2024届高考英语二轮复习：精读高考真题（十六）阅读理解导学案

精读高考真题(十六）高考英语真题是英语学习的宝藏，精读一篇远胜过刷题十篇。相较于教材、日常习题，高考真题的语料更加新颖、更有针对性。长期精读高考真题有利于增强英语学习的信心，从而极大提高学习英语的效率。一、真题再现PortLympneReserve,whichrunsabreeding(繁育)programme,haswelcomedthearrivalofarareblackrhinocalf(犀牛幼崽).WhenthetinycreaturearrivedonJanuary31,shebecamethe40thblackrhinotobebornatthereserve.AndofficialsatPortLympneweredelightedwiththenewarrival,especiallyasblackrhinosareknownforbeingdifficulttobreedincaptivity(圈养).PaulBeer,headofrhinosectionatPortLympne,said:“Obviouslywe’reallabsolutelydelightedtowelcomeanothercalftoourblackrhinofamily.She’shealthy,strongandalreadyeagertoplayandexplore.Hermother,Solio,isafirst-timemumandsheisdoingafantasticjob.It’sstillalittletoocoldforthemtogooutintotheopen,butassoonastheweatherwarmsup,Ihavenodoubtthatthelittleonewillbeoutandaboutexploringandplayingeveryday.”

Theadorablefemalecalfisthesecondblackrhinobornthisyearatthereserve,butitistooearlytotellifthecalveswillmakegoodcandidatestobereturnedtoprotectedareasofthewild.ThefirstrhinotobebornatPortLympnearrivedonJanuary5tofirst-timemotherKisimaandweighedabout32kg.Hismother,grandmotherandgreatgrandmotherwereallbornatthereserveandstilllivethere.AccordingtotheWorldWildlifeFund,theglobalblackrhinopopulationhasdroppedaslowas5500,givingtherhinosa“criticallyendangered”status.24.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthebreedingprogramme?

A.Costly.

B.Controversial.C.Ambitious.

D.Successful.25.WhatdoesPaulBeersayaboutthenew-bornrhino?

A.Shelovesstayingwithhermother.

B.Shedislikesoutdooractivities.

C.Sheisingoodcondition.

D.Sheissensitivetoheat.26.WhatsimilarexperiencedoSolioandKisimahave?

A.TheyhadtheirfirstborninJanuary.

B.Theyenjoyedexploringnewplaces.

C.Theylivedwiththeirgrandmothers.

D.Theywerebroughttothereserveyoung.27.WhatcanbeinferredaboutPortLympneReserve?

A.Therhinosectionwillbeopentothepublic.

B.Itaimstocontrolthenumberoftheanimals.

C.ItwillcontinuetoworkwiththeWorldWildlifeFund.

D.Someofitsrhinosmaybesenttotheprotectedwildareas.

（2021年全国甲卷B篇）二、语篇导读：本文的语篇类型是新闻报道，主题语境为人与自然。文章主要介绍了在PortLympne保护区的部分黑犀牛现状。三、重点单词（词性转换词、熟词生意词、超纲词）和短语1.reserven.（动植物）保护区，自然保护区2.runvt.管理，经营，实施（熟词生义）runa...programme开展一个......项目bedelightedwith...对......感到高兴bedelightedtodo...乐意做......areknownfor...因......而闻名headn.负责人，主管人（熟词生义）beeager(for)todo...渴望（某人）做......first-timeadj.首次的，第一次的openn.户外，野外，旷野（形容词转名词）（熟词生义）warmup（变）暖和adorableadj.可爱的，惹人喜爱的adorevt.崇拜，敬仰return...to...把......送回protectedadj.受保护的（分词形容词）protectedareas自然保护区protectv.保护tellvt.判断，辨别（熟词生义）greatgrandmother曾祖母accordingto...根据......，按照......dropaslowas...锐减至......criticallyadv.极其，严重地criticaladj.严重地，危急的endangeredadj.遭到危险的，（动植物）濒危的（分词形容词）criticallyendangered极度濒危的endangervt.使遭危险，危及，使（动植物）濒于灭绝dangern.危险costly

adj.花钱多的，代价大的new-bornadj.新出生的（合成词）ingoodcondition处于良好状态，健康besensitiveabout/to...对......感到敏感的beopento...对......开放thepublic公众aimtodo...目的在于......continuedoing/todo...继续做......四、关键结构和长难句1.WhenthetinycreaturearrivedonJanuary31,shebecamethe40thblackrhinotobebornatthereserve.1).thetinycreature指代上一句中的arareblackrhinocalf。thetinycreature是上义词；arareblackrhinocalf是下义词。arareblackrhinocalf是泛指；thetinycreature是特指。2).句中的tobebornatthereserve是一个动词不定式短语做后置定语，修饰the40thblackrhino。相当于定语从句：thatwasbornatthereserve。英语中，当名词前有序数词、first、next、last或形容词最高级修饰时，通常用动词不定式后置定语。E.g.Thelastonetoarrivepaysthemeal.最后一个到的人付饭钱。Thiscompanywasthefirsttoproduceportableradiosaswellascassettetaperecordersintheworld.这个公司是世界上第一个生产便携式录音机和盒式录音机的公司。Thedeepestholeevertobeboredonlandwentdown25,340feet.陆地上曾经钻的最深的洞深约25340英尺。Thenextmantoapproachmewassellingexpensivepensandwatches.下一个接近我的下一个男人正在卖贵的钢笔和手表。【参考译文】当这只小家伙与一月三十一日出生时，她便成为了在保护区出生的第40头黑犀牛。AndofficialsatPortLympneweredelightedwiththenewarrival,especiallyasblackrhinosareknownforbeingdifficulttobreedincaptivity.1).especiallyas...是一个由as引导的原因状语从句。2).tobreedincaptivity是形容词difficult后面的补足语，as从句的主语blackrhinos是breed的宾语。英语里有一些形容词，如easy，fit，difficult，hard，awkward，convenient，impossible，pleasant，tough，unpleasant等，要求一个及物动词来做它们的补足语。但在语义上，句子的主语便是动词不定式的宾语。g.Shewasextremelydifficulttoplease.很难使她称心如意。Jackiseasytofool.杰克容易受愚弄。Mostofourfearsareunreasonable,buttheyareimpossibletoerase.我们的恐惧大都是没有根据的，但是要把他们消除却是不可能的。当动词不定式中的动词是不及物动词时，需加上介词：E.g.Heisdifficulttodealwith.他是很难对付的。Themanishardtoworkwith.这个人很难共事。【参考译文】Lympne港的官员们对新到来的犀牛感到高兴，特别是在黑犀牛以难以圈养繁育而闻名的情况下。It’sstillalittletoocoldforthemtogooutintotheopen,butassoonastheweatherwarmsup,Ihavenodoubtthatthelittleonewillbeoutandaboutexploringandplayingeveryday.1).本句是一个由but连接的并列句。后一分句是一个复合句：assoonas引导的时间状语从句；主句为Ihavenodoubt，后面that引导的同位语从句和doubt互为同位语。2).在“too+形容词（或副词）+to+动词原形”结构中，“to+动词原形”虽然形式上是肯定的，但在意义上却是否定的。E.g.Bacteriaaretoosmalltobeseenbythenakedeye.细菌太小，肉眼是看不见的。Thenewsistoogoodtobetrue.这消息太好了，简直叫人不能相信。Hewastooexcitedtosayaword.他激动得一句话也说不出来。Butthesewereonlydaydreams,muchtooheavenlytobecontemplated.但是，这些愿望都只是白日梦，因为它们太美妙了，简直叫人不敢相信真的会实现。与此相似，在“too...for...”结构中，介词for后面的名词或名词短语往往也可以理解为具有否定的意义:E.g.Itistoohotforwork.天太热，不能工作。You’redrivingtoofastforsafety.你开车太快，是不安全的。Butthesmokewastooblackforstrawfire.然而烟太黑，不可能是稻草着的火。但“onlytoo...to+动词原形”却没有否定意义。这是因为onlytoo是一个固定短语，意思是“非常”、“实在”。类似的还有alltoo，buttoo，quitetoo等。E.g.Ishallbeonlytoopleasedtohelpyou.我非常高兴帮助你。I’monlytoogladtohushthematterup.我很高兴把这件事隐瞒下来。Theyarealltoosatisfiedtotaketheopinionsofotherswithoutthepainofthoughtforthemselves.他们都满足于不费脑筋思考就采纳别人的观点。Theyarebuttoogladtodoso.他们很高兴这样做。3).句中forthemtogooutintotheopen是一个动词不定式的复合结构形式，them是goout的主语。for用于引出动词不定式的逻辑主语。E.g.Itisimpossibleforustogobyplane.我们坐飞机去是不可能的。Forustotakepartinthediscussionwouldbeaconflictinterest.我们参加讨论，就会造成利害冲突。4).havenodoubtthat...意为“毫不怀疑......

”、“毫无疑问......”。doubt用作名词，that引导同位语从句E.g.Ihavenodoubtthathewillovercomeallhisdifficulties.我毫不怀疑他将克服所有的困难。Thereisnodoubtthattheworldisgettingwarmer.地球无疑在变暖。【参考译文】天气还是有点太冷，他们不能出门到户外去，但天气一转暖，我毫不怀疑，小家伙就会出去，每天都在探索和玩耍。Theadorablefemalecalfisthesecondblackrhinobornthisyearatthereserve,butitistooearlytotellifthecalveswillmakegoodcandidatestobereturnedtoprotectedareasofthewild.1).本句是一个由but连接的并列句。后面一个分句中，it是一个形式主语，正真的主语是后面的totellif...；其中tell后面接的是一个if引导的宾语从句。2).bornthisyearatthereserve是一个过去分词短语做后置定语，修饰rhino，相当于定语从句：thatwasbornthisyearatthereserve。.在“Itis/was+adj.+动词不定式”结构中，it是形式主语，后面的动词不定式是正真的主语。E.g.It'snotdifficulttomakeyourselfinterestingatadinnerparty.让你在晚宴聚会上有趣并不难。Itisalltooeasytoblametherailwayauthoritieswhensomethingdoesgowrong.一旦铁路上真出了问题,人们便不加思索地责备铁路当局。4).make用作连系动词，意为“成为”。E.g.Cooper’sgoingtomakeagooddoctoroneday.库柏终有一天会成为一名好医生。Fairytalesmakegoodlessonsforchildren.童话故事对孩子们很有教育意义。5).tobereturnedtoprotectedareasofthewild是动词不定式的被动语态形式做定语，修饰candidates。相当于定语从句：whowillbereturnedto...。动词不定式的被动语态形式（tobedone）做定语，表示将要发生的动作，且与其所修饰的名词之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。E.g.Theairporttobecompletednextyearwillhelppromotetourisminthisarea.明年即将完工的机场将促进这个地区旅游业的发展。We’rehavingameetinginhalfanhour.Thedecisiontobemadeatthemeetingwillinfluencethefutureofourcompany.半个小时后我们将举行个会议，会上作出的决定将会对我们公司的未来产生影响。用done做定语，表示被动与完成；用beingdone做定语，表示被动与进行：E.g.Themeetingheldyesterdayisveryimportant.昨天举行的会议很重要。Themeetingbeingheldnowisveryimportant.现在正在举行的会议很重要。【参考译文】这头可爱的雌性小犀牛是今年在保护区出生的第二头黑犀牛，但要判断这些小犀牛是否会成为返回野生保护区的好候选者还为时过早。ThefirstrhinotobebornatPortLympnearrivedonJanuary5tofirst-timemotherKisimaandweighedabout32kg.weigh是连系动词，表示“重......”，“重量是......”。E.g.Theboyweighs50kilos.这个男孩重50公斤。=Theboyis50kilos(inweight).【参考译文】1月5日，在林普恩港出生的第一头犀牛来到了它的第一位母亲基西马身边，体重约32公斤。AccordingtotheWorldWildlifeFund,theglobalblackrhinopopulationhasdroppedaslowas5500,givingtherhinosa“criticallyendangered”status.givingtherhinosa“criticallyendangered”status是现在分词短语做状语，表示结果，其逻辑主语是theglobalblackrhinopopulationhasdroppedaslowas5500这件事。相当于一个which引导的非限制性定语从句：whichgavetherhinosa“criticallyendangered”status。E.g.Millionsofacresofwetlandsweredriedtofeedandhousetheever-increasingpopulations,greatlyreducingwaterfowlhabitat.数百万英亩的湿地被抽干来解决不断增长的人口的吃与住，这极大地减少了水禽的栖息地。（=...,whichgreatlyreducedwaterfowlhabitat）Hebuildsmassivesculpturesoutofplasticgarbage,forcingviewerstore-examinetheirrelationshiptosingle-useplasticproducts.他用塑料垃圾建造巨大的雕塑，迫使观众重新审视他们与一次性塑料产品的关系。（=...,whichforcedviewerstore-examine...）【参考译文】根据世界野生自然基金(WWF)表示，全球的黑犀牛的数量已经锐减至5500头，这也使得犀牛处于“极度濒危的”状态。Theywerebroughttothereserveyoung.young是形容词做主语they的补语，用以说明主语they的情况。在“主语+不及物动词（非连系动词）+形容词（或名词）”结构中，形容词（或名词）用来说明主语的性质、状态、特征等，通常被称为主语补语。E.g.Theymarriedyoung.他们结婚时很年轻。Hecameindrunk.他醉醺醺地走了进来。Hediedhappy.他幸福地死去。Nomanisbornwise.谁也不是生下来就聪明的。Thefireisburninglow.火势开始变弱。Hecamehomesafe.他安全到家。Gerhandstoodtheremotionlessanotherminuteorso.格哈特在那里一动不动地又站了大约一分钟。WhenIcamein,Ifoundshefellunconsciousonthefloor.我进来的时候，发现他倒在地上，没有意识。这种主语补语也可以用名词来充当：E.g.Hediedapoorman.他死时很贫穷。Lincolnwasbornapoorfarmer’sboyanddiedPresidentoftheUnitedStates.林肯出生时是一个贫苦农民的儿子，死时则是美国总统。【参考译文】他们在年幼的时候被带到保护区。【答案】DCAD（祁兆国）【附：学案】精读高考真题(十六）高考英语真题是英语学习的宝藏，精读一篇远胜过刷题十篇。相较于教材、日常习题，高考真题的语料更加新颖、更有针对性。长期精读高考真题有利于增强英语学习的信心，从而极大提高学习英语的效率。一、真题再现PortLympneReserve,whichrunsabreeding(繁育)programme,haswelcomedthearrivalofarareblackrhinocalf(犀牛幼崽).WhenthetinycreaturearrivedonJanuary31,shebecamethe40thblackrhinotobebornatthereserve.AndofficialsatPortLympneweredelightedwiththenewarrival,especiallyasblackrhinosareknownforbeingdifficulttobreedincaptivity(圈养).PaulBeer,headofrhinosectionatPortLympne,said:“Obviouslywe’reallabsolutelydelightedtowelcomeanothercalftoourblackrhinofamily.She’shealthy,strongandalreadyeagertoplayandexplore.Hermother,Solio,isafirst-timemumandsheisdoingafantasticjob.It’sstillalittletoocoldforthemtogooutintotheopen,butassoonastheweatherwarmsup,Ihavenodoubtthatthelittleonewillbeoutandaboutexploringandplayingeveryday.”

Theadorablefemalecalfisthesecondblackrhinobornthisyearatthereserve,butitistooearlytotellifthecalveswillmakegoodcandidatestobereturnedtoprotectedareasofthewild.ThefirstrhinotobebornatPortLympnearrivedonJanuary5tofirst-timemotherKisimaandweighedabout32kg.Hismother,grandmotherandgreatgrandmotherwereallbornatthereserveandstilllivethere.AccordingtotheWorldWildlifeFund,theglobalblackrhinopopulationhasdroppedaslowas5500,givingtherhinosa“criticallyendangered”status.24.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthebreedingprogramme?

A.Costly.

B.Controversial.C.Ambitious.

D.Successful.25.WhatdoesPaulBeersayaboutthenew-bornrhino?

A.Shelovesstayingwithhermother.

B.Shedislikesoutdooractivities.

C.Sheisingoodcondition.

D.Sheissensitivetoheat.26.WhatsimilarexperiencedoSolioandKisimahave?

A.TheyhadtheirfirstborninJanuary.

B.Theyenjoyedexploringnewplaces.

C.Theylivedwiththeirgrandmothers.

D.Theywerebroughttothereserveyoung.27.WhatcanbeinferredaboutPortLympneReserve?

A.Therhinosectionwillbeopentothepublic.

B.Itaimstocontrolthenumberoftheanimals.

C.ItwillcontinuetoworkwiththeWorldWildlifeFund.

D.Someofitsrhinosmaybesenttotheprotectedwildareas.

（2021年全国甲卷B篇）二、语篇导读：本文的语篇类型是_________，主题语境为__________。文章主要介绍了________________________________________。三、重点单词（词性转换词、熟词生意词、超纲词）和短语1.reserven.2.runvt.runa...programmebedelightedwith...bedelightedtodo...areknownfor...headn.beeager(for)todo...first-timeadj.openn.warmupadorableadj.adorevt.return...to...protectedadj.protectedareasprotectv.tellvt.greatgrandmotheraccordingto...dropaslowas...criticallyadv.criticaladj.endangeredadj.criticallyendangeredendangervt.dangern.costly

adj.new-bornadj.ingoodconditionbesensitiveabout/to...beopento...thepublicaimtodo...continuedoing/todo...四、关键结构和长难句1.WhenthetinycreaturearrivedonJanuary31,shebecamethe40thblackrhinotobebornatthereserve.1).thetinycreature指代上一句中的arareblackrhinocalf。________________是上义词；___________________________是下义词。arareblackrhinocalf是______指；thetinycreature是_____指。2).句中的tobebornatthereserve是一个___________做___________，修饰______________。相当于定语从句：________________atthereserve。英语中，当名词前有序数词、first、next、last或形容词最高级修饰时，通常用动词不定式后置定语。E.g._____________one________________paysthemeal.最后一个到的人付饭钱。Thiscompanywas____________________________portableradiosaswellascassettetaperecordersintheworld.这个公司是世界上第一个生产便携式录音机和盒式录音机的公司。___________________holeever______________________onlandwentdown25,340feet.陆地上曾经钻的最深的洞深约25340英尺。___________man_____________mewassellingexpensivepensandwatches.下一个接近我的下一个男人正在卖贵的钢笔和手表。【译文】_______________________________________________________。AndofficialsatPortLympneweredelightedwiththenewarrival,especiallyasblackrhinosareknownforbeingdifficulttobreedincaptivity.1).especiallyas...是一个由as引导的________________。2).tobreedincaptivity是形容词difficult后面的_______________，as从句的主语_____________________是动词breed的____________语。英语里有一些形容词，如easy，fit，difficult，hard，awkward，convenient，impossible，pleasant，tough，unpleasant等，要求一个_____物动词来做它们的补足语。但在语义上，句子的主语便是动词不定式的______语。g.Shewasextremelydifficult_____________.很难使她称心如意。Jackiseasy_______________.杰克容易受愚弄。Mostofourfearsareunreasonable,buttheyareimpossible_____________.我们的恐惧大都是没有根据的，但是要把他们消除却是不可能的。当动词不定式中的动词是不及物动词时，需加上______：E.g.Heisdifficult_______________.他是很难对付的。Themanishard__________________.这个人很难共事。【译文】______________________________________________________。It’sstillalittletoocoldforthemtogooutintotheopen,butassoonastheweatherwarmsup,Ihavenodoubtthatthelittleonewillbeoutandaboutexploringandplayingeveryday.1).本句是一个由but连接的__________句。后一分句是一个________句：assoonas引导的__________________；主句为__________________，后面that引导的__________从句和doubt互为_________语。2).在“too+形容词（或副词）+to+动词原形”结构中，“to+动词原形”虽然形式上是______的，但在意义上却是________的。E.g.Bacteriaaretoosmall______________bythenakedeye.细菌太小，肉眼是看不见的。Thenewsistoogood______________.这消息太好了，简直叫人不能相信。Hewastooexcited__________________.他激动得一句话也说不出来。Butthesewereonlydaydreams,muchtooheavenly__________________.但是，这些愿望都只是白日梦，因为它们太美妙了，简直叫人不敢相信真的会实现。与此相似，在“too...for...”结构中，介词for后面的名词或名词短语往往也可以理解为具有_________的意义:E.g.Itistoohot___________.天太热，不能工作。You’redrivingtoofast________________.你开车太快，是不安全的。Butthesmokewastooblack_____________.然而烟太黑，不可能是稻草着的火。但“onlytoo...to+动词原形”却没有否定意义。这是因为onlytoo是一个固定短语，意思是__________________。类似的还有alltoo，buttoo，quitetoo等。E.g.Ishallbe________________pleasedtohelpyou.我非常高兴帮助你。I’m______________gladtohushthematterup.我很高兴把这件事隐瞒下来。Theyare__________________satisfiedtotaketheopinionsofotherswithoutthepainofthoughtforthemselves.他们都满足于不费脑筋思考就采纳别人的观点。Theyare_____________gladtodoso.他们很高兴这样做。3).句中forthemtogooutintotheopen是一个动词不定式的_________结构形式，them是goout的______语。for用于引出动词不定式的____________。E.g.Itisimpossible_______________________.我们坐飞机去是不可能的。___________________thediscussionwouldbeaconflictinterest.我们参加讨论，就会造成利害冲突。4).havenodoubtthat...意为____________、___________。doubt用作_____词，that引导__________从句E.g.Ihave_______________hewillovercomeallhisdifficulties.我毫不怀疑他将克服所有的困难。Thereis__________________theworldisgettingwarmer.地球无疑在变暖。【译文】_____________________________________________________。Theadorablefemalecalfisthesecondblackrhinobornthisyearatthereserve,butitistooearlytotellifthecalveswillmakegoodcandidatestobereturnedtoprotectedareasofthewild.1).本句是一个由but连接的______句。后面一个分句中，it是一个________，___________是后面的totellif...；其中tell后面接的是一个___引导的_______。2).bornthisyearatthereserve是一个_________形式__________，修饰_______，相当于定语从句：_________________thisyearatthereserve。.在“Itis/was+adj.+动词不定式”结构中，______是形式主语，后面的动词不定式是__________。E.g.______notdifficult__________yourselfinterestingatadinnerparty.让你在晚宴聚会上有趣并不难。_______isalltooeasy_________therailwayauthoritieswhensomethingdoesgowrong.一旦铁路上真出了问题,人们便不加思索地责备铁路当局。4).make用作连系动词，意为__________。E.g.Cooper’sgoingto________agooddoctoroneday.库柏终有一天会成为一名好医生。Fairytales_________goodlessonsforchildren.童话故事对孩子们很有教育意义。5).tobereturnedtoprotectedareasofthewild是_________的_________形式做______语，修饰__________。相当于定语从句：_________to...。动词不定式的被动语态形式（tobedone）做定语，表示______________，且与其所修饰的名词之间是逻辑上的_________关系。E.g.Theairport______________nextyearwillhelppromotetourisminthisarea.明年即将完工的机场将促进这个地区旅游业的发展。We’rehavingameetinginhalfanhour.Thedecision________________atthemeetingwillinfluencethefutureofourcompany.半个小时后我们将举行个会议，会上作出的决定将会对我们公司的未来产生影响。用done做定语，表示_____________；用beingdone做定语，表示_____________：E.g.Themeeting___________yesterdayisveryimportant.昨天举行的会议很重要。Themeeting______________nowisve