阅读理解（段落大意题）方法与练习-2023年高考英语第二轮复习阅读理解 解析版

2023年高考英语第二轮复习点对点刻意训练

专题06阅读理解（段落大意题）对策与训练解析版

目录内容

板块一命题规律探究

板块二高考真题引领

板块三名校模拟演练

命题规律探究

解箸戟:洛太慈爸盛t键是抓住段落的主题句。一般而言，每个段落总有一

个中心，通常中心思想会在首句或尾句体现出来，这就是常说的段落主题句。总

体来说，采用归纳法的段落，细节表述在前，归纳概括在后，主题句在段尾；

采用演绎法的段落，先提出观点，后举例子，由一般到特殊，主题句出现在段

首，这种现象较多出现在说明文和议论文中；若作者采用“特殊—一般-＞特殊”

的方式，主题句可能出现在段落的中间。有时，作者没有写出明显的主题句，考

生要学会根据段落的内容概括出主题句。

一、段落大意题设题方式

1.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?

2.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytellusabout...?

3.Inthelastparagraph,theauthormainlytellsus.

4.Whichofthefollowingisthemainideaofthesecondparagraph?

5.Thethirdparagraphmainlytellsusthat.

二、正确选项的特征

1.通常不含细节信息的词。

2.通常不含绝对意义的词。

3.能概括全文或某段的全部内容；涵盖性强，精确度强，恰当的表意范围和情

感色彩。

三、干扰选项的特征

1.过于笼统，不知所云。所概括的内容超出原文的范围。

2.以偏概全，主次不分。以文章中的细节内容或个别词语做出选项内容。

3.移花接木，偷换概念。选项中定语和状语影响语意范围，或者把属于A的内

容放在B上。

4.主观臆测，无中生有，选项中关键词也在文中提及，但选项的实际含义与文

章主题无关。

四、段落大意题思维导图

段首：说明文和议论文中的主题

首尾兼顾句常在段首

抓

段尾：先表述细节，后归纳概

住知段意

段括，段落主题句在段M

落段中间：先用一句或几句话引出要表达的主

主题，再陈述主题•然后论述细行，即引出主题

题

一段落中心一再论述

句

没有明显段落主题句时,需慨括段落内容，

总结段落大意

高考真题引领

（2020全国I卷D篇，保留原题序号）

Theconnectionbetweenpeopleandplantshaslongbeenthesubjectofscientificresearch.

Recentstudieshavefoundpositiveeffects.AstudyconductedinYoungstown,Ohio,forexample,

discoveredthatgreenerareasofthecityexperiencedlesscrime.Inanother,employeeswere

showntobe15%moreproductivewhentheirworkplacesweredecoratedwithhouseplants.

32.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Anewstudyofdifferentplants.

B∙Abigfallincrimerates.

C.Employeesfromvariousworkplaces.

D.Benefitsfromgreenplants.

破题关键点

第一步读文章，概括段意

本段通过列举两项科学研究来说明绿色植物对人类的好处。

第二步析选项，斟酌判断

对不同植物的一项新研究。原文中提到对绿色植物的研究，但不以偏概全，

A

是该段的主旨。断章取义

犯罪率大幅下降。用犯罪率下降来证明的是绿色植物的好处，故混以偏概全，

B

淆主次。断章取义

来自不同工作场所的员工。以偏概全，

C

虽涉及到工作场所的员工，但是以偏概全，不是本段的主题。生搬硬套

绿色植物的好处。本段主旨就是列举两项科学研究来说明绿色植物涵盖性强，

D

对人类的好处。该项是对本段内容的精炼总结和概括。覆盖全段

第三步对比选项得出答案

自主解答：D

（2017全耳II卷C篇，保留原题序号）

（2017•全国卷∏,C篇节选）TerrafugiaInc.saidMondaythatitsnewflyingcarhas

completeditsfirstflight,bringingthecompanyclosertoitsgoalofsellingtheflyingcarwithin

thenextyear.Thevehicle——namedtheTransition——hastwoseats,fourwheelsandwingsthatfold

upsoitcanbedrivenlikeacar.TheTransition,whichflewat1,400feetforeightminuteslast

month,canreacharound70milesperhourontheroadand115intheair.ltfliesusinga23-gallon

tankofgasandburns5gallonsperhourintheair.Ontheground,itgets35milespergallon.

28.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?

A.ThebasicdataoftheTransition.

B∙Theadvantagesofflyingcars.

C.Thepotentialmarketforflyingcars.

D.ThedesignersoftheTransition.

［解题思路］

第一步

thefirstparagraphmainlyabout

题干关键词

第二步at1,400feetforeightminutes,70milesperhour,a23gallontank,35miles

原文关键词pergallon

ThebasicdataoftheTransition.

A直接概括

（飞行汽车/Transition的基本数据。

Theadvantagesofflyingcars.

B飞行汽车的优点。一,曲解文意

第三步比对

选项关键词

Thepotentialmarketforflyingcars.

C飞行汽车的潜在市场。'无中生有

ThedesignersoftheTransition.

D以偏概全

飞行汽车的设计者。

自主解答：A

（2022新高考I卷D篇，保留原题序号）

Humanspeechcontainsmorethan2,000differentsounds,fromthecommon"m”and"a”to

therareclicksofsomesouthernAfricanlanguages.ButWhyarecertainsoundsmorecommonthan

others?Aground-breaking,five-yearstudyshowsthatdiet-relatedchangesinhumanbiteledtonew

speechsoundsthatarenowfoundinhalftheworld,slanguages.

Morethan30yearsago,thescholarCharlesHockettnotedthatspeechsoundscalled

labiodentals,suchas"f'andςςv,∖weremorecommoninthelanguagesofsocietiesthatatesofter

foods.NowateamofresearchersledbyDamianBlasiattheUniversityofZurich,Switzerland,has

foundhowandwhythistrendarose.

Theydiscoveredthattheupperandlowerfrontteethofancienthumanadultswerealigned（对

齐）,makingithardtoproducelabiodentals,whichareformedbytouchingthelowerliptotheupper

teeth.Later,ourjawschangedtoanoverbitestructure（结构），makingiteasiertoproducesuch

sounds.

Theteamshowedthatthischangeinbitewasconnectedwiththedevelopmentofagriculturein

theNeolithicperiod.Foodbecameeasiertochewatthispoint.Thejawbonedidn,thavetodoas

muchworkandsodidn,tgrowtobesolarge.

Analysesofalanguagedatabasealsoconfirmedthattherewasaglobalchangeinthesoundof

worldlanguagesaftertheNeolithicage,withtheuseof4tf,andiV,increasingremarkablyduring

thelastfewthousandyears.Thesesoundsarestillnotfoundinthelanguagesofmany

hunter-gathererpeopletoday.

Thisresearchoverturnsthepopularviewthatallhumanspeechsoundswerepresentwhen

humanbeingsevolvedaround300,000yearsago."Thesetofspeechsoundsweusehasnot

necessarilyremainedstablesincetheappearanceofhumanbeings,butratherthehugevarietyof

speechsoundsthatWefindtodayistheproductofacomplexinterplayofthingslikebiological

changeandculturalevolution,,,saidStevenMoran,amemberoftheresearchteam.

32.WhichaspectofthehumanspeechsounddoesDamianBlasi,sresearchfocuson?

A.Itsvariety.B.Itsdistribution.C.Itsquantity.D.Itsdevelopment.

33.Whywasitdifficultforancienthumanadultstoproducelabiodentals?

A.Theyhadfewerupperteeththanlowerteeth.

B.Theycouldnotopenandclosetheirlipseasily.

C.Theirjawswerenotconvenientlystructured.

D.Theirlowerfrontteethwerenotlargeenough.

34.Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout?

A.Supportingevidencefortheresearchresults.

B.Potentialapplicationoftheresearchfindings.

C.Afurtherexplanationoftheresearchmethods.

D.Areasonabledoubtabouttheresearchprocess.

35.WhatdoesStevenMoransayaboutthesetofhumanspeechsounds?

A.Itiskeytoeffectivecommunication.

B.Itcontributesmuchtoculturaldiversity.

C.Itisacomplexanddynamicsystem.

D.Itdrivestheevolutionofhumanbeings.

【答案】32.D33.C34.A35.C

【导语】本篇是一篇说明文。主要介绍因为饮食的改变导致了现在在世界上一半的语言中

发现了新的语音。

w

32.Do细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的Morethan30yearsago,thescholarCharles

Hockettnotedthatspeechsoundscalledlabiodentals,suchas"f"andHVM,weremore

commoninthelanguagesofsocietiesthatatesofterfoods.Nowateamofresearchersledby

DamianBlasiattheUniversityofZurich,Switzerland,hasfoundhowandwhythistrend

arose.（30多年前，学者CharleSHOCkett注意到，被称为唇齿音的语音，如“f”和“v”,

在吃软食物的社会的语言中更常见。现在，瑞士苏黎世大学的DamianBIaSi领导的一组研

究人员发现了这一趋势产生的方式和原因可知DamianBlasi的研究重点是在语言的演

变上。故选D。

33.Co细节理解题。根据第三段中的wTheydiscoveredthattheupperandlowerfrontteeth

ofancienthumanadultswerealigned,makingithardtoproducelabiodentalsywhichare

formedbytouchingthelowerliptotheupperteeth.Later,ourjawschangedtoanoverbite

structure,makingiteasiertoproducesuchSOiIIIdS.（他们发现，古人类的上门牙和下门牙是

对齐的，因此很难产生唇齿音，唇齿音是通过下唇接触上牙齿而形成的。后来，我们的下

颗变成了覆盖咬合结构，更容易发出这样的声音）”可知，因为古代成年人的下颗结构使他

们很难发出唇齿音。故选C。

34.Ao主旨大意题。根据第五段中的"Analysesofalaiigiiagedatabasealsoconfirmedthat

therewasaglobalchangeinthesoundofworldlanguagesafterthesoNeolithicage,withthe

useof"f"andαvwincreasingremarkablyduringthelastfewthousandyears.Thesesounds

arestillnotfoundinthelanguagesofmanyhunter-gathererpeopletoday.（对语言数据库的

分析也证实，在新石器时代之后，世界语言的发音发生了全球性的变化，在过去几千年里，

“f”和“v”的使用显著增加。这些声音在今天许多狩猎采集者的语言中仍然没有发现）”

可知，第五段主要是通过列明数据分析结果来进一步证明研究结果。故选A。

35.Co推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“"Thesetofspeechsoundsweusehasnot

necessarilyremainedstablesincetheappearanceofhumanbeings,butratherthehuge

varietyofspeechsoundsthatwefindtodayistheproductofacomplexinterplayofthings

likebiologicalchangeandculturalevolution,wsaidStevenMoran,amemberoftheresearch

team.（研究小组成员SteVenMOran说：“自从人类出现以来，我们使用的语音不一定保持

稳定，我们今天发现的各种语音都是生物变化和文化进化等复杂相互作用的产物»号”可知，

StevenMoran认为语音是一个复杂的动态系统。故选Co

（2022全国甲卷D篇，保留原题序号）

Sometimeintheearly1960s,asignificantthinghappenedinSydney,Australia.Thecity

discovereditsharbor.Then,oneafteranother,Sydneydiscoveredlotsofthingsthatwerejustsortof

there—broadparks,superbbeaches,andaculturallydiversepopulation.Butitistheharborthat

makesthecity.

AndrewReynolds,acheerfulfellowinhisearly30s,pilotsSydneyferryboatsforaliving.I

spentthewholemorningshuttlingbackandforthacrosstheharbor.AfterourthirdrunAndrewshut

downtheengine,andWewentourseparateways—heforalunchbreak,Itoexplorethecity.

'Tllmisstheseoldboats,“hesaidasweparted.

“Howdoyoumean?”Iasked.

“Oh,they,rereplacingthemwithcatamarans.Catamaransarefaster,butthey,renotsoelegant,

andthey,renotfuntopilot.Butthat,sprogress,Iguess.”

EverywhereinSydneythesedays,changeandprogressarethewatchwords（口号），and

traditionsareincreasinglyrare.ShirleyFitzgerald,thecity,sofficialhistorian,toldmethatinits

rushtomodernityinthe1970s,Sydneysweptasidemuchofitspast,includingmanyofitsfinest

buildings.44Sydneyisconfusedaboutitself,,,shesaid.tςWecan,tseemtomakeupourminds

whetherwewantamodemcityoratraditionalone.Ifsaconflictthatwearen,tgettinganybetterat

resolving（解决）.”

Ontheotherhand,beingyoungandoldatthesametimehasitsattractions.Iconsideredthis

whenImetathoughtfulyoungbusinessmannamedAnthony.uManypeoplesaythatwelackculture

inthiscountry,,,hetoldme.ςςWhatpeopleforgetisthattheItalians,whentheycametoAustralia,

brought2000yearsoftheirculture,theGreekssome3000years,andtheChinesemorestill.We,ve

gotafoundationbuiltonancientculturesbutwithadriveanddynamismofayoungcountry.It,sa

prettyhardcombinationtobeat.”

Heisright,butIcan,thelpwishingtheywouldkeepthoseoldferries.

32.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Sydney,sstrikingarchitecture.

B.TheculturaldiversityofSydney.

C.ThekeytoSydney,sdevelopment.

D.Sydney,stouristattractionsinthe1960s.

33.WhatcanwelearnaboutAndrewReynolds?

A.Hegoestoworkbyboat.

B.Helooksforwardtoanewlife.

C.Hepilotscatamaranswell.

D.Heisattachedtotheoldferries.

34.WhatdoesShirleyFitzgeraldthinkofSydney?

A.Itislosingitstraditions.

B.Itshouldspeedupitsprogress.

C.Itshouldexpanditspopulation.

D.Itisbecomingmoreinternational.

35.Whichstatementwilltheauthorprobablyagreewith?

A.Acitycanbeyoungandoldatthesametime.

B.Acitybuiltonancientculturesismoredynamic.

C.modernityisusuallyachievedatthecostofelegance.

D.Compromiseshouldbemadebetweenthelocalandtheforeign.

32-35DDAA

【解题导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过作者和悉尼人士的交流介绍了悉尼发展中

面临的问题。

32.C。主旨大意题。根据第一段"Sometimeintheearly1960s,asignificantthinghappenedin

Sydney,Australia.Thecitydiscovereditsharbor.（20世纪60年代初，澳大利亚悉尼发生了

一件大事。这座城市发现了它的港口）”以及“Butitistheharborthatmakesthecity.（但是是

港口造就了城市）”可知，本段主要介绍了悉尼发展的关键是港口。故选C。

33.Do细节理解题。根据第二段"AndrewReynolds,acheerfulfellowinhisearly30s,pilot

Sydneyferryboatsforaliving.（30岁出头的AndrewReynolds是个快乐的小伙子,他在悉尼

担任渡轮领航员为生）“、第三段"'Hmisstheseoldboats.（我会想念这些旧船的）”以及第五段

wCatamaransarefaster,butthey,renotsoelegant,andthey,renotfuntopilot.（双体船更快,

但它们不那么优雅，驾驶起来也不有趣）”可知，渡轮领航员AndrewReynolds喜欢老式渡

船。故选D。

,

34.Ao推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“ShirleyFitzgerald,thecitysofficialhistorian,toldme

thatinitsrushtomodernityinthe1970s,Sydneysweptasidemuchofitspast,including

manyofitsfinestbuildings.（悉尼的官方历史学家ShirleyFitzgerald告诉我，在20世纪70

年代奔向现代化的过程中，悉尼把很多它的过去都抛在了一边，包括许多最漂亮的建筑）”

可推知，ShirleyFitZgerakl认为悉尼匆忙奔向现代化，正在失去它的传统。故选A。

35.A推理判断题根据倒数第二段的第一句...beingyoungandoldatthesametimehasits

attractions.可知，作者认为一个城市新旧并存是非常有魅力的。根据下文中Anthony的观

点...afoundationbuiltonancientcultureswithadriveanddynamismofayoungcountry.

和最后一段Heisright...可知，Anthony认为澳大利亚是一个建立在古老文化基础上并同

时充满活力的年轻国家，作者认同其观点。

名校模拟演练

（爹023秋•安徽滁州•高三矗考期末）AresearchteamledbyDelPozoCruzfromthe

UniversityofSouthernDenmark,recentlypublishedastudythatfoundwalking10,000stepsaday

loweredtheriskfordementiaby50%.

However,ifwalkingoccuιτedatabriskpaceof112stepsaminutefor30minutes,it

maximizedriskreduction,leadingtoa62%reductionindementiarisk.The30minutesof

fast-pacedwalkingdidn,thavetooccurallatonce-itcouldbespreadoutovertheday."Our

takeisthatintensityofsteppingmatters—overandabovevolume,,,saidCruz.

Thenewstudyfollowed78,500peoplebetweentheagesof40and79fromEngland,

ScotlandandWaleswhoworewriststepcountersfor24hoursadayoverasevendaystretch.

Aftercountingeachperson,stotalnumberofstepseachday,researchersplacedthemintotwo

categories:Fewerthan40stepsperminute,whichismorelikewhenyou,rewalkingfromroom

toroom-andmorethan40stepsperminute,orso-called“purposeful”walking.Athirdcategory

wascreatedforpeakperformers-hosewhotookthemoststepsperminutewithin30minutes

overthecourseofaday.

Aboutsevenyearslater,researcherscomparedthatdatatomedicalrecordsandfoundpeople

whotookthemoststepsperminuteshowedthebiggestreductioninriskforcancer,heartdisease

andearlydeathfromanycause.

Researchersfoundtheassociationbetweenpeak30-minutestepsandriskreductiontobe

dependentonthediseasestudied:Therewasa62%reductionfordementia,an80%declinefor

cardiovasculardiseaseanddeath,andabouta20%dropinriskforcancer.

What,sthetakeaway?Youdon,thavetofixateonthenumbersofsteps.ςςSpend30minutes

beingbreathlessatwhateverpaceyou,reat,andthenkeepchallengingyourselftobeslightly

unsatisfiedatyourcurrentlevelsoyoucangetbetterandbetter,“saidDr.AndrewFreeman.

I.Whichaspectofwalkingdoesthestudyfocuson?

A.Itstime.B.Itspace.C.Itslength.D.Itspopularity.

2.Whatcanwelearnaboutthesubjectsinthethirdcategory?

A.Theyaretheoldest.B.TheyarefromWales.

C.Theywalkthequickest.D.Theywalkwithoutstepcounters.

3.Whatdoesparagraph5mainlytellusaboutthestudy?

A.Itsfindings.B.Itsprocedures.

C.Itsmedicalapplication.D.Itstheoreticalsignificance.

4.WhatdoesFreemansuggestwalkersdo?

A.Counttheirstepsasexactlyaspossible.B.Sparethemselves30minuteseveryday.

C.Aimalittlehigherthantheirpresentlevel.D.Setaspecificgoalforthemselveseach

day.

【答案】1.B2.C3.A4.C

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了研究发现如果以每分钟112步的快走速度行走

30分钟，则可最大限度地降低风险，使痴呆风险降低62%。介绍了研究开展的过程以及结

果。

1.细节理解题。根据第二段“However,ifwalkingoccurredatabriskpaceofl12stepsa

minutefor30minutes,itmaximizedriskreduction,leadingtoa62%reductionindementia

risk.The30minutesoffast-pacedwalkingdidn,thavetooccurallatonce—itcouldbe

spreadoutovertheday.uOurtakeisthatintensityofsteppingmatters—overandabove

volume,wsaidCnIZ.（然而，如果以每分钟112步的快走速度行走30分钟，则可最大限度地

降低风险，使痴呆风险降低62%o30分钟的快节奏步行不必一次完成，可以分散到一天中。

克鲁兹说：“我们认为，步伐的强度比音量更重要）”可知，这项研究关注的是步行速度。故

选B。

2.细节理解题。根据第三段"Athirdcategorywascreatedforpeakperformers—hosewho

tookthemoststepsperminutewithin30minutesoverthecourseofaday.（第三类是为表现

最好的人设计的——在一天中30分钟内每分钟走的步数最多的人）”可知，第三类人走路最

快。故选C

3.主旨大意题。根据第五段“Researchersfoundtheassociationbetweenpeak30-minutesteps

andriskreductiontobedependentonthediseasestudied:Therewasa62%reductionfor

dementia,an80%declineforcardiovasculardiseaseanddeath,andabouta20%dropin

riskforCanCer.（研究人员发现，30分钟的步数峰值与风险降低之间的关联取决于所研究的

疾病：痴呆风险降低62%,心血管疾病和死亡风险降低80%,癌症风险降低约20%）”可知，

第5段主要告诉我们研究结果。故选A。

4.细节理解题。根据最后一段“What'sthetakeaway?Youdon,thavetofixateonthe

numbersofsteps.fc6Spend30minutesbeingbreathlessatwhateverpaceyou,reat,andthen

keepchallengingyourselftobeslightlyunsatisfiedatyourcurrentlevelsoyoucangetbetter

andbetter/9saidDr.AndrewFreemalι.（有什么好处？你不必拘泥于步数。安德鲁•弗里曼博

士说:“花30分钟让自己以任何速度喘不过气来，然后不断挑战自己，让自己对目前的水平

略感不满，这样你就可以变得越来越好。可知，弗里曼建议步行者的目标比他们现在的

水平高一点。故选C。

（2023秋•福建龙岩•高三校联考期末）It'sallrighttocry.Really.Althoughit,softenseen

asasignofweakness,cryingcanbejustwhatthedoctororderedforsortingthroughChaotiC（混舌L

的）emotionsandcheeringup.

Ourgeneraldisapprovalofemotionalexpressionandcryingspecificallystemsfrom

childhood,saidStephenSideroff,anassistantprofessor.Askids,we,reoftentaughttorestrain（抑

⅛∣J）ouremotions.Maybeyourememberbeingteasedinelementaryschoolforcryingwhenyou

werehurt.Manyofuslearnedtherewerefeelings,suchasangerorresentment,thatweshouldn,t

haveorexpress.Aschildrengrowintoadulthood,WegraduallyIeamtoregulateourfeelings.So

what,youmightsay?Whocares?Butwedon,tholdemotionsinonlyourheads,Sideroffsaid.We

storetheminourbodies,too.

Holdingbackyourfeelingscanhurt."Thesefeelingshaveenergy,,,Sideroffexplained.ςςYou

（then）havetorestrainthemindifferentways."Thatinterfereswithnaturalprocessesandcreates

imbalancessincethebody,sneedisstillthere.Ifyou,resadorhurtorangry,youneedtofind

somethingtoresolvethatimbalance.Ifyoudon,t,youmightexpressthoseimbalancedfeelingsin

inappropriateways—likelashingoutat（猛架」抨击）yourfamilyorfriends.Emotionalrestraintcan

limitourabilitytoexperiencepositivefeelings,suchasjoyandlove,aswell.

Generally,thethreetypesoftearsincludeemotionaltears,whichresultfromstrongfeelings

suchasjoyorsadness.BasaltearsIUbriCate（润滑）youreyes.Reflextearsreleasewhendustor

onionoxidesannoyyoureyes.Humansaretheonlyanimalswhocryintoadulthoodandhave

emotionaltears.

Peopleoftenreportfeelingbetteraftertheycry.Thatcouldbebecausecryingforcesustopay

attentiontowhattriggered（触发）usandworkthroughouremotionsandthoughts.Cryingmight

alsohelpinunderstandingwhat,simportanttous,especiallyifwecryoversomethingthatupsets

usunexpectedly.

5.WhichofthefollowingisStephen,sidea?

A.Emotionsarecreatedbythechaos.

B.Emotionsarestoredonlyinourheads.

C.Emotionalrestraintoriginatesfromchildhood.

D.Emotionalrestraintdevelopspositivefeelings.

6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“resentment“inParagraph2referto?

A.Joy.B.Bitterness.C.Satisfaction.D.Disappointment.

7.Whatisthefourthparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Thecharacteristicsofcrying.B.Thefunctionsoftears.

C.Theclassificationoftears.D.Theresultsofcrying.

8.Howwouldtheauthorfeelabouttheoutcomeofcrying?

A.It,sdoubtful.B.It,sunexpected.

C.It,sdiscouraging.D.It,sbeneficial.

【答案】5.C6.7.C8.D

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述抑制情绪的表达有一定的危害，将情绪表达出来，

如哭泣是有好处的。

5.细节理解题。根据第二段第一句"OiIrgeneraldisapprovalofemotionalexpressionand

cryingspecificallystemsfromchildhood,saidStephenSideroff,anassistantPrOfeSsor.（助理

教授StephenSideroff说,我们普遍的反对情绪化的表达和哭泣,这是从童年时期就开始的）”

可知，StePheIISiderOff认为情绪抑制源于童年。故选C。

6.词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句"Manyofuslearnedtherewerefeelings,suchasangeror

resentment,thatweshouldn'thaveorexpress.（我们中的许多人都知道，有些情绪，例如愤

怒或怨恨，我们不应该拥有或表达）”中的“ange/可推知，划线词所表达的意思应与“愤怒”

为同类词，表达一种不满，因而选项B.Bitterness“愤恨”符合题意。故选B。

7.主旨大意题。根据第四段前三句"Generally,thethreetypesoftearsincludeemotional

tears9whichresultfromstrongfeelingssuchasjoyorsadness.BasaltearsIUbriCate（润

滑）youreyes.Reflextearsreleasewhendustoronionoxidesannoyyoureyes.（一般来说，这

三种类型的眼泪包括情绪性的眼泪，这些眼泪是由强烈的情绪如喜悦或悲伤引起的。基础

眼泪润滑你的眼睛。当灰尘或洋葱氧化物侵扰你的眼睛时，反射性眼泪会释放出来）”可知，

这里将眼泪分成了三种类型，因此本段主要讲了眼泪的分类。故选C。

8.推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句"Peopleoftenreportfeelingbetteraftertheycry.（人们

通常在哭泣后感觉更好）”及最后一句“Cryingmightalsohelpinunderstandingwhafs

importanttous9especiallyifwecryoversomethingthatupsetsusIIIIeXPeCtedly∙（哭也可能有

助于理解什么对我们来说是重要的，特别是当我们为一些意外的事情而哭泣时）”可知，这都

是哭泣带来的好处，所以作者认为哭泣是有好处的。故选D。

（2023秋•内蒙古阿拉善盟•高三阿拉善盟第一中学校考期末）Humanshavelongbeen

tryingtomakesenseofourplaceintheuniverse.WaitingatalaunchsiteinFrenchGuiana?

NASA,sJamesWebbSpaceTelescopeisthelateststepforwardinthatancientquest（探索）.

Usingtelescopes,astronomershaveseenmanygalaxies（星系）suchastheAndromeda

GalaxyandtheNGC3227Galaxy.Sofar,themostdistantgalaxyeverdiscovered,GN-zl!,was

spottedbytheHubbleSpaceTelescope.Totheuntrainedeye,itlookslikearedblob（小点点），but

it,sbasicallylikelookingbackintimeabout13.4billionyearsago.That,sjustabout0.4billion

yearsaftertheBigBang.

“Hubbleislimitedinhowfarbackintimeitcanlook,sofindingthisonewasjustalucky

break,,,saysMarusaBradac,anastronomerattheUniversityofCalifornia.ςςAstronomersonly

spotteditbecausedecadesofusingHubblehaveletthemcovermuchofthesky,andthis

particularearlygalaxyissurprisinglybrightalthoughitis25timessmallerthantheMilkyWay

Galaxyandhasjustonepercentofitsmass.”

Already,withthatonegalaxy,we,vestartedtoquestionsomeofourassumptionsabouthow

galaxiesgrow.Thepowerful,$10billionJamesWebbSpaceTelescopehastechnologythatshould

letitseebackto0.1~0.2billionyearsaftertheBigBang,theperiodwhentheveryfirstgalaxies

possiblyformed.

“Ifallgowell,theJamesWebbSpaceTelescopewillhelpustobuildupthestoryofhowthe

firstgalaxieseverformedandhowtheygrewintogalaxiesweseetodayandWeliveintoday,,,

saysBradac.ςςButthechancesofseeingthosefirstbomstarswiththenewtelescopearesmall.

There,smaybeevenmoreofachancethatwemightseesomeofthosestarsexplode.Such

informationcanhelpusunderstandhowgalaxiesformedandchangedintothefamiliarshapesand

structuresseentoday.That,swhat,samazingaboutthenewtelescope.^^

9.WhendidtheBigBangtakeplace?

A.Around13.0billionyearsago.

B.Around13.4billionyearsago.

C.Around13.6billionyearsago.

D.Around13.8billionyearsago.

10.Whatdoestheunderlinedwords“thisOne''inparagraph3referto?

A.TheMilkyWayGalaxy.B.TheGN-zl1Galaxy.

C.TheAndromedaGalaxy.D.TheNGC3227Galaxy.

11.Whatisthefourthparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Thegreatpotentialofthenewtelescope.

B.Theneedfornewscientificbreakthroughs.

C.ThecostoftheJamesWebbSpaceTelescope.

D.TheimportanceoftheHubbleSpaceTelescope.

12.WhatcanthenewtelescopemostlikelyhelpscientistsdoaccordingtoBradac?

A.Findthefirstbornstarintheuniverse.

B.WitnesstheoccuningoftheBigBang.

C.Seetheexplosionofsomeofthefirstbomstars.

D.Getacompleteunderstandingoftheuniverse.

【答案】9.D10.B11.A12.C

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了NASA正准备发射的韦伯天文望远镜。

9.细节理解题。根据第二段“Totheuntrainedeye,itlookslikearedblob（小点点），butit,s

basicallylikelookingbackintimeabout13.4billionyearsago.Thafsjustabout0.4billion

yearsaftertheBigBang.（对于未经训练的人来说，它看起来像一个红色的斑点，但基本上就

像是在134亿年前的时光中回顾。那是在大爆炸后大约4亿年）”可知，大爆炸发生的时间距

现在大约4+134=138亿年，即大爆炸大约发生在138亿年前。故选D项。

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