2024年高考英语一轮复习虚拟语气三大类13条用法解析版

虚按语气三大类13条用法（清单）解析版

目录

虚拟语气用法思维导图PI

考点清单一、if虚拟条件句六大典型用法P2

考点清单二、从句谓语用“（should）+动词原形”三大典型场合P4

考点清单三、特殊句型中虚拟语气四大用法P5

分类训练（一）单句填空（高考真题）....................——.P6

分类训练（二）单句填空（模拟试题）P6

分类训练（三）单句改错（模拟试题）P8

分类训练（四）单项选择40题（模拟试题）P8

分类训练（五）写作升级（书面表达）P11

分类训练（六）语法填空（外刊原创）P12

第12次北极科学考察扬帆起航P12

砂——:峥诺

切实施句

——Kf,]Ewere.had.shoul<H|--IfIwereatschoolagain.lwouldstudyharder-WereIatschoolagain.)wouldstudyharder

雌W变为雷则朮

在虚肛语气中并不总是岀駅佇I号的条

件从句，而H过具他手段枭代*MWithoutyourhelp.wecouldn'thavefin1shedtheworkaheadoftime.=Butforyour

从句.常见形式：without/thanksto/help._=lfithadnotbeenforyourhelp...=Haditnotbeenforyourhelp,-

butfor/or/otherwise

did(were)(与现在•实相反)

haddone(钿*WSS®

would/shoulddo(与将来例相反)

用于1际■仪.命令、要求号动词启的我谙从句中.常见的动词有thattheboy<should)gowiththem

e.requestdemand,advise.4ug9est.propose.

-shooid+Biiaeffi-.•呻,義时winsist为不用盧JQ.

名词性从句一toldmeaboutit

Itisdesired/suggested/proposed/recommended/necessary/important/

-主语从句---strange/naturWapity/essential-that从句.从句的请遶动词用"should*a-------itissuggestedthatthem««ting(shtxild)beputofftillnextweek.

词原形•.should可以*K.

在suggestioaproposMordergnJdea1requesaadvice

一衰退从句KJ同位退从句——等名词后的衰退从句m位送从句中要用虚拘過丹其构成一Myideaisthatwe(shouW)thinkitoverbeforeacceptingit

S-should*aSJ»B-.shouldBTUfkK.

itis（bigh）ame（2）.一句量啊定密从句的ara动词用Tfi

定语从句CIS时或用•should.动词原豚（M中should不能售-It»(h>gh)timethatweshouldsttnout.

K）.tt；句5«为,博田该……：用来衰示UWBL

Sincase,forfearthat,inonfefthatsotha博引

目的状语从句导的目的欢送从句中动国用-could/should/migTheyleftearlyforfearthattheywouldmeethim.

ht/wouW+SKSWT

did(were)(与现在MBS)

asif/asthough/evenif/eventhough+方式状语从句/表语从句—haddon*(与过去皿aa

would/shoulddo(与将来事实相反)

豎北上彗豎¥三七翼L*豎—Komy.wereatMd

ifonly

had+expected/hoped/supposedetc.-----8^188.iftffl.RJ8S6未买赖过SKSlft-----IhadexpectedIwouldpassthedrivingtest

------Mayourlongstandingfriendshiplastforeveri

考点清单一、if虚拟条件句六大典型用法

场合从句谓语动词形式主句谓语形式

与现在事实相反动词过去式（be用were）would/could/should/might+动词原形

与过去事实相反had+动词过去分词would/could/should/mighthavedone

1.动词过去式（be用were）

与将来事实相反2.wereto+动词原形would/could/should/might+动词原形

3.should+动词原形

要点精讲1:与现在事实相反，从句用一般过去时（be动词用were）,主句用would/could+doo

例1：IfIhadtime,Iwouldgoforawalk.（事实上我现在没有时间，不能去散步.）

例2：IfIwereinvited,Iwouldgotothedinner.（事实上没有人邀请我，我也不能去参加宴会.）

例3：IfIhadamilliondollars,Iwouldputitinthebank.（事实上我没有一百万美圆，也不可能存在银行）

【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。

1.Sorry,I'mtoobusynow.IfI（have）time,Iwouldcertainlygoforanoutingwithyou.

2.Wereitnotforthesnowyweather,we（be）allright.

【答案与解析】

1.hado语境暗示从句与现在事实相反，应用一般过去时。故答案是had。

2.wouldbeo语境暗示主句与现在事实相反，应用woulddo。故答案是wouldbe。

要点精讲2:与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时，主句用would/could/mighthavedone。

例1：IfIhadtakenyouradvice,Iwouldn,thavemadeamistake.

例2：Ifhehadbeenthere,itwouldn'thavehappened.

例3：Ifshehadseenyouyesterday,shewouldhaveaskedyouaboutit.

要是她昨天看到你，她就要向你问起这件事。

但U4：Ifyouhadtakenmyadvice,youwouldn,thavefailedintheexam.

如果你按照我的建议去做，你一定不会（不可能）考试不及格。

【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。

3.Ifthecaptainhadbeenmorecareful,hisship（sink）.

4.IftheWatergateIncident（occur）Nixonwouldnothaveresignedfromthepresidency.

【答案与解析】

3.wouldii91havesunko结合语境主从句与过去事实相反，主句应用wouldhavedone,且是否定形式。故

答案是wouldn'thavesunko

4.hadn'toccurredo结合语境主从句均与过去事实相反，从句应用haddone,且是否定含义。故答案是

hadn'toccurredo

要点精讲3:与将来事实相反,从句谓语三选一,：①一^般过去时②weretodo③shoulddo,主句用woulddoo

例1：Ifitrained/weretorain/shouldraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoclimbing.

例2：IfitwereSundaytomorrow,Ishould/wouldgotoseemygrandmother.

如果明天是星期天，我就（可能）去看望我奶奶。

例3：Ifitweretosnowthisevening,theywouldnotgoout.

如果今晚下雪，他们将不出去了。

例4：Ifyousucceeded,everythingwouldbeallright.

例5：Ifyouweretosucceed,everythingwouldbeallright.

【即时训练】在空白处填1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

5.Thisprinterisofgoodquality.Ifitbreakdownwithinthefirstyear,wewouldrepairitatourexpense.

6.Gracedoesn'twanttomovetoNewYorkbecauseshethinksifshe（live）there,shewouldn'tbe

abletoseeherparentsveryoften.

【答案与解析】

3.shouldo结合语境从句与将来事实相反，应用"should+动词原形”。故答案是should。

4.lived/shouldlive/weretoliveo结合语境从句与将来事实相反，从句谓语三选一：①一般过去时②wereto

do③shoulddoo故答案是lived/shouldlive/weretolive。

要点精讲4:错综条件句，即主句和从句与不同时间相反，则根据主从句位置和事实区别对待对号入座。

例1：IfIwereyou,Iwouldn'thavemissedtheconcertlastnight.

如果我是你，我就不会错过昨天晚上那场音乐会。（从句说明现在的情况，主句说明过去的情况）

例2：Ifyouhadtoldmethenewsyesterday,Iwouldn'tbesoworriednow.

如果你昨天告诉我这个消息，我现在就不会这么担心了。（从句说明过去的情况，主句说明现在的情况）

例3：Ifyouhesitatedthismoment,youmightsufferinfuture.

如果你现在犹豫不决，将来你会吃苦头的。（从句说明现在的情况，主句说明将来的情况）

【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。

7.Ifit（be）forhisinvitationtheotherday,Ishouldnotbeherenow.

8.IfhehadspentmoretimepractisingspeakingEnglishbefore,he(be)abletospeakitmuchbetter

now.

【答案与解析】

7.hadn'tbeen。theotherday说明从句与过去事实相反，应用过去完成时；且是否定形式。故答案是hadn't

beeno

8.wouldbeonow说明主句与现在事实相反，应用woulddo。故答案是wouldbe。

要点精讲5:if条件句若省略if,则把were/should/had提前到句首构成部分倒装句。

例1：HadIworkedhard,Iwouldhavesurelysucceeded.如果我当时努力学习的话,我一定会成功的。

例2：Wereshemydaughter,Iwouldn'tallowhertostudyabroad.如果她是我的女儿，我就不让她出国学习了。

例3：Wereitnotforyourhelp,Iwouldneverbeagoodmanager.

要不是你的帮助，我永远也成不了一个好经理。

【即时训练】在空白处填1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

9.WhatwouldhavehappenedBobwalkedfarther,asfarastheriverbank?

10.hetoleavetoday,hewouldgettherebyFriday.

【答案与解析】

9.hado根据语境后半句表示与过去事实相反，应用过去完成时；且省略if,应用倒装结构，故答案是hado

10.Wereo根据语境这里与将来事实相反，从句可以用weret。do；省略if应采用部分倒装语序。故答案

是Wereo

要点精讲6:含蓄条件句，即句子含有without,butfor,otherwise等词，后面按主句对待。

例1：Butforyouradvice,Iwouldhavefailed.

(=Ifyouhadn'tgivenmeadvice,Iwouldhavefailed.)如果不是你的建议,我会失败的。

例2：Withoutyourhelp,Iwouldn*thavesucceededanyway.

(=Ifyouhadn'thelpedme,Iwouldn'thavesucceededanyway.)没有你的帮助，我无论如何也不会成功。

例3：I'mreallybusy,otherwiseIwouldcertainlygowithyou.

我确实太忙了，不然的话，我一定和你一起去。

【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。

11.We(put)John'snameontheracelistyesterdaybutforhisrecentinjury.

12.Withouthiswartimeexperiences,Hemingway(write)hisfamousnovelAFarewellto

Arms.

【答案与解析】

11.wouldhaveputobutforhisrecentinjury表示“要不是他受伤”，构成含蓄条件句，与过去事实相反，

应用wouldhavedone。故答案是wouldhaveputo

12.wouldn'thavewrittenoWithouthiswartimeexperiences表示“没有他的战争经历”，构成含蓄条件句，

与过去事实相反，应用wouldhavedone,且是否定意义。故答案是wouldn'thavewritten。

考点清单二、从句谓语用“(should)+动词原形”三大典型场合

要点精讲1:一二三四类动词(一坚持insist二命令order,command三建议advise,suggest,recommend四

要求demand,desire,require,request)接从句谓语用should+动词原形，且should可以省略。但应注意insist

表示“坚持说”，suggest表示“暗示，表明”时，后接宾语从句应用陈述语气。

例1：Itissuggestedthatthemeetingshouldbeputofftillnextweek.

快！I2：Thedoctororderedthatthepatient(should)besenttohospitalwithoutdelay.

例3：Thesmileonhisfacesuggestedthathewassatisfiedwithourwork.

【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。

13.Eyedoctorsrecommendachild'sfirsteyeexam______(be)attheageofsixmonthsold.

14.Jane'spalefacesuggestedthatshe(be)ill,andherparentssuggestedthatshe(have)a

medicalexamination.

15.Theyoungmaninsistedthathe(do)nothingwrongandthathe(set)free.

【答案与解析】

13.(should)beorecommendthat…•表示"推荐，建议”，接从句谓语用should+动词原形，且should可以

省略。故答案是(should)be。

14.was;(should)haveo前半句suggested表示“暗示，表明“，后接宾语从句应用陈述语气，即与主句时

态呼应应用一般过去时；第二空表示“建议％接从句谓语用should+动词原形，且should可以省略。故

答案是was;(should)have。

15.haddone;(should)besetoinsist表示“坚持认为"，后接从句用虚拟语气；若表示“坚持说"，从句应

用陈述语气。故答案是haddone;(should)beseto

要点精讲2:一二三四类动词派生来的名词(order,command,advice,suggestion,requirement等)后接从句，

该从句谓语动词用should+动词原形，且should可以省略。

例1：Weagreedtotheorderthatthetask(should)becompletedat5o'clock.

例2：Ouronlyrequestisthatthis(should)besettledassoonaspossible.

【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。

16.Theteacheragreedtothesuggestionthatthestudents(give)twoweekstopreparefortheexam.

17.Youradvicethat(stay)theretillnextweekisreasonable.

【答案与解析】

16.(should)begivenosuggestion,requirement等名词后接从句，该从句谓语动词用should+动词原形，且

should可以省略；结合语境应用被动语态。故答案是(should)begiven。

17.(should)stayosuggestion,advice等名词后接从句，该从句谓语动词用should+动词原形，且should可

以省略；故答案是(should)stay。

要点:3.Itisnecessary/strange/impossible・.that.•从句谓语用should+动词原形，且should可以省略。若从

句涉及已经发生的动作，则应用shouldhavedoneo

例1：Itisstrangethatheshouldhaveactedtowardhisparentslikethat.

例2：It'svitalthatwe(should)takeoursafetydrivingalongtheroadseriously.

【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。

18.Itisadvisablethatyou(take)yourworkseriously,oritwon'tbelongbeforeyou*relaidoff.

19.Itisappropriatethatsometime(devote)tothoroughstudyoftheresultsoftheApollomission.

【答案与解析】

18.(should)takeoItisnecessary/strange/advisable・.that.•从句谓语用should+动词原形，且should可以省

略。故答案是(should)take。

19.(should)bedevotedoItisnecessary/strange/appropriate・.that.•从句谓语用should+动词原形，且should

可以省略。故答案是(should)bedevotedo

考点清单三、特殊句型中虚拟语气四大用法

要点精讲1:Iwishthat…从句与过去、现在、将来事实相反，分别用haddone,did,would/coulddo。

Iwish从句结构示例

与现在事实相反一般过去式Iwishitwereautumnnow.

与过去事实相反过去完成式Hewishedhehadnotlostthechance.

与将来事实相反would+动词原形Iwishyouwouldcomesoon.

例1：IwishthatIweretenyearsyounger.

例2：IwishthatIhadmetthatfilmstaryesterday.

【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。

20.一Wherearethechildren?Thedinner'sgoingtobecompletelyruined.

-Iwishthey(notbe)alwayslate.

21.HowIwisheveryfamily(have)alargehousewithabeautifulgarden!

【答案与解析】

20.wouldn^beo结合语境从句与将来事实相反，故应用woulddo。故答案是wouldn'tbe。

21.hado结合语境从句与现在事实相反，故应用一般过去时。故答案是had。

要点精讲2:ifonly表示“如果...该多好“，asif/though表示“好像”，从句虚拟用法同上。

例1：Helooksashewereanartist.

例2：Shelooksasifnothinghadhappenedtoher.

例3：IfonlyIhadseenthefilmwithJanelastnight.

【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。

22.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlookasifit(break).

23.Don'thandlethevaseasifit(make)ofsteel.

24.LookatthetroubleIamin!IfonlyI(follow)youradvice.

【答案与解析】

22.werebrokenoitlookasif…表示"看起来好像..”，从句与现在事实相反，应用一般过去时；结合语

境应用被动语态。故答案是werebroken。

23.weremade。该句意为：不要处理花瓶好像它是钢铁做成似地。从句与现在事实相反，应用一般过去时；

结合语境应用被动语态。故答案是weremade。

24.hadfollowedo结合语境ifonly后边与过去事实相反，应用过去完成时。故答案是hadfollowed。

要点精讲3:Iwouldratherthat…从句与过去事实相反用过去完成时，与现在、将来相反用一般过去时。

例1：I'dratherthathehadgonetotheseasidewithmethedaybeforeyesterday.

例2：Whenmyfatherisupset,hewouldrat/ierthatwelefthimalone.

【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。

25.Georgeisgoingtotalkaboutthegeographyofhiscountry,butI'dratherhe(focus)moreonits

culture.

26.-Didyougotothepartylastnight?

一Yes,butrdratherI(go)there.Itwassoboring.

【答案与解析】

25.focusedoIwouldratherthat…从句与与现在、将来相反都用一般过去时。本句显然是与将来事实相反。

故答案是focusedo

26.hadn'tgone考查虚拟语气和时态。句意：一一你去参加昨晚的派对了吗？一一去了，但我宁愿没去，

太无聊了。wouldrather后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，此处陈述与过去事实相反的情况，应用过去完成时，

因含有否定意义，故要加否定词not。故填hadrftgone。

要点精讲4:Itishigh/abouttimethat..后面常用did或shoulddo,should不能省，意为“早该...

例1：Itishi£htimethatyouwenttoschool.

例2：Itisabouttimethatweshouldsetoutatonce.

【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。

27.Jackisagreattalker.Ifshightimethathe(do)somethinginsteadofjusttalking.

28.It'shightimethatwe(commit)stothetaskofprotectingourenvironment.

【答案与解析】

27.did/shoulddo。Itishigh/abouttimethat..后面常用did或shoulddo,should不能省，意为“早该..”。

故答案是did/shoulddo。

28.werecommitted/shouldbecommittedoItishigh/abouttimethat..后面常用did或shoulddo,should不

能省，意为“早该...故答案是did/shoulddo。

分类训练(一)高考真题

在空白处填1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

1.(2020江苏)IfIhadn'tbeenfacedwithsomanybarriers,I(notbe)whereIam.

2.(2019天津)Theworkerswerenotbetterorganized,otherwisethey(accomplish)thetaskinhalf

thetime.

3.(2019江苏)Whatapity!Ybumissedthesightseeing,orwe(have)agoodtimetogether.

4.(2018天津)Ifwe(catch)theflightyesterday,wewouldbeenjoyingourholidayonthebeach.

5.(2018江苏)It'sstrangethathehavetakenthebookswithouttheowner9spermission.

6.(2018江苏)Thereisagoodsociallifeinthevillage,andIwishI(have)asecondchancetobecome

moreinvolved.

7.(2018目匕京)Theymighthavefoundabetterhotelifthey(drive)afewmorekilometers.

8.(2017北京)Ifthenewsafetysystem(put)touse,theaccidentwouldneverhavehappened.

9.(2017天津)——DoyouhaveBetty'sphonenumber?—Yes.Otherwise,I(be)abletoreachheryesterday.

10.(2017江苏)itnotforthesupportoftheteachers,thestudentcouldnotovercomeherdifficulty.

【分类训练一答案】

1.wouldn'tbe2.wouldhaveaccomplished3.wouldhavehad4.hadcaught5.should6.had7.haddriven8.

hadbeenput9.wouldn'thavebeen10.Were

分类训练(二)模拟试题

在空白处填1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

11.Bobwouldhavehelpedusyesterday,buthe(be)busy.

12.Welostourwayinthatsmallvillage,otherwisewe(see)moreplacesofinterestyesterday.

13.Thetimeisnotripe.I'dratheryou(not,say)anythingaboutitforthetimebeing.

14.wemadeagreateffortlastterm,wemighthavesucceeded.

15.1waswearingaseatbelt.IfIhadn'tbeenwearingone,Iwould(injure).

16.itraintomorrow,wewouldhavetoputoffthevisittotheYangpuRiver.

17.IfI(know)aboutthiscomputerprogram,ahugeamountoftimeandenergywouldhavebeensaved.

18.Ifitwerenotforthefactthatyou(be)ill,Iwouldaskyoutodothisrightnow.

19.Withoutthedoctor'stimelyoperation,thelittlegirl(lose)herlife.

20.Itishightimethatwe(place)greatemphasisontheimprovementoffoodsafety.

【分类训练二答案】

11.was12.wouldhaveseen13.didn'tsay14.Had15.havebeeninjured16.Should17.had

known18.are19.wouldhavelost20.placed/shouldplace

分类训练(三)单句改错

下列各句均有一处错误，请指出并纠正。

21.Someclassmatessuggestwecangotoplacesofinterestnearby.

22.ThemanagerproposedthatTomwasgivenanopportunitytoexplainwhyhe'drefusedtogothere.

23.IfonlyIlistenedtomyparents,Imighthavepassedthedrivingtest!

24.Theconferencewouldn'thavebesosuccessfulifwehadn'tmadeadequatepreparation.

25.IfonlytherewassomemagicbuttonIcouldpushtotakeawaythesadnessinhereyes.

26.一Larry,suchmis