大兴区2023-2024学年度高二年级英语第一学期期中考试题

大兴区2023-2024学年度第一学期期中检测试卷

高二英语

2023.11

本试卷共13页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案写在答题卡上，

在试卷上作答无效。

第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）

第一节完形填空（共10小题；每小题L5分，共15分）

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，

并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

Intheheartofthecity,nestedbetweenthetoweringskyscrapers,stoodalittlelibrarythathad

withstoodthetestof_1_.Everybrickandbookinthatbuildingheldstoriesnotjustfromthe

pages,butofthecountlesssoulswhohadwalkedits_2—.

Anna,ayoungwriter,oftenvisitedthisoasis（绿洲I）ofknowledge.Shewasonthe_3—of

publishingherfirstbookbutwasfacingthecripplingself-doubtthatoftentroublescreators.One

evening,asshewanderedbetweentheshelves,shehappenedtoseeanold,dusty_4—.Itwasa

journalfromthe1800s,writtenbyathen-unknownwriternamedLillian.

AsAnnaskimmedthroughthepages,shewas_5_byLillian'sstruggleswhichmirrored

herown.Lillianwroteofherrejections,hermomentsofdespair,andthenightsshewantedtogive

up.Butshealsowroteofher_6—moments,wherethewordsflowedlikeariverandthestories

tookalifeoftheirown.

ThefinalentrywasdatedadaybeforeLillian'sfirstbookwaspublished.Itread,"Tothe

futuredreamerswhomayfindthis:Remember,every_7—hasitsdawn.Yourstrugglesare

merelythedarkbeforethemorninglight.Keepwriting,keepdreaming,andoneday,yourstories

willlightupsomeone9s_8_justasyouhavelitupmine.,,

AnnafeltaconnectiontoLillianacrossthecenturies.Withrenewed_9—,sheleftthe

library,readytofacethechallengesahead.Forinherheart,shecarriedLillian'sstory—abeacon

ofhopeandatestamenttothetimelessjourneyof_10_.

1.A.modernityB.timeC.innovationD.criticism

2.A.rowsB.roomsC.seatsD.gates

3.A.edgeB.topC.endD.middle

4.A.novelB.diaryC.manuscriptD.brochure

5.A.preventedB.amazedC.struckD.puzzled

6.A.disorderlyB.ordinaryC.brightD.final

7.A.storyB.nightC.pathD.task

8.A.dayB.worldC.despairD.book

9.A.energyB.purposeC.hesitationD.perspective

10.A.creationB.writingC.discoveryD.learning

第二节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，

在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空•请在答题卡指定区域作答。

A

Millionsofyearsago,theEarth_11—(inhabit)bywonderfulcreaturesthatnolongerwalk

ourlands.Onesuchcreature,thedodo,oncethrivedontheisolatedislandofMauritius.Itwasa

flightlessbird_12—auniqueappearance.Sadly,duetohumaninterferenceandintroduced

species,thesebirdsweredriventoextinctionwithinafewcenturiesoftheir_13—(discover).

B

MarieCurie,bominWarsaw,Poland,wasatrailblazingphysicistandchemistacknowledged

forher_14—(pioneer)researchonradioactivity.Notonlydidshebecomethefirstwoman

—15—(win)aNobelPrize,butshealsoremainstheonlypersonwhohaswonNobelPrizesin

bothPhysicsandChemistry.Herdedicationandperseveranceinamale-dominatedfield_16—

(inspire)countlessindividualsworldwide.

C

DuringtheRenaissance,aperiod_17_coversfromthe14thtothe17thcentury,Europe

experiencedarevivalofart,culture,andintellect.LeonardodaVinci,oftenrefenedtoasthe

archetypeofthe"RenaissanceMan”,wasnotonlyanartistbutalso_18_inventor,scientist,

andmathematician.Hispainting,theMonaLisa,isconsideredoneof_19_(famous)iconic

worksofart.Yet,manyofhis_20—,althoughrevolutionary,werenotbuiltduringhislifetime.

第二部分：阅读理解(共两节,38分)

第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并

在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A

HorizonInstitute:AnnualWinterWorkshop

Background

Establishedin2005,HorizonInstituteiscommittedtobridgingthegapbetweenacademic

theoryandreal-worldapplication.Withover20,000alumniworldwide,ourfocusisonproviding

hands-onexperiencesinawiderangeofdisciplines.

WorkshopDetails:

Dates:December5th-December20th

CoursesAvailable:AdvancedMathematics,ExperimentalPhysics,DigitalArtDesign,and

LeadershipDynamics.

Eligibility:Studentsaged12-18withakeeninterestinthechosensubject.

Fee:$350forasinglecourse.Enrollintwoormorecoursesfora15%discountonthetotal

fee.

FacilitiesandFeatures:

State-of-the-artlaboratoriesanddesignstudios.

Interactivesessionswithindustryexperts.

Dedicatedmentorshipbyexperiencedprofessionals.

Accesstoourextensivelibraryandonlineresources.

AdditionalBenefits:

Certificationuponcoursecompletion.

Opportunitiesforinternshipsinpartnerorganizations.

NetworkingeventswithHorizonalumniandindustryleaders.

ForMoreDetails:

VisitourcampusonNovember15thforanopenhousesession.

Contactusviaemail:contact@orcall:(456)789-0123.

21.WhatisHorizonInstitute'sprimarymission?

A.Hostingwinterworkshopseveryyear.

B.Organizingnetworkingeventsforstudents.

C.Linkingacademicteachingstopracticalexperiences.

D.Offeringonlinecoursesinvariousdisciplines.

22.Whatcanstudentsexpectwhentheyjoinintheworkshop?

A.Freemealsthroughoutthecourse.

B.Personalizedone-on-oneteachingsessions.

C.Interactionwithprofessionalsfromvariousindustries.

D.Achancetostudyabroadwithpartnerinstitutions.

23.Howcansomeonegatherin-depthinformationabouttheworkshop?

A.Bybrowsingtheinstitute'sonlinecatalog.

B.ByattendingtheopenhouseonNovember15th.

C.Bywaitingfortheannualnewsletter.

D.Byjoiningtheinstitute'ssocialmediapage.

B

InthesprawlingmetropolisofGrayville,whereskyscraperstouchedtheheavensandstreets

wereconstantlybuzzingwithlife,thereexistedauniqueplacecalled“TheComerofQuietude”.It

wasneitheraparknorabuilding.Infact,itwassimplyastreetcorner,markedbyasingle

lamppostwithapeculiarsign:t4Speaksoftly,fbrthisisaplaceofsolace”.

Legendhaditthatanyonespeakingbeneaththislamppost,regardlessofthesurrounding

noise,wouldfindtheirwordsdrownedout,replacedbyanmysteriouspeace.Overtheyears,

manyhadcometoexperienceitsmagic.Theyspokeofheartbreaks,dreams,regrets,andwishes,

seekingsolaceinitsembrace.

Ella,ajournalistnewtoGrayville,stumbleduponthiscornerduringanassignment.Doubtful,

shedecidedtotestthelegend.Whisperingherdeepestfearsaboutherfailingcareerandstruggles

inthebigcity,shewasshockedwhenallsheheardwasacalmingwhisper,almostasiftheworld

aroundherpaused.

Elladugintothehistoryof“TheComerofQuietude".Shediscoveredthatdecadesago,a

musiciannamedAlarichadlosthisvoiceandwouldvisitthecornereverynight,playinghissilent

tunesonaviolin,hopingtocommunicatethroughhismusic.Somebelievedthatthecomer

absorbedAlaric'syearningforexpressionandbecameaplacefbrallwhosoughttovoicetheir

innermostemotions.

24.Whatwasuniqueabout“TheComerofQuietude^^inGrayville?

A.Itwastheoldestparkinthisbusycity.

B.ItwaswhereAlaricplayedmusiceverynight.

C.Peoplefoundtheirwordsreplacedbyquietness.

D.Itwasasilentzonewherenosoundwasallowed.

25.WhydidEllacometothecornerinthefirstplace?

A.Tocheckthelegend.

B.Towhisperherfears.

C.Tomeetthemusician.

D.Tofinishherassignment.

26.HowdidEllareactuponexperiencingthecomer'smagic?

A.Shefeltitwasjustanothercitymystery.

B.Sheimmediatelybelievedinthelegend.

C.Shewroteanarticletoclarifythetruth.

D.Shewassurprisedandfeltasenseofcalm.

27.WhatissuggestedaboutthemusicianAlaric?

A.HewasthefounderofGrayvilleandthecorner.

B.Hereclaimedhisvoicebyplayingatthecorner.

C.Heplayedmusictodisruptthepeaceofthecorner.

D.Hissilenttunescontributedtothecomer?smysterioussense.

C

Chinesescientistsrecentlyachievedprecisetotalsynthesis（合成）ofsugarfromcarbon

dioxideinthelaboratory,markingacrucialstepinartificialsugarsynthesis.

Thesynthesis,whichtookmorethantwoyearstorealize,wasachievedbyteamsfromthe

ChineseAcademyofSciences,TianjinInstituteofIndustrialBiotechnologyandtheacademy's

DalianInstituteofChemicalPhysics.TheirresearchwaspublishedlastweekinapaperinChinese

ScienceBulletin,amultidisciplinaryacademicjournal.

Sugarisamajorsourceofenergyforthehumanbodyandakeyrawmaterialforindustrial

production,anditismainlyobtainedbyextractingitfromcropssuchassugarcane.However,the

traditionalmethodofextractionislimitedbytheenergyconversionefficiencyofplant

photosynthesis.Moreover,theprocessofextractingsugarhasbeenaffectedbyuncertainraw

materialsuppliesduetolanddegradationandshortages,ecosystemdegradationandextreme

weatherandnaturaldisasterscausedbyglobalwarming.

Asaresult,artificialsugarsynthesishasbeencontinuallystudiedbythescientificcommunity

inrecentyears,andscientistsaroundtheworldhavecontributedtotheeffort.Intheirlatest

research,theChinesescientistsadjustedhigh-concentrationcarbondioxideandotherraw

materialsinthereactionsolution.Withthehelpofchemicalcatalystsandenzyme（酶）catalysts,

theyobtainedfourkindsofsugars:glucose,allulose,tagatoseandmannose.

Theexperimentlastedabout17hours,muchshorterthanthetimerequiredfortraditional

methodsofsugarextraction,accordingtoYangJiangang,leadauthorofthepaperandassociate

researcherattheTianjininstitute.

Theefficiencyofsugarsynthesisinthisstudywas0.67gramsperliterperhour,whichwas

morethan10timeshigherthanthepreviousresultsachievedbyscientistsworldwide.Yangsaid

thatthecarbondioxidetosugarconversionrateofglucosereached59.8nanomolesofcarbonper

milligramofcatalystperminute.Thisisthehighestlevelofartificialsugarproductionknown

domesticallyandinternationally.

Thestudyalsoachievedprecisecontrolofartificialsugarsynthesis."Bycontrollingthe

variedcatalyticeffectsofdifferentenzymes,theoreticallyalmostanytypeofsugarcanbe

synthesized,Yangsaid.Regardingthestudy,ManfredReetz,amemberoftheGermanNational

AcademyofSciencesLeopoldina,saiditisaparticularlychallengingtasktoconvertcarbon

dioxideintosugars.

TheachievementbyChinesescientistshasprovidedaflexible,multifunctionalandefficient

sugarsynthesisroute,whichopensadoorforgreenchemistry,Reetzsaid.Greenchemistry,

similartosustainablechemistry,isarapidlydevelopingfieldthatfocusesonhowtofullyutilize

rawmaterialsandenergyintheprocessofproducingtheintendedproductwhileminimizingor

eliminatingtheuseandgenerationofharmfulsubstances.

Carbondioxidetosugarconversionisseenasanexampleofgreenchemistry,sinceitwas

conductedundernormaltemperatureandpressureconditionsanddidnotyieldanyharmful

substances.

28.Whydoscientistskeepstudyingartificialsugarsynthesis?

A.Becausesugarisanessentialenergysourceforindustrialproduction.

B.Becausethetraditionalextractionapproachisnotenvironmentallyfriendly.

C.Becauserawmaterialsupplyisunreliableintheprocessoftraditionalsugarextraction.

D.Becausethetraditionalextractionapproachislessproductivethanplantphotosynthesis.

29.HowistheChinesestudysignificant?

A.Itsynthesizedalmostalltypesofsugarinthelaboratory.

B.Itcontrolledvariedcatalyticeffectsofdifferentenzymes.

C.Itconvertedhigh-concentrationcarbondioxideintosugar.

D.Itlasted17hours,shorterthanprevioustraditionalmethods.

30.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?

A.Greenchemistryhelpeduseupallrawmaterialstogeneratemoreproducts.

B.Carbondioxidetosugarconversionwillbeusedinindustrialproductionsoon.

C.GreenchemistryisanewfieldwhereChinesescientistswillputmoreeffortson.

D.Carbondioxidetosugarconversionwilltakeupallsugarproductionduetoitsefficiency.

Makingelectricityoutoffossilfuelsreleaseslotsofgreenhousegases,whichaccumulatein

theatmosphereandheatuptheplanet.Nuclearpower,ontheotherhand,hasthepotentialtobean

almostunlimitedandmoreclimate-friendlyenergysource.Thatisbecauseincontrasttofossil

fuels,nogreenhousegasesarereleaseddirectlyduringtheimmediateuseofthefuel.

However,therearealsoseveralmajorproblems.First,theminingofnuclearfueliscostly

andenergyintensiveandcausesmanyenvironmentalproblems.Second,nuclearenergy

productiongeneratessignificantamountsofradioactivewaste,whichisextremelydangerousif

nothandledsafely.Finally,theentireprocessrequiresverycomplexandenergyintensive

infrastructure（基建）,whichcontributestoindirectgreenhousegasemissions.

Weusecomputerandmathematicalmodelstounderstandifitmightbepossibletoredesign

nuclearpowerstationsinawaythattheyrunonnuclearwaste.Thiswouldreducethenegative

impactsofcurrentandfuturenuclearpowergenerationimmensely.

Ourmodelshowthatitisfeasible（可行的）toredesignnuclearpowerstationsinawaythey

canrunonspentnuclearfuel（SNF）.Plus,theSNFdoesnothavetobefurthermodifiedbeforeit

isused.Evenbetter,ouradvancednuclearpowerstationsdonotproduceanyadditionalwaste.

Whiletheseinnovativepowerstationsdonotyetexist,ourresearchindicatesthattheyareareal

possibilityforthefuture.

Inourresearch,so-calledmoltensaltreactorsseemapromisingcandidateforthenewtypeof

nuclearpowerstationastheycouldberedesignedtorunonSNF.Moltensaltreactorsoperateon

fuelmeltinliquidsalt.Overalifetimeof60years,oneofthesereactorswould“eatup“roughly

70tonsofSNF.Thisamountaccumulatesin3to4yearsofoperationinatraditionalnuclear

powerstationofcomparablesize.Oursuggestedredesignwouldmakenuclearenergygeneration

muchmoreefficientandsustainable,asitcould"squeezeout”upto20timesmoreenergyfrom

alreadyspentnuclearfuel.ItwouldalsoeliminateanySNFasasourceofhighlyproblematic

waste.

Creatingnuclearpowerstationsthatcanrunonexistingnuclearwasteisaworthyendeavor,

andourfeasibilityanalysisshowsthatitcanlikelybedone.However,weneedalotofinnovative

andmultidisciplinaryresearchtoputthisvisionintoreality."Eatingup”radioactivewasteasfuel

wouldeliminatethelong-termstorageproblemofcurrentnuclearwaste.Also,itwouldrelieveus

fromthecostsandenvironmentaldamagesdonebyminingcurrentnuclearfuelandthe

complicatedprocessesrequiredforlongtermoperation.Thenewoperationalmodelwouldonly

consistofmeltingtheSNF,operatingthereactor,andcleaningthefuelsalt.Allinall,itwould

reducemanyenvironmental,socialandpoliticalissuesofcurrentnuclearpowerproduction.Using

ourcurrentnuclearwasteasfuelwouldallowustotakefulladvantageoftheclimate-friendly

aspectofnuclearpowergeneration.

Eveninscienceandtechnology,it'simportanttorealizewhenwehavetorethinkourcurrent

approachesandwhatouroptionsareforimprovement.Currentnuclearpowerstationshavebeen

createdwithpasttechnologiesandgoalsinmind.Nowadays,somepeopleclaim,theymight

createoftenmoreproblemsthantheysolve.Weneedinnovativealternativestoprovide

sustainable,safeandcleanenergyforgenerationstocome.

31.Whentalkingaboutthemajorproblemsofnuclearpowerproduction,theauthortriestosay

A.nuclearenergyisnotenvironmental-friendly

B.nuclearpowerplantsdeservetoberemodeled

C.nuclearenergyisdangerousanddifficulttohandle

D.nuclearpowerplantsarecomplexandhardtobuild

32.Whatdoestheword"endvavoc“underlinedinParagraph6mostprobablymean?

A.attemptB.businessC.candidateD.design

33.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

A.Theproposedreactorisfeasibleandlikelytobeputintouse.

B.Theproposedreactoriseconomicalandoperationallyeffective.

C.Theproposedreactorcansolvethemajorproblemspreviouslymentionedinthepassage.

D.TheproposedreactorcanuseupSNFfrommanytraditionalreactorsofcomparablesize.

34.Whichwouldbethebesttitleofthepassage?

A.Nuclearwaste=fuelofthefuture?

B.Nuclearproblems=effortstosolvethem

C.Nuclearpower=cleanenergyforthefuture!

D.Nuclearplants=innovationandmultidisciplinaryresearch

第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）

根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项

中有两项为多余选项。

Haveyoubecomereallyinterestedinself-improvementlately?Thispursuitofmoreand

betterthings,whethertheybebetterhealth,clothes,ormoneyhasbeennormalized,butsometimes

tothedetrimentofpeople'swellbeing.Thisself-improvementmindsetcanmakeyoufeel

disempowered,likeyoushouldbesomeoneelse.Herearefivetime-wastingself-improvement

habitsthatareharmfultoyou.

•Extremelyhighandunrealisticexpectations

Havinggoalscanbeveryhelpfulsinceitcanhelpgiveyousomethingtoworktowardsand

placeyourenergyinto._35_Thisisaharmfulhabitbecauseyou'renotfocusedonyourselfand

yourenjoymentoflife,butonachievingotherpeople'sideals.Remember,youdon'thavetobe

perfect,youjustneedtobeyourself.

•Thequickculturementality

Theideaabouthowyoumustnevergiveuporthatyoumustconstantlyhustle,evenatthe

expenseofyourhealthcanbeverydamagingtoyourwellbeing.Sometimes,thingsjustdon't

workoutandyouneedtogiveup,butthafsnotabadthing.—36—Asmuchastherearepeople

whohavesupportthemselvesandothersbyworkinglonghours,constantlyhustlingwithout

takinganybreaksforyourselftogetyourbearingsmayonlyleadtoburnout.

•Puttingaesthetics（审美）overhealth

Socialmediacanbeatooltohelpyouchangeyourlifeforthebetter,itcanalsomisleadhow

youseeyourselfandothers._37_Womenareimploredtogetdangerous,unnecessarycosmetic

surgeryandmenaretoldtobejackedandinthegymbyanymeansforthosegains,butourbodies

arenottrendsthatweshouldbeashamedof.

•Informationwithoutapplication

Likemanyothers,youmaydecidetoapplytheself-improvementinformationonceyou

finishedreadingallofit,buttherearesomanybooksaboutitandnewoneskeepscomingout.

_38_Aspowerfulasknowledgeis,appliedknowledgeisthebestkind.Don'tbeafraidtoapply

whatyou'velearntintotheworld.

•Visualizationswithoutaction

Perhapsyouseeyourselfasapainter,oryouwishyou'dhaveabighouse.Visualizingthe

lifeyouwantandputtingitouttherecanbeagreatwaytogetyourselfmotivated.However,this

canbecomeanissuewhenyouonlyputitoutthereanddreamaboutitwithnothinginbetweento

bridgethegap.—39—Rememberthatyouhavetoactuallydoittogetthere.

A.Itcanbeheartbreakingandtough,butitmaybenecessary.

B.Itwillbetoobadifyoufailtokeepyourmomentumandworkon.

C.Youneedtocreategreatexpectationsinordertodriveyourselfforward.

D.Ifitlacksthestructureandaction,allyoudreamtaboutisonlyadream.

E.However,youmightcreatewildexpectationswhicharetoomuchforyourself.

F.Insteadofpromotinghealthylifestyles,itadvertisescertainbodytypesasdesirable.

G.Allofthesehow-to'scanbehelpful,buttheyareuselessifyoudon'tactuallyusethem.

第三部分：书面表达（共两节,32分）

第一节阅读表达（共4小题，共12分；第40、41小题,每小题2分；第42题,3

分;第43题,5分）

阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英语回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。

Japanstartedreleasingnuclear-contaminatedwaterintothePacificOceanonAugust24th

andwillcontinuetodosoforatleast30years.Inthefaceofstrongquestioningandopposition

fromtheinternationalcommunity,Japanplayswordgamesbyr