Unit1Wele课件牛津译林版英语八年级下册2

Unit1PastandpresentLearningaims:Afterthisperiod,youwillbeableto:knowaboutdifferentformsoftransport;talkabouttransportatdifferenttimes;learnsomebasiclanguageaboutpresentperfecttense(现在完成时).Howdoyougotoschooleveryday?Howdoyourparentsgotowork?Howwillyougoif…?yougotoXinjiekouforshoppingyougotovisitShanghaiDisneylandyourfamilygotoJapanfortheholidayYoutakedifferentformsoftransportwhenyougotodifferentplaces.DifferentformsoftransportItisacarwithadriver,andyouhavetopaythedrivertotakeyousomewhere.taxigoto…bytaxigoto…inataxitakethetaxito…DifferentformsoftransportIttravelsalongafixedroute(路线)andhasmanystopstoletpeoplegetonandoff.Itcantakeyoutomanyplacesbutdoesnotcostyoumuch.busgoto…bybusgoto…onabustakethebusto…Differentformsoftransportcoachgoto…bycoachgoto…onacoachtakethecoachto…(coaches)DifferentformsoftransportItrunsabovethegroundontrailsoveralongway.traingoto…bytraingoto…onatraintakethetrainto…DifferentformsoftransportThousandsofpeoplegotoworkoniteveryday.Itisfastandcheap.Itrunsundertheground.underground(subway/metro)goto…byundergroundtaketheundergroundto…DifferentformsoftransportItisthefastestwayoftravellingtoaplacefaraway,butitwillcostyoualotofmoney.plane/airplanegoto…byplanegoto…byairtaketheplaneto…flyto…buscoachplanetaxitrainundergroundcoachbustaxiundergroundtrainplaneDifferentformsoftransportOtherformsoftransportpublicbicyclesharedbicycleonlinecar-hailing(网约车)TransportatdifferenttimesTransportisdifferentatdifferenttimes.Transporthaschangedalotovertime.inthepastatpresentTrainsusedtobeslowinthepast.Trainsarefastatpresent.pastn.过去presentn.现在

inthepast在过去，常用于一般过去时和现在完成时

atpresent在现在，常用于一般现在时和现在进行时

这儿过去有一家电影院。Thereusedtobeacinemahereinthepast.

我现在正忙着，晚些时候我打电话给你行吗?Iambusyatpresent.CanIphoneyoulater?Inthepast,animalslivedapeacefullife.WhenIwalkedpasttheroom,hewassinging.Hewalkedpastwithoutstopping.Thevillagehaschangedalotoverthepastyears.(n.过去)(prep.从…旁经过)(adv.经过)Thereisnocertaincureforthisillnessatpresent.Heboughtmeanicescarfasabirthdaypresent.Iampleasedwithmypresentjob.Anumberofpopstarswerepresentatthecharityshow.(adj.过去的)(n.现在)(n.礼物)(adj.现在的)(adj.出席的)Yesterdaywashistory,tomorrowisamystery,todayisagift,thatiswhyit'scalledthepresent.TransportatdifferenttimesinthepastNanjingundergroundusedtohaveonlyonelinein2005.Nanjingundergroundhastwelvelinesatpresent.atpresentDadMillieGotoschoolBy____.By____.WhyorWhynottakeabus?Therewere__________peopleandittooka__________towait.It’s_____and_____.bikebustoomanylongtimeeasyfastMillieandherdadaretalkingabouttransportatdifferenttimes.ListenandanswerHowdoyoufeelafteryou’velearntthisconversation?Thesocietyisdevelopingandtransporthaschangedalot.Iusedtorideabiketoschool.Howdidyougotoschoolwhenyou/Mum/

Dadwereaprimarystudent?Theyusedtogo….Whydidn’tyou…?Because….Howdoyougo…now?Igoto….It’s…Theworldchangeseveryday.Transporthaschanged.Somepeoplehavechangedovertimetoo.HaveEddieandHobochanged?HaveEddieandHobochanged?HaveEddieandHobochanged?Yes.Bothofthemhavechanged.InthepastAtpresentEddieHoboHeusedtosharefoodwithHobo.HehaseatenHobo’sfood.HeusedtobekindtoEddie.HeissoangrywithEddie.IfyouwereEddie,wouldyoueatupHobo’sfoodwithouttellinghim?IfyouwereHobo,wouldyoubeangrywithyourfriendinthissituation(情况)?Oh,whereismyfood?Itwasinthebowlanhourago.Eddie,haveyouseenmyfood?Yes,I’vejusteatenit.What?You’veeatenmyfood?Why?BecauseIwasveryhungry.You’vechanged,Eddie.Youusedtosharefoodwithme!You’vechangedtoo.Youusedtobesokindtome.ReadthedialoguealoudFillintheblanks:Hobo’sfood_______inthe________anhourago.Butitisn’ttherenow.Eddie______just_______itbecausehewas_________.HoboisangrywithEddie.HethinksEddie_________________.Eddie___________________hisfoodwithHobo.EddiethinksHobo_______________toobecauseHobo_____________________kindtohim.Bothofthem_______________!wasbowlhaseatenhungryhaschangedusedtosharehaschangedusedtobehavechangedOh,whereismyfood?Itwasinthebowlanhourago.Eddie,haveyouseenmyfood?Yes,I’vejusteatenit.What?You’veeatenmyfood?Why?BecauseIwasveryhungry.You’vechanged,Eddie.Youusedtosharefoodwithme!You’vechangedtoo.Youusedtobesokindtome.LanguagepointsHaveyouseenmyfood?I’ve(Ihave)justeatenit.You’ve(Youhave)changed.see-saw-seeneat-ate-eatenchange-changed-changedPresentperfecttense现在完成时have/has+V.ppI’vejusteatenit.我刚吃了它。*justadv.刚刚（指话音刚落，与现在有关的模糊过去时间，是现在完成时态的标志词之一）justnow刚才（与现在无关的明确过去时间，只能用于过去的时态里，相当于amomentago）—你想要些吃的吗？—不，谢谢。我刚吃了午餐。—Wouldyoulikesomethingtoeat?—No,thanks.Ihavejusteatenmylunch.

他刚才吃了一点面包当午餐。Hehad/atesomebreadforhislunchjustnow.

好可惜！火车刚离开。Whatapity!Thetrainhasjustleft.

注意：just用于现在完成时常置于助动词have/has和动词的过去分词之间。*haveeaten是现在完成时态(have是助动词，eaten是动词eat的过去分词)

现在完成时：have/has+V.pp

现在完成时态可以表示过去发生的或已完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果；也可以表示过去发生的动作一直持续到现在并有可能继续发展。西蒙今天早晨擦了黑板。Simoncleanedtheblackboardthismorning.（Wedon’tknowiftheblackboardiscleannow.）西蒙把黑板擦了。Simonhascleanedtheblackboard.（Theblackboardiscleannow.）李先生1990年住在上海。MrLilivedinShanghaiin1990.（Wedon’tknowwhereMrLilivesnow.）李先生自1990年就住在上海。MrLihaslivedinShanghaisince1990.（WeknowthatMrListilllivesinShanghainow.）haschangedhavetakenplaceHaveseenhaveI_________already_________(read)thebook._______

they_________(find)thelostchildyet?I____________(meet)hismansomewherebefore.I_______never________(hear)hersayanythingagainsthim.I__________(use)thispenonlythreetimes.Itisstillgood.havereadHavefoundhavemethaveheardhaveusedYouusedtobekindtome.你过去对我很好。Youusedtosharefoodwithme.你过去常和我分享食物。usedto是一个固定结构，它的意思是“过去经常、以前常常”，它的后面用动词原形，它表示过去存在某种状态或者过去的某种经常性、习惯性的行为或者动作，并意味着这种动作目前已经不存在，所以它只能用一般过去时，不能用现在时态。*肯定形式：主语＋usedto＋动词原形

我爷爷以前是一位历史老师。Mygrandfatherusedtobeahistoryteacher.

我过去骑车上学，现在坐公交车上学。IusedtogotoschoolbybikebutnowIgotoschoolbybus.*否定形式：主语＋usednotto＋动词原形/主语＋didn’tuseto＋动词原形我过去不喜欢流行歌曲。Iusednottolikepopsongs.Ididn’tusetolikepopsongs.*一般疑问句形式：Used＋主语＋to＋动词原形＋其他？/Did＋主语＋useto＋动词原形＋其他？你的妹妹过去常常是很安静吗？

Usedyoursistertobequiet?Didyoursisterusetobequiet?*usedto可以用在therebe结构中表示“过去经常有”的意思，相当于Thereoncewas/were…过去这条小河有许多鱼。Thereusedtobealotoffishinthisriver.拓展：beusedtodosth.与be/getusedto(doing)sth.*beusedtodosth.意为“被用来做某事”，是动词短语use...todo的被动语态结构，to是不定式的符号，后接动词原形，used是动词的过去分词。beusedtodosth.可以用各种时态。小刀是用来切东西的。Knivesareusedtocutthings.*be/getusedtodoingsth.意为“习惯于做某事”，to是介词，后面接名词或动名词，它可以用现在、过去和将来等时态。

我爸爸习惯于住在小山村。Myfatherisusedtolivinginthevillage.

我不习惯喝咖啡。Iamnotusedtodrinkingcoffee.

我过去起床很晚，但现在习惯早起了。IusedtogetuplatebutnowIamusedtogettingupearly.Thereweretoomanypeopleonthebus,andittookalongtimetowaitforthenextone.

车上有太多人，而且等下一班车要花很长时间。

toomany意为“太多”，后接可数名词复数。toomuch也可表示太多，但修饰不可数名词。

书店里的书太多。我不知道该买哪一本。Therearetoomanybooksintheshop.Idon’tknowwhichonetobuy.ExercisesI’mafraidIhavenotimetohelpyouatp_______.Inoldt________,thereweren’tanytallbuildingsinourtown.Mymotherrodetoworkinthe__________(timethathasgoneby),butnowshedrivestowork.Milliewantstocollectsomeinformationaboutdifferentformsof__________(交通工具)inBeijing.—WhereismyT-shirt,Mum?—It______(be)onyourbedtenminutesago.—TherearegreatchangesinNanjing.—Yes,it_____________(change)alotovertheyears.—Areyouhungry,Jack?—No,I_______just_________(eat)inarestaurant.—__________you_________(see)myumbrella?—Yes,I__________(put)itonthechairjustnow.一、词汇训练resentimespasttransportwashaschangedhaveeatenHaveseenput三、单项选择1.—________mydictionary?—Yes.Isawitonyourdeskamomentago. A.Haveyouseen B.Doyousee

C.Willyousee D.Wouldyousee2.Thetimetableofourschool_____.Wenowbeginourfirstclassat7:55a.m. A.change

B.haschanged C.willchange D.changing3.Thefactory_________itswasteintotheQinghuaiRiver.Butnowthe

governmenthastakenactiontostopit. A.usetoput B.wasusedtoput

C.usedtoput

D.wasusedtoputting4.Mybrotherhasbeen