2024年中考英语复习考点06-形容词和副词知识点总结习题

考点6形容词和副词【中考考查重点】1. 形容词词义辨析；2. 形容词短语搭配；3. 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级；4. 副词的基本用法；5. 副词的分类；6. 易混淆的副词用法辨析等一、形容词（一）形容词的分类分类说明性质形容词用于表示人或物所具有的性质。英语中大量形容词属于这一类，多数有比较级和最高级，有程度大小的区别，可以使用程度副词修饰。e.g.funny滑稽的，lovely可爱的，healthy健康的类别形容词用于阐明人或事物所属的特定类别。往往没有程度大小区别、没有比较级和最高级，而且不使用程度副词修饰。e.g.financial经济的，mental脑力的，cultural文化的颜色形容词表示事物颜色。没有比较级和最高级。e.g.blue蓝色的，green绿色的叙述形容词这类形容词只能作表语，所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化，也不可用程度副词修饰，大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。e.g.afraid害怕的，alone单独的，asleep睡着的，worth值得的，ill病的分词形容词有些表情感态度的动词，如excite，worry，其过去分词和现在分词可形容词化，即相当于形容词。e.g.exciting令人兴奋的，excited感到兴奋的复合形容词指的是由几个词共同构成并起形容词作用的词。e.g.threeyearold三岁的，ordinarylooking相貌普通的，middleaged中年的（二）形容词的句法功能成分说明例句作定语一般放在所修饰词的前面（也能后置）It’sacoldandwindydaytoday.今天是个寒冷有风的天气。作表语放在系动词的后面Helookshappytoday.他今天看上去很开心。做补足语作主语或宾语补足语，说明主语或宾语的性质、状态或特征，常和make，keep，have搭配使用Ithinkitimpossibleforhimtofinishtheworkbeforedark.我认为他不可能在天黑之前完成这一工作。Wekeepourclassroomclean.我们保持教室整洁。作状语主要表示原因、伴随或方式Hungryandtired,Ihadtostoptohavearest.又累又饿，我只好停下来休息一天。【知识扩展】形容词修饰something,anything,nothing,everything等复合不定代词时，须放在其后。e.g.Thereisnothingimportantinthepaper.报上没什么重要的事情。表示长、宽、高、深及年龄的形容词，应放在相应的名词之后。e.g.Thebridgeisabouttwohundredmetreslong.这座桥长约两百米。多个形容词作定语时的顺序排列：限定词（冠词、数词、代词等）→描绘性形容词→大、小(长、短、高、低)形容词→形状形容词→年龄(新、旧)形容词→颜色形容词、国籍形容词、材料形容词、用途(类别)形容词、名词。“口诀”：美小圆旧黄，法国木书房，e.g.一座古老的中国小石桥：AsmalloldChinesestonebridge。二、副词（一）副词的基本用法副词是用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词以及全句话的词类，表示时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。►Weshouldlistentoourteacherscarefully.我们应该认真听老师讲课。►Heisveryhappytoday.他今天非常高兴。►＂Whathappened?＂Iasked,ratherangrily.＂发生什么事情了？＂我相当生气地问。►Luckily,hewassavedfinally.幸运的是他最终获救了。（二）副词的分类1、时间副词：today,early,soon,now,then,recently,still（1）表示发生时间的副词：►It’sbeginningtorainnow!现在开始下雨了！（2）表示频繁程度的副词，也称频度副词always,often,usually,sometimes,never,ever,hardly等一般位于系动词、情态动词和助动词之后，实义动词之前。►Sheoftenchangeshermind.她常改变主意。（3）还有一些其他表示时间的副词：►Hehasjusthadanoperation.他刚动过手术。2、地点副词：here,there,out,somewhere,abroad,home（1）直接表示地点的副词：►Sheisstudyingabroad.她在国外留学。（2）还有一些部分与介词同形的副词。它们与介词同形，后跟宾语的是介词，否则是副词：用作介词：Standup!起立！用作副词：Acatclimbedupthetree.猫爬上了树。（3）以where构成的副词也是地点副词：It’sthesameeverywhere.到处都一样。3、方式副词：well,fast,slowly,carefully,quickly（1）方式副词说明行为方式：►Howbeautifullyyourwifedances.你夫人舞跳得真美。（2）还有的副词表示某些情绪：►Shesmiledgratefully.她感激的笑了笑。（3）还有一些以ly结尾的副词，表示动作发生的状况：►Heleftthetownsecretly.他悄然离开了这座城市。4、程度副词：very,much,enough,almost,rather,quite5、频度副词：always,often,usually,sometimes,seldom,never6、疑问副词：where,how,why7、否定副词：no,not,neither,nor8、其他副词：also,too,only【知识扩展】1、有些词虽然是以ly结尾的，但却是形容词，e.g.lovely、lively、friendly、lonely、likely、ugly…2、有些词既有形容词词性，又有副词词性，但不同词性的意思不一样；还有一些形容词加上ly变副词但词义也发生了变化。adj.adv.+ly①hard努力的，辛苦的，艰难的，坚硬的努力地，辛苦地，艰难地hardly几乎不②pretty漂亮的非常，很③late晚的，迟的晚地，迟地lately近来，最近④early早的早地/⑤fast快的快地/⑥alone独自一人的独自一人地/⑦alive活着的//3、几组常用的副词辨析①already在现在完成时当中只用于肯定句yet在现在完成时当中用语否定句和疑问句②so副词词性，在结果状语从句中后接形容词和副词such形容词词性，在结果状语从句中后接名词③sometimes频度副词，表示“有时”sometime副词词性，表示“某个时候”sometimes“几次，几倍”sometime一段时间④toomuch“太多”，后接不可数名词toomany“太多”后接可数名词muchtoo“太”，相当于very和quite⑤everyday“每天的”是形容词everyday“每天”相当于副词做时间状语三、比较级和最高级1、形容词和副词的比较级变化规则构成方式例词规则变化单音节和部分双音节一般在词尾加er，esthigh→higher→highest以不发音的字母e结尾的词，加r，starge→larger→largestnice→nicer→nicest以两个辅元辅结尾的重读闭音节词，双写词尾的辅音字母，再加er，estbig→bigger→biggestthin→thinner→thinnest以辅音字母+y结尾的词，变y为i，再加er，estugly→uglier→ugliestbusy→busier→busiest少数以er或ow结尾的双音节词，词尾加er，estnarrow→narrower→narrowestclever→cleverer→cleverest多音节其他双音节词和多音节词及分词形容词，在词前加more，mostimportant→moreimportant→mostimportant不规则变化good/well→better→bestbad/ill,badly→worse→worstmany/much→more→mostlittle→less→leastfar→farther/further→farthest/furthestold→older/elder→oldest/eldest【知识扩展】1、farther/farthest和further/furthest的区别：二者表示距离时，往往可互换，但是用于引申义，表示程度时，只能使用后者。Hecanthrowmuchfarther/furtherthanyou.他可以比你扔得远得多。HissuggestionisthatKateshouldbesentabroadforfurthereducation.他的建议是凯特被派往国外进修。2、older/oldest和elder/eldest的区别：前者用于人或者物，可作定语和表语，可与than连用，而后者主要用于家人之间，表明长幼关系，往往用于人，不用于物，而且只作定语不作表语，也不与than连用。I’mtwoyearsolderthanhim.我比他大两岁。Hiselderbrotherworksinaclothingfactory.他哥哥在一家服装厂工作。2、句式变化（1）比较级的特殊句式当主语是人称代词时，其中A是主格，B是宾格e.g.Sheistallerthanme.可以用一些单词或者短语来修饰比较级，表示程度：abit，alittle，much，alot，far，rather，even，still，翻译成“....得的多”以下词只能修饰原级，不能修饰比较级：very，quite，so，too表示＂是几倍，大几岁，高几厘米＂时，可用“倍数/数量词+比较级+than”的结构表示。e.g.Ourroomistwicelargerthantheirs.我们的房间是他们的两倍大。“比较级+and+比较级”的句式当前后两个比较级相同时，表示“越来越怎样”e.g.Thedayisbeingwarmerandwarmer.天气变得越来越暖和。当前后两个比较级不同时，表示“更…更…”e.g.Themoongotfullerandbigger.月亮变得更大更圆了。“The+比较级，the+比较级”，表示“越…越…”e.g.Themoreinformation，thebetter“as+形容词或副词的原级+as”，表示“和…相同”，叫做同级比较e.g.Sheisastallasme其否定形式为notso/as…as，e.g.Hedoesn’tstudyso/ashardashisbrother.（2）最高级的特殊句式一般句式常和in/of/among连用，说明比较的范围e.g.Linglingisthetallestofthethreeoneofthe+最高级+名词复数，表示“最…的之一”当形容词最高级修饰名词时，其前还可以加序数词e.g.Itisthefastestandthesecondcheapest表示“第二便宜的”当最高级前有物主代词或名词所有格时，定冠词the省略，e.g.Mondayismybusiestday如果两个最高级并列修饰同一个名词，第二个最高级前的the省略。e.g.Heistheyoungestandtallestboyinmyclass最高级的意义还可以用比较级去表达e.g.NewYorkisbusierthananyothercityintheUS.纽约比美国任何其他城市都繁华。Nothingismoreenjoyablethanplayingtennis.没有什么比打网球更享受。四、常见的形容词和介词搭配【about】beexcitedabout对…感到激动behappyabout对…感到开心bemadabout为…感到入迷beworriedabout为…担心【at】begoodat擅长…bemadat对……生气besurprisedat对……感到惊讶

【for】befamousfor因…而著名begoodfor对…有益bebadfor对…有害belatefor迟到【from】beawayfrom远离…bedifferentfrom和…不同【in】beinterestedin

对……感兴趣bestrictinsth.对某事严格【of】beafraidof害怕…becarefulof（about）

当心，注意befullof充满了…beproudof对……感到自豪【to】befamiliarto为…所熟系，befamousto为…所著名befriendly/kindto对……友好bepolite/impoliteto对…有（不）礼貌beharmfulto对…有害besimilarto和…相似【with】beangrywith对……生气beboredwith对…厌烦bebusywith忙于…becarefulwith小心…、仔细…befamiliarwith熟系…bepleasedwith对…感到高兴bepopularwith受……欢迎；besatisfiedwith对…感到满意/高兴bestrictwithsb.对某人严格▶▶▶形容词和副词练习题◀◀◀考点一形容词（原级）一、单项选择Tom'sgrownupquickly.Heisnearlyas__________asme.A.tallB.tallerC.tallestD.thetallestTheChineselanguageismoreandmorepopular.Exactly!It'sbeinga__________languageskillintheinternationalmunity.A.similarB.difficultC.necessaryD.traditionalNothingis__________ifyouputyourheartintoit.A.impossibleB.usefulC.differentD.necessaryTheGreenslikethequietnessinthecountryside.Thecityistoo__________forthem.A.fortableB.dangerousC.noisyD.interestinglthinkitisagoodwaytostudyEnglishbywatchingEnglishmov1es.lagree.1findit__________toimprovemylistening.A.harmfulB.thankfulC.carefulD.helpfulIseveryoneheretoday?No.Twostudentsare__________becausetheyhaveacold.A.angryB.absentC.activeThe__________newsmadehim__________.Hedidn'tfallasleepuntilmidnight.excited;excitedB.exciting;excitingC.exciting;excitedD.excited;excitingHisgrandfatherdidhisbesttokeepthetree__________,butitdiedintheend.A.aliveB.asleepC.absentD.awake二、翻译句子这个连衣裙太贵了所以我不想买。________________________________________________________________________吃太多的糖会使你发胖。________________________________________________________________________今年夏天我想去一个特殊而神奇的地方。________________________________________________________________________考点二形容词的比较级和最高级一、单项选择ElCapitan，about3,000feethigh，isoneoftheworld's__________mountainstoclimb.A.hardB.harderC.hardestD.thehardestThankstobetterhealthcare，morepeopleareliving__________livestodaythanbefore.A.longerB.richerC.busierD.easierTheteacherisgladtoseethatTonyis__________thanbefore.A.carefulB.morecarefulC.mostcarefulD.themostcarefulTheAdventuresofTomSawyeristhoughttobeoneof__________Americanstories.A.greatB.greaterC.greatestD.thegreatestProtectingourselvesisoneof__________thingswemustdo.A.importantB.moreimportantC.mostimportantD.themostimportantWhat'stheworld's__________mountain?MountQomolangma.A.lowerB.lowestC.higherD.highestldon'treallylikebigcities.NeitherdoI.Ifeelmuch__________inthecountryside.A.freeB.freerC.freestD.thefreestExcuseme,sir.Theshoesaresmallforme.Don'tworry.Iwillchangethemfora__________size.A.largeB.largerC.largestD.thelargest二、翻译句子我认为物理是最令人兴奋的学科之一。________________________________________________________________________我相信我的英语会越来越好。________________________________________________________________________你越努力,你进步就会越快。________________________________________________________________________长江比中国的任何一条河都长。________________________________________________________________________考点三副词（原级）一、单项选择Dad,you__________smilewhenItakephotosofyou.Youalwayslooksoserious.A.oftenB.sometimesC.alwaysD.neverBecausepeoplecanfindinformationontheInternet,knowledgespreads__________.A.quicklyB.loudlyC.hardlyD.nearlyThedancingteachergivesusinstructions__________untilweareperfectineverymove.A.patientlyB.quicklyC.bravelyD.suddenlyLily__________makesaspeechinfrontofsomanypeople.Shefeelsverynervous.A.oftenB.alwaysC.neverD.sometimesSueworks__________,sosheneverseemstomakemistakes.A.lateB.aloneC.happilyD.carefullyChinahasformedadeepfriendshipwithcountriesaroundtheworld.That'strue.Weareworking___________togetherinmanyfields.A.closelyB.nervouslyC.terriblyD.humorouslyAsmalltowninNorwaydoesn'tgetdirectsunshinefromlateSeptembertomidMarch—__________sixmonthsoutoftheyear.A.onlyB.hardlyC.clearlyD.nearlyTony,__________isthematch?It'snextSaturdayafternoon.Areyouing?A.whenB.whereC.howD.what二、翻译句子游客们喜欢来大连,尤其是在夏天。________________________________________________________________________看!孩子们玩得多高兴呀!________________________________________________________________________我几乎不相信我们正在市中心。________________________________________________________________________女孩跑得不如男孩快。________________________________________________________________________考点四副词的比较级和最高级一、单项选择It'sunbelievablethatmountainscangrow.Accordingtoarecentsurvey,Qomolangmahasrisen__________.A.lowB.lowerC.highD.higherBilllives__________toschoolthanPeter.A.closeB.closedC.closerD.theclosestWeneedtodrivemore__________thanusualwhenwepassaschool.A.quicklyB.happilyC.slowlyD.politelyToday，withtheInternet，peoplecanmunicate_thaneverbefore.A.easilyB.moreeasilyC.mosteasilyD.themosteasilywe'rehappythatourcountryhasdeveloped__________theseyearsthanbefore.A.quicklyB.lessquicklyC.morequicklyD.mostquicklyWhat'sthebestmovietheatreintown?SunCinema.Youcansitthemost__________.A.widelyB.quietlyC.cheaplyD.fortableWiththehelpofBaiduMap，wecanfindtheway__________thanbefore.A.easilyB.moreeasilyC.mosteasilyD.themosteasilyMikelives__________fromschoolofallthestudents，sohealwaystakesabustoschool.A.farC.furtherD.thefartherB.farther二、翻译句子Tom是我们班里跑得最快的男生之一。________________________________________________________________________每天我的同学们到校都比我早。________________________________________________________________________你赚的钱越多,花得越多。________________________________________________________________________综合练习一、单项选择Simonhasbeen__________schoolfor2days.What'swrongwithhim?It'ssaidthathehasacold.A.nervousaboutB.thirstyforC.absentfromD.worriedaboutMoreandmorepeoplehaverealisedthatclearwaterandgreenmountainsareas__________asmountainsofgoldandsilver.A.centralB.specialC.valuableD.clearElderbrother:Whichismuchbraver，thesunorthemoon,Tom?Youngerbrother:Ofcoursethemoon.Becauseitisn't__________thedark.A.harmfultoB.afraidofC.sureaboutD.hungryforIt'snot__________totalkwithyourmouthfull.A.boringB.politeC.terribleD.sleepyOpenthewindowandhavesome__________airin.Thereistoomuchsmokeintheroom.A.thinB.hotC.dirtyD.freshIfyouarelateforthemeeting，pleaseentertheroom__________.A.slowlyB.easilyC.loudlyD.quietlyRemembertogettothepoint.Themoreyoutalk,__________attentionhewillpaytoyou.A.thebiggerB.thefewerC.themoreD.theworseMrsSmithalwayswaits__________forstudentstoaskquestionsafterclass.A.patientlyB.quicklyC.luckilyD.deeplyEmmalovesanimalsandshelooksafterherpetdog__thanherfriends.A.carefullyB.morecarefullyC.mostcarefullyD.themostcarefullyHarryPotteris__________filmI'veeverseen.A.goodB.betterC.bestD.thebest二、用括号中所给词的适当形式填空Hundredsofpeoplearecrowdingaroundthecinema.Iguessthefilmmustbe____________.(excite)Itrained____________lastnightandtheriverrose.(heavy)They____________publishedfindingsofastudyonthistopic.(recent)Chinah