2018年4月自考00596英语阅读二试题及答案含解析

英语阅读（二）年月真题

0059620184

1、【问答题】PassageOneTheupsanddownsoflifemayseemtohaveno

predictableplan.Butscientistsnowknowthereareverydefinitelifepatterns

thatalmostallpeopleshare.Today,whenwelive20yearslongerthanour

great-grandparents,andwhenwomenmysteriouslyoutlivemenbysevenyears,it

isclearerthaneverthatthe“gameoflife”isreallyagameoftrade-offs.

Asweage,wetradestrengthforingenuity,speedforthoroughness,andpassion

forreason.Theseexchangesmaynotalwaysseemfair,butateveryage,there

aresomeadvantages.Soitisreassuringtonotethatevenifyou’vepassed

someofyour“prime”,youstillhaveotherprimeyearstoexperienceinthe

future.Certainimportantprimesseemtopeaklaterintime.WHENAREYOU

HEALTHIEST?Formen,from15to25;forwomen15to30.“Amanisinhis

bestshapeinthedecadebeforeage25,”saysNewYorkinternistDr.Donald

Tomkins.“Hismusclesarefirmest,hisresistancetocoldsandinfectionsis

highest,andhisbodyismostefficientinutilizingnutrients.”Women,for

reasonsscientistsdonotunderstand,getafive-yearbonus.Peakhealthbegins

todeclinewhenthebodyprocesscalledanabolism（cellgrowth）isovertaken

bytheoppositeprocess,catabolism（celldeath）.“Cellshavebeendying

sincebirth,”saysTomkins,“butinourlate20’s,theystartdyingfaster

thantheyarereplaced.”Also,muscleisreplacedwithfat.Womenalsoget

anadditionalbonusofgoodhealthlaterinlife.ThefiguresofNational

InstituteofHealthshowthattheonsetofsuch“oldage”diseasesas

arthritis,rheumatism,andheartailmentsdeniesthegenerallygreaterfitness

ofwomen:Lifeexpectancyformenisnow68.3;forwomen75.9.U.S.aging

authorityWilliamKannelsays,“Olderwomenwithlowbloodpressure

arepracticallyimportant.”However,psychologistsbelievethatbyentering

thecompetitivejobmarketinincreasingnumbers,womenmayeventuallygive

uptheirstatisticaladvantage.WHENAREYOUMOSTCREATIVE?Generallybetween

30to39,butthepeakvarieswithdifferentprofessions.Mozartwrotea

symphonyandfoursonatasbyageeight,andMendelssohncomposedhisbest-known

work,AMidsummerNight'sDream,at17.PsychologistH.C.Lehmanpresentsthe

yearsforpeakworkinmanyfields.Thoughthepeakinmostfieldscomes

early—mostNobelPrizewinnersdidtheirtopresearchintheirlate20'sand

30’s——creativepeoplecontinuetoproducequalityworkthroughouttheir

lives.Questions1-5arebasedonPassageOne.

答案：1.C2.C3.B4.A5.C

2、【问答题】PassageTwoTheageofgildedyouthisover.Today'sunder-

thirtiesarethefirstgenerationforacenturywhocanexpectalowerliving

standardthantheirparents.Reseintothelifestyleandprospectsofpeople

bornsince1970showsthattheylikelytofacealifetimeoflongerworking

hours,lowerjobsecurityandhitaxesthanthepreviousgeneration.Whenthey

leaveworklateintheeveningtheywillbemorelikelytoreturntoasmall

rentedflatthantoahouseoftheirown.When,eventually,theyretwillbeon

pensionsfarlowerinrealtermsthanthoseoftheirimmediateforebears.The

findingsarerevealedinastudyofthewaytheagingofBritain’spopulation

affectingdifferentgenerations.AntheaTinker,professorofsocialgerontology

atKing’sCollegeLondon,whoearnedoutmuchofthework,saidthegrowthof

theproportionofpeopleover50hadreversedthetraditionalflowofwealth

fromoldertoyoungergenerations.“Today’soldermiddle-agedandelderly

arebecomingthenewwinners,’’shesaid.“Theymaderelatively

smallcontributionsintaxbutnowmakerelativelybigclaimsonthewelfare

system.Generationsborninthelastthreetofourdecadesfacetheprospect

ofhandingovermorethanathirdoftheirlifetime'searningstocarefor

them.”Thesurgingnumberofolderpeople,manylivingalone,hasalso

increaseddemandforpropertyandpusheduphouseprices.Whileprevious

generationsfounditeasytoraiseamortgage,todaysunder-thirtieshaveto

livewiththeirparentsorrent.Iftheycanaffordtobuyahomeitismore

likelytobeaflatthanahouse.LauraLenox-Conyngham,28,grewupinalarge

houseandhermotherdidnotneedtowork.Unlikeherwealthyparents,she

graduatedwithstudentandpostgraduateloandebtsof£13,000.Shenowearns

about£20,000ayear,preparingfoodtobephotographedformagazines.Herhome

isaone-bedroomflatincentralLondonandshesubletstheloungesofa-bedto

herbrother.“Myfathertookpityandpaidoffmystudentdebts,”shesaid.

“ButIstillhavenopensionandnochanceofbuyingapropertyforatleasta

coupleofyears—andthenitwillbesomethingsmallinabadarea.Myonly

hopeisthetraditionaloneofmeetingarichman.”Thinker’sresearch

revealsLenox-Gonynghamisrepresentativeofmanyyoungprofessionals,

especiallyinLondon,Manchester,EdinburghandBristol.Questions6-10are

basedoftPassageTwo.

答案：6.A7.B8.D9.D10.B

3、【问答题】PassageThreeDisillusionmentwithgovernmentandpoliticshas

contributedtothepublic’sfascinationwiththemediansincreasedinterestin

thecharacterissue.Thepublic'sgrowingconcernwithcharactermaybe

consideredinstinctual.Toooften,inrecentpast,votershavereachedoutto

candidateswithneatlypackagedvirtues—characteristicstheyoftenfailto

haveinreality.ThereisanotherreasonwhytheAmericanpeoplehave

“encouraged”themediatoexplorethepoliticiansasneverbefore.Political

partieshaveseldombeenmoreinterchangeable.Ideologicaldifferenceshave

becomeblurred.Andthenation’ssocialandeconomicproblemsaretoo

complicatedtosubmittocleverpoliticalslogans.Consequently,mostofthe

candidatesnowplayitsafeontheissues,relyingontheirrhetoricalskills

toproducethegreatestnumberofsoundbitesthatsayaslittleaspossible.

Thecharacterissuebecomesawaytosellcandidatesandtosetthemapartfrom

eachother.Theissueofthemediaandcharacterraisesanumberofimportant

questions.Hasthemediagonetoofarinattemptingtodefinewhatcharacteris

andwhatroleitshouldplayinidentifyingthedifferencesbetweenpolitical

candidates?Aretheprintmediaandtelevisionreallyrespondingtothe

public'sgrowingdesireforagreater“needtoknow”theircandidatesorare

theymanufacturingeverything,nomatterhowtrivial,inhopeofsellingmore

newspapersorachievinghigherratingpoints?Isthemediabeingresponsiblein

definingtheroleofcharacterinapoliticalcampaign?Thegreatamountof

coverageandtheintensifyingcompetitionamongthenewsorganizationshaveled

tomorereportsaboutthecandidates9personalandespeciallysexuallives,

sayspoliticalscienceprofessorLarrySabato,authorofFeedingFrenzy.As

thebiggermoreimportantissuesbecomeincreasinglymorecomplicated,the

mediahasbeguntofocusmoreandmoreattentiononthetrifles.Characterno

longerbecomesaquestionofhowacandidatemayhandleaninternationalcrisis

orprioritizeadomesticagendabutwhetherthecandidatecheatedona

collegeexamyearsagoorcommittedadultery.Byelevatingcharacterasan

importantelementinthepresidentialelection,hasthemedialostsightof

properlydefiningcharacterandtheroleitshouldplayinidentifyingthe

bestcandidate?Questions11-15arebasedonPassageThree.

答案：11.A12.C13.B14.A15.B

4、【问答题】PassageFourAsthefirstgenerationsgrowupinawiredworld,

teenagershardlyknowatimewhencomputersweren’taround,andtheyleapat

thechancetospendhoursonline,chattingwithfriendsandsearchingtheweb

fortheirinterestedtopics.Sowhat?Butresearchersnationwideare

increasinglyconcernedthatteenagersarebecomingmoreisolated,lessskillful

atinterpersonalrelationships,andperhapsnumbtothesmall-or-big

cheatingthatissomuchapartofthee-mailworld.Researchersareasking

justhowthefuturesofteenagersarechangedwhensomanyofthemarespending

hoursontheInterneteachday,replacingface-to-facecontactwith

computercontact.Teens,whousedcomputersevenjustafewhoursaweek,

showedincreasedsignsoflonelinessandsocialisolation.Theseteenshave

fewerfriendstohangaroundwith,possiblybecausetheircomputertimehas

replacedthehourstheywouldhavespentwithothers.Theydon'tseeanything

strangeinthefactthatthecomputerscreenoccupiesacentralplaceintheir

sociallives.Theythinkschoolisstressfulandbusy.There’salmostnotime

tojusthangout.Talkingonlineisjustcatch-uptime.Manyteensacknowledge

there’sanunrealqualitytotheircyberspacecommunication,includingtheir

oddshorthandterms,suchasPOS（parentovershoulder）orLOL（laughing

outloud）.Thiscodeisconsideredaspartoftheexclusivesharedlanguage

thatteenagerslove.Whenitcomestoe-mailexchanges,teensalsoshow

aremarkabletoleranceforeachother'sexcusesortricks.Norare

theysurprisedwhenamereacquaintanceunloadsapersonalsecretthroughe-

mail.Nobodyseemstoexpecttheonlineworldtobethesameasthereal

world.Teenssaytheyalsoappreciatetheabilitytoeditwhattheysayonline,

ortakethetimetothinkaboutaresponse.Ascowardlyasitmayseem,

someteensadmitthataskingsomeoneforadate,orbreakingup,canbeeasier

inmessageform.Buttheyinsistthere’snoharmintended,andcyberspace

hasbecomejustanothermedium,likethetelephone,intheworldof

teenagers.Questions16-20arebasedonPassageFour.

答案：16.D17.D18.A19.D20.C

5、【问答题】Notallkidsarecutoutforcollege,despitetheexpectationsof

theirparentsorteachers.Andespeciallyinthebravenewworldofthe

21stcentury,notallkidsneedtogotocollegerightafterhighschool—or

ever—tosucceed,saysJ.MichaelFarr,authorofAmerica’sTopJobsfor

PeopleWithoutaFour-YearDegree.Andchancesare,youwillneedtraining

afterhighschoolthroughsomeformofalternativecareereducation.Onlyfour

ofthefastestgrowingoccupationsintheUnitedStatesrequireafour-year

degreeormore,saysUnger,authorofButWhatifIDon'tWanttoGotoCollege?

Butmanyoftheothers—homehealthaides,buildingmaintenance,teaching

aides—requirepost-high-schooltraining.Whichvocationaleducationand

trainingyou'llneed—andthecost—dependsuponthevocationyouchoose.

Publiccommunitycollegesoffersomeofthebestvocationaltraining,often

specializinginareassuchasthegraphicarts,hotelandrestaurantmanagement,

andbuildingtrades,accordingtoUnger.Fulltimetuitionaverages$1,200a

year,althoughtherangefromstate-to-stateis$600to$3,500.Vocational

trainingattechnicalinstituteswillbecostlier.Privatejuniorcolleges

average$7,000ayear,accordingtoUnger.Tuitionforprivate-for-profittrade

schoolsthatusuallyspecializeinonefield,suchashair-stylingorauto

mechanics,varieswidely,andUngerwarnsstudentstobewaryofunethical

operators.Notjustanyvocationaleducationortrainingwilldo.Thetrick

istofindreputable,high-qualityprogramsandtoavoidconartistsanddead-

endprograms,advisesUnger.Lookforprogramsthatareaccredited,offerin-

depthacademicandvocationalinstruction,teachrealskillsforrealjobs,

providehands-onworkexperience,helpstudentsinjob-hunting,andarelinked

topotentialemployers.Toooften,Ungerargues,parentspushtheirreluctant

childrentogotocollege.Manydropout.“Weareforcinghundredsof

thousandsofkidstogotocollegeandtheyclearlydonotwanttobethere,”

hesays.Whatabouthighschoolgraduateswhodon'twantcollegeanddon'tknow

whattodonext?Startbyvisitingyourschoolguidanceofficeorlibraryto

thumbthroughTheOccupationalOutlookHandbookpublishedeverytwoyearsby

theU.S.LaborDepartment.Itoffersnuts-and-boltsdescriptionsofjobsand

thetrainingrequired.Thinkaboutwhatinterestsyou—sports,music,

gardening,whatever—andwhatjobsletyoupursuethatinterest,advisesUnger.

Visitpeoplewhodothesejobs.Askquestions.

答案：21.especially22.alternative23.degree24.aides25.vocition

26.specializing27.range28.institutes29.trick30.reputable31.accredited

32.potential33.reluctant34.descriptions35.pursure

6、【问答题】ParagraphOneFoodmarketingbringstogethertheproducerandthe

consumer.Themarketingofevenasinglefoodproductcanbeacomplicated

processinvolvingmanyproducersandcompanies.Thesebusinessesincludenot

onlychickenandvegetableprocessorsbutalsothecompaniesthattransport

theingredientsandthosewhoprintlabelsandmanufacturecans.36.Thec______of

activitiesinfoodmarketing.

答案：chain

解析：原文讲的是食品营销的一系列活动，涉及到生产者、公司、加工商、运输商、商标

生产商、食品罐生产商。所以我们总结为食品营销链，因此填chain。

7、【问答题】ParagraphTwoAsleadersandprofessionals,wearecalleduponto

beatourbestallofthetime.Notonlydoweneedtomaintainandimprove

personalperformance,butweasprojectmanagersandprogrammanagersare

frequentlyresponsiblefortheperformanceofothers.Onechallengeishowwe

managemanyofourpositiveandnegativefeelingsthatinevitablycomeourwayin

thecourseofourprofessionalendeavors.37.Leadersandprofessionalsshouldknow

howtoc______theirpersonalfeelings.

答案：control

解析：根据本段最后一句Onechallengeishowwemanagemanyofourpositiveand

negativefeelingsthatinevitablycomeourwayinthecourseofour

professionalendeavors.可知，作为领导人物的一个挑战就是如何在完成专业大事中管理

必然会出现的积极和消极情绪。所以我们总结作为领导人物应该知道如何控制他们的感

受。因此填control。

8、【问答题】ParagraphThreeBothOxfordandCambridgeregularlycometopinany

rankingoftheworldsbestuniversities.Thetwouniversitiesbeganwithina

centuryofeachother.Unlikemostmodernuniversities,bothOxfordandCambridge

consistofalargenumberofcolleges.Throughthecenturies,bothuniversities

havemadehugecontributionstoBritishculturallife.Theyhaveproduced

greatwriters,worldleadersandpoliticians.38.Theg____ofOxfordand

Cambridge.

答案：greatness

解析：本段主要讲述牛津大学和剑桥大学作为世界顶尖学府培养出了伟大的作家、领导者

和政治家，为英国文化做出了突出贡献。所以我们总结为牛津大学和剑桥大学的伟大之

处。因此填greatness。

9、【问答题】ParagraphFourFromchildhoodBillGateswasintelligentand

competitive.Inschool,hehadexcellentrecordsinmathematicsandscience.It

wasaveryimportantdecisioninBill’slifethathisparentssenthimtoa

privateschool,anditwastherethathewasintroducedtoacomputer.BillGates

andhisfriendsformedthe''ProgrammersGroup”inlate1968.Inthenext

year,theygottheirfirstopportunityinInformationSciences.39.Theg____

ofBillGates.

答案：growth

解析：本段主要讲述的是比尔盖茨的成长经历，比如在上学期间擅长数学和科学，后来又

成立了“编程员小组”，再后来获得了研究信息科学的机会等等。因此填growth。

10、【问答题】ParagraphFiveDoyoucheckyourworkemailswhenyou’reon

holiday?Doyoucallyourcolleaguestoaskwhat’shappeningintheofficeeven

onadayoff?Whenyouseenosignalonyourmobilephoneinabusyshopping

centreornowifiinthehotelbythebeach,willyougetanxious?40.Typical

signsofaw_____.

答案：workaholic

解析：本段问了一系列的问题，比如休假时你会不会查看电邮？休息日你会不会给同时打

电话问单位当天都发生了什么？在购物中心手机没有信号或者在海滩的宾馆没有wifi，你

会不会焦虑？这些都是工作狂的典型标志。因此填workaholic。

11、【问答题】ParagraphSixThesinglelargestcauseofsickleaveintheUKis

notthecommoncoldorflu,butbackpain.Backpainaffectsoneinthree

Britishadults,andisnotoriouslydifficulttotreat.Traditionally,doctorsin

theUKhaveadvisedbackpainsuffererstodostretchingexercisesand

takepainkillerswhennecessary.Butnowanewsolution:acupuncturehas

beenofficiallyendorsedbytheNHS.41.B_____anditstreatments.

答案：Backache

解析：本段主要讲的是后背疼很难治愈，在英国三分之一的成年人都饱受后背疼的困扰。

以前医生会建议患者做伸展运动，必要时吃止疼片。而如今有了新的方法：针灸。因此本

段讲的是后背疼极其治疗方法。我们填Backache。

12、【问答题】ParagraphSevenDuringtelevision'sfirst20years,deafpeople

missedmostofthefun.Theycouldnothearwhatwasbeingsaidandhadtoguess.

Deafpeoplewhowatchedtelevisionlikedsportsandactionshows,butthey

weredisappointedwithotherprograms.Iftherewasalotofdialogue,even

themostskilledlip-readerscouldonlycatchpartofthetalking.42.Early

showsonTVf_____manydeafpeople.

答案：frustrated

解析：本段主要讲的是在电视出现的前20年，电视节目没有考虑到耳聋的观众，以至于

耳聋的观众失去了很多的看电视的乐趣。所以我们总结为早期的电视节目使很多耳聋观众

感到沮丧。因此我们填frustrated。

13、【问答题】ParagraphEightSummeristheidealtimeforoneofthegreat

outdooractivities,hiking.Itismuchmorethanjustagreatworkout.Youbreathe

inthefresh,cleanairwhilethecitylifeyouhaveenduredallweekjust

fadesaway.Whenhikinginthedeserts,yousuddenlyrealizethatlifeis

preciousandyouwillthinkdeeplyaboutyourlife.43.Hikingisab_____

activity.

答案：beneficial

解析：本段主要讲的是远足的好处。比如可以呼吸新鲜、干净的空气，忘却纷繁的城市生

活。或者在沙漠中远足能够顿悟到生命的可贵并深度思考生活的意义。所以我们总结为远

足是一项有好处的活动。因此我们填beneficial。

14、【问答题】ParagraphNineItisdifficulttoimaginewhatlifewouldbelike

withoutmemory.Themeaningsofthousandsofeverydayperceptions,thebasesfor

thedecisionswemake,andtherootsofourhabitsandskillsaretobefound

inourpastexperiences,whicharebroughtintothepresentbymemory.44.

Thef_____ofmemory.

答案：function

解析：本段主要讲的是记忆的作用，例如通过记忆，我们日常认知的意义、我们所做决定

的基础、我们的习惯和技能的根源才能传递到今天。所以我们总结为记忆的功能。因此我

们填function。

15、【问答题】ParagraphTenMostcommutersinMunich,Germany,spendhoursstuck

intrafficortryingtosqueezeintooneoftheovercrowdedsubwaytrains,every

morning,butfor40-year-oldBenjaminDavid,commutingisactuallya

relaxingexperience.Everyday,hejumpsintotheIsarRiverandswimstwo

kilometerstohisworkplaceinKulturstrand.45.Adifferentwaytoa_____heavy

traffic.

答案：avoid

解析：本段主要讲的是德国慕尼黑早高峰交通拥挤。四十岁的BenjaminDavid每天跳到

Isar河中，游2000英里，游到工作单位。所以我们总结为避免交通拥挤的别样方法。因

此我们填avoid。

16、【问答题】Ifyou'remakingapresentationofanysort,beginpreparingas

faraheadoftimeaspossible.Twodaysbeforeyourpresentationisusuallytoo

latetogointotheringandcomeupwithawinningidea.46.（Prepareyourself

aswellasyourmaterial,givingspecialattentiontoyourvoice.Withenergy

andenthusiasminyourvoice,thelistenerssayahhh,tellmemore.You

readapproval.）Likeyourvoice,yourappearanceisacommunicationtool.For

example,ifyouareanimated,youaremostlikelytoseeanimatedlisteners.You

givetheaudiencethemessage:I,mgladI’mhere;I’mgladyou’rehere.47\.

（Yourapproachcan,infactbeapowerfulweaponfordeflectinghostility—from

anaudience,aninterviewer,anemployer.AbenevolentaspectsaysIunderstand

andconveysgoodwillandpositiveexpectations.Itworks.）However,don’t

everassumethatanaudience,aninterviewer,yourbosswillbesympathetic.

Alwaysbepreparedforagrilling.Thinkbeforehandofthetentoughestquestions

youcouldgetandbereadywithyouranswers.Andremember,whenyou’veaskeda

hostilequestion,nevershowhostilitytoyourquestioner.Ifyoudo,youlose.

Onceyou'repreparedforasituation,you're50percentoftheway

towardovercomingnervousness.48.（Theother50percentisthephysicaland

mentalcontrolofnervousness:adjustingyourattitudesoyouhaveconfidence,

andcontrolofyourselfandyouraudience.）Iwasinthetheaterformanyyears

andalwayswenttoworkwithterriblestagefright—untilIwasin“TheKingand

I”.Whilewaitingoffstageonenight,IsawYulBrynner,theshow^star,pushing

inalungingpositionagainstawall.Itlookedasthoughhewantedtoknockit

down.“Thishe