的祖先进化而来的。很久以前，雀鸟的祖先来到这片群岛，随着时间的推移，慢慢进化成许多新的种类。于是，关于动植物的新种类是如何产生的这个问题就有了答案：它们是从早期的祖先进化而来的。Para5suspectovertimeevolveintocometoexist根据基因组测序数据绘制的“达尔文雀”演化关系图来自文献：LamichhaneySetal(2015)EvolutionofDarwin'sfinchesandtheirbeaksrevealedbygenomesequencing.Nature.518:371–375.doi:10.1038/nature14181经典的达尔文地雀演化关系图这是一个全新的观点—进化论。达尔文在他的《物种起源》一书中解释了这一理论。这本书直到1859年才出版，出版后立即引起轰动。很多人拒绝相信包括人类在内的所有生命都是从更低级的生命形式进化而来的。他们对此感到震惊。然而达尔文的科学研究很有说服力，越来越多的人开始接受他的理论。Para6explainnot...untilcauseastormrefusetodoconvincingWhyweremanypeople“shocked”byDarwin’stheory?如今，《物种起源》被认为是迄今为止最重要的著作之一。它彻底地改变了人类对于地球上生命的认识。而这一切都开始于贝格尔号的探索之旅。Para7beregardedasbeginwithchangeMatchtheparts

withmainideas.FastreadingPart1(Paras.1-2)Part2(Paras.3-5)Part3(Paras.6)Part4(Paras.7)A.TheremarkaboutOntheOriginofSpecies.B.Darwin'snewtheoryaboutevolution.C.Thenewdiscoveriesduringthejourney.D.Darwinansweredthecallandbeganhisjourney.1Darwin'sinterestinvariouslivingthingsmadehimagreatnaturalist.2Darwin'sjourneyontheBeagleinspiredhisTheoryofEvolution.3Darwinwentonajourneytoconfirmhistheorythathumanshadevolvedovertime.Choosethemainideaofthepassageandgiveyourreasons.Fastreading√Numberthepuzzlepiecesinorder.Organiseinformationfromthepassageandcompletethem.Carefulreading12345Carefulreading123variouslivingthingsintheirnaturalenvironmentsandsamplesoftheplantsandanimalshehadcollectedverysimilartoeachothercometoexistMaybeanimalsevolvedastheyadaptedtotheirchangingenvironments?thattherewasadifferencebetweenthefinchesoneachoftheislandshadevolvedaccordingtowhatfoodwasavailableonthatparticularislandCarefulreading45slowlyevolvedintomanynewspecieshadevolvedfromacommonancestor,whichhadarrivedontheislandsalongtimebeforehadevolvedfromlowerformsoflifePost-readingAccordingtothepassage,CharlesDarwincanbedescribed

asfollowingexcept_______.Howdoyouthinkthehumanspecieswillevolveinthefuture?Whathaveyoulearntaboutthespiritofscientificexploration?Howcanthisspirithelpyouinyourlifeandstudies?A.curiousanddeterminedB.braveanddiligentC.dedicatedandpersistentD.modestanduneducated√ThecaptainoftheshipnamedtheBeaglewantedsomeonetoprofitby1.

(visit)distantcountries.Darwingottheopportunity.Darwin,ageologistandnaturalist,2.

(fascinate)byrocks,plantsandanimals.Thejourneygavehimthechance3.____

(study)avarietyoflivingthingsintheirnaturalenvironments.Hisroomwascrowded4.

samplesoftheplantsandanimalshehadcollected.Heb