Unit1Unit2不定式作主语表语课件高中英语人教版选择性

To-infinitivesassubjectsandpredicatives动词不定式作主语和表语ObjectsofthisperiodInthisperiod,youwill:discoverandsummarizethepragmaticfeaturesandfunctionalmeaningofinfinitivesasthepredicative&subject;realizelanguageoutputbycorrectlyusingthegrammaticalstructureofinfinitives.动词不定式的概念动词不定式的形式变化动词不定式作主语动词不定式作表语目录1234动词不定式?1.动词不定式是动词的一种非谓语形式，不能在句中单独作谓语。2.动词不定式具有动词的性质，可以有自己的宾语和状语，构成动词不定式短语。3.动词不定式也具有非动词的性质，相当于一个n./adj./adv.可以在句中担任主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语和状语。4.动词不定式有形式的变化，即一般式、进行式、完成式和被动式。1.不定式的一般式(to+动词原形)——动作通常与谓语表示的动作同时或几乎同时发生，或是在它之后发生。动词不定式的形式变化Heappearstobeveryhappy.Tocatchthetrain,we’dbetterhurrytothestationbytaxi.(同时发生)(tocatchthetrain发生在hurrytothestation之后)2.不定式的进行式（tobe+doing)表示正在进行或与谓语表示的动作同时发生的动作。

IthappenedtoberainingwhenIgotthere.我到达那里的时候，碰巧在下雨。3.不定式的完成式(tohave+done)不定式的完成式表示的动作在谓语表示的动作之前发生。

I’msorrytohavelostyourkey.我很抱歉把你的钥匙弄丢了。4.不定式的完成进行式（tohavebeen+doing)不定式的完成进行式表示的动作在谓语表示的动作之前发生并且一直持续，并且仍在进行。

HewassaidtohavebeenlivinginLondonfortwentyyears.据说他在伦敦一直住了20年。5.不定式的被动语态当不定式逻辑上的主语是这个不定式表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般要用被动形式。不定式的被动形式根据其与谓语动作发生的先后关系，有一般式和完成式两种。(1)一般式(tobedone)Thesearethebookstobegivenouttothestudents.这些是要发给学生的书。(2)完成式(tohavebeendone)Thenovelissaidtohavebeentranslatedintomanylanguages.据说这部小说已被译成多种语言类别主动语态被动语态一般式完成式进行式完成进行式todotobedonetohavedonetohave

beendonetobedoingtohavebeen

doing--------观察下列句子，注意黑体部分在句中所作的句子成分。1.However,duringthisperiod,itcanbeeasyforsomeofthemto

form

bad

habits.2.To

prevent

harmful

habitslikethesefromdominatingateenager’slifeisessential.3.To

change

bad

habitsisnevereasy,evenwithmanyattempts.4.When

to

hold

the

sports

meetinghasnotbeendecided.动词不定式作主语【语法感悟】①在句1中，it是

，代替后面的动词不定式短语。

②在句2、3中，Toprevent...和Tochange...都是动词不定式短语作

。

③在句4中，Whentohold...是“疑问词+todo”结构，该部分在句中作

。

形式主语

主语

主语

动词不定式具有名词特征，可以在句子中充当主语。（做主语时谓语动词用单数形式）Tosee_______tobelieve.眼见为实。Tosay_____onethingandtodoisanother.

注：单个不定式作主语时，谓语用单数形式；两个及以上不定式作主语时，谓语用复数形式；但作为一个整体时，谓语用单数形式。Wheretogoonaholidayandwhentogofortheholiday________

notbeendecided.Whereandwhentogoonaholiday________

notbeendecided.isishavehas动词不定式句子的主语时可以用形式主语it代替，将不定式置于句末，平衡句子结构。Itis

a

shame

to

litter.乱扔垃圾可耻Itisaprivilegetomeetyou.认识你很荣幸it作为形式主语时，常见句型。It+be+adj+(forsb)todosth(adj修饰物）It+be+adj+(ofsb)todosth(adj修饰人）It+be+n.+todosthIttakes/took/willtakesbsometime/moneytodosth1.我们为后代保护地球是有必要。

__________________________________________________________

2.你帮助我学英语真是太好了。

__________________________________________________________3.乘坐宇宙飞船飞往月球一定有趣。

__________________________________________________________4.中国人花了很长时间探索太空。

__________________________________________________________5.我们完成这项工作需要一周多的时间。

__________________________________________________________TranslationItisnecessaryforustoprotecttheearthforthefuturegenerations.ItisverykindofyoutohelpwithmyEnglish.Itmustbegreatfuntoflytothemooninaspaceship.IttooktheChinesealongtimetoexplorethespace.Itwilltakeusmorethanoneweektofinishthejob.动词不定式句子的主语时,若其后面需要用动词作表语时，则作表语的动词也最好使用不定式形式，保持形式一致（todoistodo)Tosavemeistosaveyourself.救我也是救你自己。眼见为实。___________________________________动词不定式作句子的主语时,会有时态、语态的变化。Itis

a

great

honor

formetobeinvitedheretoday.TopreparethislessontakesalotoftimebutIfinditworthwhile.Tolivewithatigerinaboatisdangerous.Itisgoodtohelpothers.Toseeistobelieve.Ⅰ.单句填空1.Ittakesaboutfifteenminutes

(go)frommyhometotheschoolbybike.

2.Itisverykindofyou

(help)mewithmyspokenEnglish.

3.Asstudents,itisnecessaryforus

(learn)asecondlanguage.

4.Toformagoodhabitisdifficultwhile

(fall)intoabadhabitiseasy.

5.Whenyouareintrouble,itishelpful

(turn)toyourteacher.

togotohelptolearntofalltoturnⅡ.同义句转换1.Theboyistooyoungtoknowwhatheshoulddowhenintrouble.→Theboyistooyoungtoknow

whenintrouble.2.Foryou,tolockthecarwhenyoudonotuseitisnecessary.→It’snecessary

thecarwhenyoudonotuseit.

3.Itwasunforgivabletohavemadethesamemistaketwice.→

thesamemistaketwicewasunforgivable.4.Inatrial,ajudgemustdecidewhicheyewitnesseshecanbelieve.→Inatrial,ajudgemustdecide

.5.Tomakeupforthelosttimeseemsimpossible.→

tomakeupforthelosttime.

whattodoforyoutolockTohavemadewhicheyewitnessestobelieveItseemsimpossibletowalktobreakintofinishTochangetellinghim观察下列句子，注意黑体部分在句中所作的句子成分。1.Thepurposeoftheexchangeprogramisto

promotetheunderstandingbetweenthetwocountries.2.DuringtheMiddleAges,thepurposeofWesternartwasto

teachpeopleaboutChristianity.3.Thesportsmeetingwhichisto

take

placethisFridayhasbeenputoffbecauseoftheheavyrainthesedays.动词不定式作表语4.Perhapsthebestwayto

understandWesternartisto

look

atthedevelopmentofWesternpaintingoverthecenturies.【语法感悟】①在句1，2，3中，动词不定式作

。

②在句4中，tounderstand...作

，tolookat...作

。

表语

定语

表语

1.动词不定式做表语直接用在系动词之后，起解释说明的作用，其主语通常是

suggestion,advice,proposal,aim,goal,purpose,plan,ambition,idea,intention,way,dream,duty,task,wish,hope等表示意向、打算、计划的词。

Her

wish

is

to

be

a

teacher.Thedutyofsoldiersistodefendtheircountry.2.动词不定式做表语直接用在seem,appear,remain,prove,turnout等之后，如：Severalproblemsremaintobesettled.3.以What引导的主语从句，常用不定式作表语，说明主语的内容。WhatIsuggestistoaskyourfriendsandteachersforhelp.Whathewantsistosolvetheproblem.Whatmatters/countsmostistoconcentrateonyourfavouritethings.4.用于表达想法，约定，义务，命令，可能性，命运等。如：6.当All或what引导的主语从句中有实义动词do（以及do的其他形式时，作表语的不定式通常要省略to,即“前有do,后无to”Thequestionishowtocarryouttheplan.5.“疑问词+不定式”也可以用作表语Allyou

should

do

nowisdevoteyourselftostudyinghard.你现在应该做的事就是投入到刻苦的学习当中。注意：动词不定式作表语时，在结构上是主动的，但在意义上却是被动的。She

is

to

blame.她应该收到责备。Thehouseistorent.此房出租。tofinishtohavegonetomaketomaketoputⅡ.同义句转换1.Thenextstepisthatyoushouldmakesurethatyouknowexactlywhatisrequired.→Thenextstepis

thatyouknowexactlywhatisrequired.

2.Todevelopafinepersonalityinchildrenisthepurposeofeducation.→Thepurposeofeducationis

afinepersonalityinchildren.

3.Youshouldberewardedwhenyoumakeacontributiontoourcountry.→Youare

whenyoumakeacontributiontoourcountry.

4.Youmustbepatientandpersistentifyouwanttosucceed.→Youmustbepatientandpersistentifyouare

.

tomakesuretodeveloptoberewardedtosucceedExercises1.Hisdreamis______________________________.他的梦想时有一天成为一名伟大的足球运动员3.Her

work

is_________(work)inthenursinghomeeveryday.4.Itisnecessaryforeveryone____________________________.每个人都有必要为未来的生活做计划。5.Itisimportantforeveryone________________________________.学习并掌握一些实用的技能对每个人而言都是很重要的。tomakeplansforthefuturetoworktobeagreatfootballplayertomastersomepracticalskillsWorkinpairs.Makeconversationsusingthefollowingquestionsandsentencepatterns.Mybiggestdream/ambitioninlifeisto

.

IthinkallIhavetodois

.Myplanisto

.Ithinkoneofthehardestthingsmightbe

.Iguessthebestwayto

.IHaveADreamHello,everyone!TodayI’mheretosharewithyoumydream.Mybiggestdreaminlifeisto

.PeoplemightwonderwhyIhadsuchaspecial