高三英语一轮复习【知识精讲精研】 构词法课件

2023WelcometoEnglishclass!热词之——敌蜜用英语怎么说？friend朋友enemy敌人frenemy友敌、亦敌亦友=敌蜜breakfast早餐lunch午餐brunch早午餐元旦期间起得晚，你决定吃hungry饥饿angry生气hangry又饿又气发现妈妈没有做饭，你pop爆裂声corn玉米popcorn爆米花翻找家里发现了televisionTV电视抱着爆米花坐在沙发上，打开了watertheplant浇水看到盆栽没水了，顺便wonder-ful惊奇真是美好的一天！Whatawonderfulday!How?HowareEnglishwordsformed?wonderful美好的TV电视popcorn爆米花hangry又饿又气brunch早午餐frenemy敌蜜water浇水WordFORMATION构词法Toknowaboutthegrammaraboutwordformation;Tofigureoutcommonprefixesandsuffixesthroughobservingandpracticing;Tocompletetheexercisesadaptedfrompastexampapers;TobuildupconfidenceinrememberingwordsandlearningEnglish.Learningobjectives:wonderfuladj.

美好的TV电视popcornn.爆米花hangry又饿又气brunch早午餐frenemy敌蜜watern.→v.浇水WordFormation

构词法合成法Composition转化法Conversion缩略法Abbreviation派生法Derivation归

纳：由两个或更多的词合成一个新词,有的用______________________连接,有的________连写在一起，还有的由____________________构成，这样的构词方法叫做合成法。easy-going,reading-room,man-made,up-to-datesomewhere,eggplant,anyone,newspaper,cowboythemepark,humanrights,

busstop,postoffice分开的两个词连词符号(hyphen)“-”直接somewhere,eggplant,anyone,newspaper,cowboyeasy-going,reading-room,man-made,up-to-datethemepark,humanrights,

busstop,postoffice1.合成法Composition复合名词(Compoundingnoun)复合形容词（Compounding

adjective）复合动词(Compoundingverb)复合词（合成词）复合名词名词+名词名词+动词名词+动名词名词+及物动词+er/or名词+介词+名词代词+名词动词+名词动名词+名词现在分词+名词形容词+名词副词+动词

（1）复合名词的主要构成方式

weekend___________workshop__________周末车间;

研讨会daybreak___________破晓handwriting_______书写airconditioning_______空调painkiller___________止痛药sister-in-law___________嫂子she-wolf_______母狼he-goat_______公羊password______密码pickpocket_____扒手reading-room___________阅览室swimmingpool___________游泳池flying-fish___________飞鱼freshman_______新生wildlife_______野生动物outbreak_______爆发income_______收入复合形容词的主要构成方式例词名词＋形容词bloodred____________,nationwide____________名词＋现在分词time-consuming________,energy-saving________名词＋to＋名词one-to-one________名词＋过去分词man-made________,handmade________数词＋名词one-way________数词＋名词＋形容词three-year-old__________数词＋名词＋edten-storeyed__________动词＋副词one-off______________形容词＋名词high-quality____________,high-class____________形容词＋名词＋ednoble-minded____________,short-sighted____________,absentminded____________,coldblooded____________形容词＋形容词light-green__________,bittersweet_____________形容词＋现在分词easygoing____________,ordinary-looking___________副词＋形容词ever-green___________副词＋现在分词hard-working__________,far-reaching_____________副词＋过去分词well-known___________副词＋名词fast-food___________介词＋名词indoor___________血红的全国的耗时的节能的一对一的人造的手工制作的单行道的三岁的十层的一次性的高质量的高级的高尚的近视的心不在焉的冷酷的浅绿色的苦中带甜的随和的常青的努力的影响深远的著名的提供快餐的室内的相貌平平的复合动词名词+动词形容词+动词副词+动词overcome_____,overwhelm_______（3）复合动词的主要构成方式sleep­walk_______,daydream________white-brush______blacklist___________梦游做白日梦粉刷将…列入黑名单克服压垮Practice猜测词义1.(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)Theysurveyedseveralhundredpark-goers,askingthemtosubmitawrittensummaryonlineofameaningfulinteractiontheyhadwithnatureinthepark.2.(2021·浙江1月考)Herememberedlandmarks,butsincehedidn’tknowhistown’sname,findingasmallneighbourhoodinavastcountryprovedtobeimpossible.3.(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)Andincontrasttoourincreasinglynetworked

liveswheretheinformationweconsumeismonitoredandtracked,aprintedbookstilloffersthechanceofawhollyprivate,“off-line”activity.逛公园的人地标；标志性建筑网络化的离线的Let’sgohandinhand.Pleasehandinyourexercisebooksafterclass.Herroomiscleanandtidy.Shecleansherroomeveryday.Theuse/ju:s/oftoomuchplasticleadstopollution.MayIuse/ju:z/yourpencil?.Hewentinandsatdown.Thearmydownedaplane.GetmeaglassofwaterHewentouttowatertheplants.

2.转化法Conversion比较归

纳：由________词性转化为__________或_________词性，词

形不变，词性发生变化，这样的构词方法叫做转化法。另一种几种一种转化法—常见类型动词→名词walk→takeawalk_________swim→haveaswim_________名词→动词bookn.→v._________milkn.→v._________形容词→动词slowadj.→v._________narrowadj.→v.___________形容词↔副词hardadj.困难的↔adv._________highadj.高的↔adv.___________deepadj.深的↔adv.___________wideadj.宽的↔adv.___________散步游泳预订挤奶减慢使...变窄努力地高深广阔地构词法三

缩略Abbreviation首字母缩略UnitedNations→_________联合国VeryImportantPerson→_________贵宾PostOfficeBox→_________邮政信箱缩短词examination→_________考试application→_________应用拼缀词smoke+fog=_________烟雾motor+hotel=_________汽车旅馆UNVIPPOBexamappsmogmotelWordFORMATION构词法wonderfuladj.

美好的TV电视popcornn.爆米花hangry又饿又气brunch早午餐frenemy敌蜜watern.→v.浇水WordFormation

构词法合成法Composition转化法Conversion缩略法Abbreviation派生法DerivationBeijingOlympicForestPark,56liesonthenorthernendofBeijing’snorth-southcentralmeridian(子午线),isthelargestpublicgreenapaceeverbuiltinBeijing._57_(establish)aspartoftheOlympicGreenforthe2008SummerGames,theparkissurroundedbyanultra-urbanenvironmentofhigh-densitydevelopmentandhigh-volumetraffic.

ThedesignmixestraditionalChineselandscapeartsandprinciplesthatemphasizetheharmonybetweenhumansandnature.At58thesametime,modernecologicalconceptsandtechniqueswerewidelyemployedinthepark.Thisisafocusedeffort59(help)achievegoalsofzerowasteandzerostormwaterdischarge.Sincecompletion,thepark60(become)animportantpublicgreenspacethatprovidesrecreation,educationalopportunities,andenvironmentalbenefitstoBeijing61(resident)andvisitors.

Morethan2millionplantswereinstalledinthepark,62(include)morethan100treespeciesand80shrubspecies,alongwithgrasslandandwetlandspecies.Theyareconsideredas63(incredible)important.Theparkaremainlybirds,withover176speciesofbirdsintotal.Whatmakespeople64(please)isthatthepopulationisgrowing.65thissense,……56.which

57.Established

58.the

59.to

help

60.has

become

61.residents

62.including

63.incredibly

64.pleased

65.In一个英语单词可以分为三个部分：前缀（prefix），词根（stem）及后缀（suffix）构词法四派生法Derivationdisagreementunhappilyundishappyagreeilyment归

纳：派生是由一个词根加上_______或_________，构成另一个词。

这样的构词法叫做派生法。前

缀后缀改变单词的______meaning

(意思)改变单词的_________partofspeech(词性)1.

形容词变副词的后缀在形容词后加－ly可变成相应意义的副词直接加－lyextreme→extremely尤其；非常stupid→_________傻地改y为－ilyhappy→happily快乐地merry→_________快乐地以le结尾的去e加yprobable→probably可能gentle→_________温柔地horrible→_________可怕地；非常地以ic结尾的，加allybasic→basically基本上energetic→_______________精力充沛地dramatic→________________戏剧地；剧烈地个别特殊变化true→truly真正地shy→shyly害羞地whole→wholly完全地full→fully完全地stupidlymerrilygentlyhorriblyenergeticallydramaticallyPractice语法填空Evenifit’stheplacebo(安慰剂)effect,thatcanbe__________(incredible)powerful.ThefollowingfourarefromthethingstodoinChina,andyou’ll_______(probable)prefertotakepartinthem._______(luck),sciencewasonthecase.Studiesshowthatcreativethoughtoftenhappenswhenyou_______(regular)switchbetweentasks.___________(fortunate),thesurgerywassuccessful.Iwenthomewithmylovelychildhappilyaswellas_________(grateful).Besides,wecanfinishourhomeworkmore__________(effective)whilestayingatschool.Thetroubleis,intoday’sworld,it’s_________(extreme)difficulttoavoid.Agentlebreeze______(soft)kissedme._____________,(economic)Asiaisstillthemostdynamicregionintheworld.incrediblyprobablyLuckilyregularlyFortunatelygratefullyeffectivelyextremelysoftlyEconomically后缀例词－ageshort→shortage不足；短缺－cyefficient→efficiency效率；功效accurate→___________准确性－domwise→wisdom明智；智慧free→_________自由；自主－encedifferent→difference差异silent→___________沉默－nessweak→weakness虚弱；弱点careless→_____________粗心大意－thstrong→strength力气；强项wide→_________宽－y/ty/itydisable→disability无能；残疾responsible→_____________责任2.

形容词变名词的后缀accuracyfreedomsilencecarelessnesswidthresponsibilityPractice语法填空WheneverImademistakes,theteacherpointedthemoutwith_______(patient).His____________(careless)resultedinhisfailureinthemathcontest.Cubagained_____________(independent)fromSpainin1898.Kara'sphonehasbeenringing________.Wearereallyboredwiththe____________.(frequent)21.Theprettygirllooked_________,andnoonecouldmatchwithher_________.(elegant)(2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Whenenoughoftheseerrors___________(short)together,theycanceleachotherout,resultinginamoreaccurateestimate.(2019·人教版)TangshancityhasprovedtoChinaandtherestoftheworldthatintimesofdisaster,peoplemustunifyandshowthe__________(wise)tostaypositiveandrebuildforabrighterfuture.patiencecarelessnessshortagewisdomindependencefrequentlyfrequencyelegantelegance3.

动词变名词的后缀后缀例词－alapprove→approval赞成；批准arrive→_____________到来－anceappear→appearance出现；外貌perform→_____________表演；节目－enceexist→existence存在；生存refer→_____________参考；查阅－ionconstruct→construction建设evaluate→_______________评估－ationconsider→consideration考虑invite→_______________邀请－(s)siondiscuss→discussion讨论；辩论admit→____________接纳；准许入学－inghear→hearing听力；听觉begin→_____________开始－mentargue→argument辩论；论据equip→_______________设备－urefail→failure失败；没做到press→______________压力－turemix→mixture混合；混合物depart→____________离开；出发－yrecover→recovery恢复；痊愈discover→_______________发现－agemarry→marriage婚姻其他vary→variety多样化；种类tend→tendency趋向；趋势arrivalperformancereferenceevaluationinvitationadmissionbeginningequipmentpressuredeparturediscoveryPractice语法填空The________(fly)wascancelledasaresultoftheterribleweather.Menandwomenhavetositinseparateareas-----themenwiththebridegroom,andthewomenwiththebride,atwedding_________(receive).Imustmakean_________(apologize)tohimfornotgoingtohisparty.Evenifyoufailonceagain,itdoesn'tsuggestthatyouarea_________.(fail)(2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)Ascitiesballoonwith________(grow),accesstonatureforpeoplelivinginurbanareasisbecominghardertofind.(2023年新高考II卷)SinceJune2017,rightbeforethe________(arrive)ofthetwonewpandas,MengMengandJiaoQing,IhavebeenhelpingthepandakeepersatthezootofeelmorecomfortableandconfidentspeakingEnglish.(2022年1月浙江卷)Whentheanswerwasno,shedeclinedthe____________(invite).growtharrivalinvitationflightreceptionapologyfailure4.

表示“人”的后缀后缀例词－ervillage→villager村民photograph→__________________摄影师－arlie→liar说谎者－eeemploy→employee受雇者；雇员interview→_________________被面试者－orinvent→inventor发明家educate→_________教育家；教师－esssteward→stewardess女乘务员host→______________女主人；女主持人－eseChina→Chinese中国人Japan→____________日本人－anAmerica→American美国人Australia→____________澳洲人－ianhistory→historian历史学家politics→________________政治家；政客statistics→statistician统计学家music→_________________音乐家－istspecial→specialist专家tour→______________旅行者；观光者minimal→minimalist极简主义者commune→________________共产主义者－antparticipate→participant参加者assist→_______________助手；图书管理员photographerintervieweeeducatorhostessJapaneseAustralianpoliticianmusiciantouristcommunistassistantteacher老师professor教授educator教师beggar乞丐conductor指挥；售票员hostess女主持人assistant/librarian图书管理员Practice语法填空1)(2022年6月浙江卷)JohnOlson,aformer__________________(photograph)andhisteamturnpaintingsintofullytextured3Dmodels.2)(2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Youcanviewthesepracticesasatoolboxmeanttoaidyoureffortstobuilda_______________(minimal)lifestylethatwordsforyourparticularcircumstances.3)(2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)OnMarch7,1907,theEnglish_______________(statistics)FrancisGaltonpublishedapaperwhichillustratedwhathascometobeknownasthe“wisdomofcrowds”effect.4)(2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)Theresearchersthenexaminedthesesubmissions,coding(编码)experiencesintodifferentcategories.Forexample,one_____________(participate)experienceof“Wesatandlistenedtothewavesatthebeachforawhile”wasassignedthecategories“sittingatbeach”and“listeningtowaves.”photographerminimaliststatisticianparticipant’s5.动词、名词变形容词的常见后缀后缀例词－ablevalue→valuable有价值的consider→_______________相当大的－alperson→personal个人的；私人的nature→_____________自然的；天生的－fulhope→hopeful有希望的peace→______________和平的－edconfuse→confused感到困惑的bore→______________感到厌倦的－ingsurprise→surprising令人惊讶的convince→______________令人信服的－ibleaccess→accessible容易到达的

horror→____________可怕的；恐怖的－iveeffect→effective有效的；生效的instruct→______________有教育意义的talk→talkative健谈的

create→_________________有创造力的－ousanxiety→anxious忧虑的

curiosity→________________好奇的space→spacious宽敞的

glory→________________光荣的－sometire→tiresome令人厌倦的

trouble→______________麻烦的－ytaste→tasty美味的；可口的

wealth→__________富裕的；丰富的dirt→dirty有灰尘的；脏的

rain→___________多雨的－erneast→eastern东方的；向东的

west→___________西方的；向西的－ishfool→foolish愚蠢的；可笑的

self→___________自私的－icscience→scientific科学的

history→___________历史上著名的－aryimagine→imaginary想象中的considerablenaturalpeacefulboredconvincinghorribleinstructivecreativecuriousglorioustroublesomewealthyrainywesternselfishhistoricPractice语法填空1)(2022·浙江6月考)Thoseletterstaughtmychildrena_________(value)lessonaboutwriting:ithasapurpose.Sometimesourpurposeistoachievesomething;othertimesitmaybetoentertain,inform,orpersuade.2)Hesuddenlybecamevery__________(talk),hisfaceslightlyflushed,hiseyesmuchbrighter.3)(2021·新高考全国I卷)Ahistorybookwhichmaycontainthefactsinstoryformwillbeeasiertoreadthanonedealingwith___________(science)subjects.4)(2023年1月浙江高考卷)Thehutongstheyformedwereorderly,linedby__________(space)homesandwalledgardens.Fartherfromthecenterlivedthecommonersandlaborers.valuabletalkativescientificspacious6.

表示否定或相反意义的前缀和后缀前缀例词dis－advantage→disadvantage缺点comfort→_______________不舒适il－legal→illegal不合法的

logical→_______________不合逻辑的im－patient→impatient不耐烦的

moral→________________不道德的in－formal→informal非正式的

convenient→_______________不方便的ir－regular→irregular不规则的

responsible→______________不负责任的mis－lead→mislead误导

understand→_________________误解un－willing→unwilling不愿意的

happy→_____________不高兴的后缀例词－lesshope→hopeless绝望的

care→_______________粗心的discomfortillogicalimmoralinconvenientirresponsiblemisunderstandunhappycarelessPracticeGuessthemeaningofthewordsunderlined.1)(2023•浙江1月考)Theauthor’sfatherdisapprovedofbuyinggrocerieswithjars.__________2)(2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)Morerecently,asbooks