第十二节名词性从句讲义-高三英语一轮复习

第十二节名词性从句〔真题演练〕1.[2022浙江1月]Cobb,forherpart,startedtoaskconferenceorganizerswhoinvitedhertospeakwhether/ifshecoulddosoremotely;aboutthreequartersofthetime,theyagreed.2.[2021全国新高考Ⅰ]issobreathtakingabouttheexperienceistheoutofthisworldscenes.3.[2020浙江7月]Overthousandsofyears,theybegantodependlessonwhatcouldbehuntedorgatheredfromthewild，andmoreonanimalstheyhadraisedandcropstheyhadsown.4.[2020江苏]Itisnotaproblemwhether/ifwecanwinthebattle;it’sjustamatteroftime.5.（经典高考）Whiletheyarerarenorthof88°,thereisevidencethattheyrangeallthewayacrosstheArctic,andasfarsouthasJamesBayinCanada.〔必备知识〕考点一主语从句连接词从属连词that,whether,if只起连接作用，不在从句中作成分，但一般不可省略。if不可以引导位于句首的主语从句。Whetherhewillattendthemeetingisunknown.他是否会参加会议还不知道。连接代词what,who,whose,which,whatever,whichever,whoever等who（ever）和what（ever）在从句中作主语、宾语或表语；which（ever）一般在从句中作主语、宾语；what,which,whose可在从句中作定语。Yoursupportisimportanttoourwork.Whateveryoucandohelps.你的支持对我们的工作很重要。你能做的任何事情都会有所帮助。连接副词how,when,where,why,whenever，wherever等在从句中作状语。Whenshe’llbebackdependsmuchontheweather.她何时回来主要取决于天气。it作形式主语①It＋系动词＋形容词（necessary/likely/important/certain等）＋that从句②It＋系动词＋名词（短语）（apity/ashame/nowonder等）＋that从句③It＋be＋过去分词（said/told/reported等）＋that从句④It＋特殊动词（短语）（occurto/happentosb....）＋that从句Itoccurredtohimthathehadanimportantconferencetoattendthenextmorning.他突然想到，第二天上午他有一个重要的会议要参加。考点二宾语从句连接词从属连词that,whether,ifThegoldmedalwillbeawardedtowhoeverwinsfirstplaceinthebicyclerace.这块金牌将颁发给这场自行车比赛中获得第一名的人。连接代词what,who,whose,which,whatever,whichever,whoever等连接副词how,when,where,why,wherever,whenever等it作形式宾语①动词（find/feel/think/consider/make等）＋it＋宾补（形容词或名词）＋that从句IhavemadeitarulethatIkeepdiaries.写日记成了我的习惯。②动词（hate/like/dislike/appreciate/enjoy等）＋it＋从句Ihateitwhenpeoplespeakwiththeirmouthsfulloffood.我讨厌人们嘴里满是食物时说话。③动词短语（seeto/dependon/relyon等）＋it＋that从句Wemustseetoitthatallpeopleareequalbeforethelaw.我们必须确保法律面前人人平等。④固定搭配（takeitforgranted/oweittosb.等）+that从句Itakeitforgrantedthathewillsucceed.我认为他会成功是理所当然的。考点三表语从句连接词从属连词that,whetherThisiswhatmyfatherhastaughtme—alwaysfacedifficultiesandhopeforthebest.这是我父亲教我的——总是要面对困难并寄予最大的希望。连接代词what,who,whose,which,whatever,whichever,whoever等连接副词how,when,where,why,wherever,whenever等asif/asthoughasif/asthough意为“好像,仿佛”,引导的表语从句常跟在系动词（be,seem,appear,look,taste,sound,feel,smell等）之后。若表语从句所述的是与客观事实相反的情况,从句常用虚拟语气;若所述的是事实或是极可能发生的情况,从句常用陈述语气。Atthattime,itseemedasthoughIcouldn’tthinkoftherightword.当时，我似乎怎么也想不出一个恰当的字眼来。becauseThis/That/Itis+because引导的表语从句意为“这/那是因为……”，表示原因。Fromspace,theearthlooksblue.Thisisbecauseaboutseventyonepercentofitssurfaceiscoveredbywater.从太空中看,地球看起来是蓝色的。这是因为约百分之七十一的地球表面都被水覆盖着。考点四同位语从句连接词同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语,一般位于该名词之后,说明该名词的具体内容。其连接词主要有that,whether,why,who,where,how,when等。在同位语从句中,that和whether不作句子成分,that无实际意义,whether表示“是否”；其他连接词具有实义，同时在同位语从句中作一定成分。引导同位语从句的连接词一般都不省略。Themanagerputsforwardasuggestionthatweshouldhaveanassistant.Thereistoomuchworktodo.经理提出了一个建议——我们应该有个助手。有太多的工作要做。常跟同位语从句的名词advice,fact,doubt,suggestion,hope,demand,conclusion,idea,news,order,request,thought,word,wish,promise,truth,information,message,belief,report,desire,problem,possibility等。易错提示1.that和what引导的名词性从句的区别that引导名词性从句时，在从句中不充当任何成分，也没有任何含义；而what引导名词性从句时，在从句中充当一定的句子成分，有实际含义。It’sashamethathehasmadesuchamistake.真遗憾，他犯了这样一个错误。IwilldowhatIcan（do）tohelphim.我将尽我所能来帮助他。2.whether和if引导的名词性从句的区别（1）whether引导的主语从句既可放在句首，也可放在句末，但if引导的主语从句只能放在句末，且前面需用it作形式主语。Whetheritistrueremainsaquestion.这是否真实依然是个问题。Itisunknownifhewillattendthemeeting.他是否会参加会议还不清楚。（2）whether和if引导宾语从句时，大多数情况下可以互换，但是如果直接与ornot连用或用于介词后时，只能用whether。Wedon’tknowwhetherornotshewasready.我们不知道她是否准备好了。I’minterestedinwhetheryou’vefinishedthework.我对你是否完成了这项工作感兴趣。（3）whether可引导表语从句和同位语从句，而if不可以。Thequestioniswhetheritisworthdoing.问题是它是否值得去做。Heoftenaskedmethequestionwhethertheworkwasworthdoing.他经常问我这项工作是否值得去做的问题。〔技巧点拨〕典例1ThestudentpletedthisexperimenttomakewhatProfessorJosephhadsaidetrue.典例2However,thereareproblems.Thebiggestoneisthattherearenotenoughlowpriceditems.〔分层特训〕Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.[2022广东广州综合测试三]Itwasn’tuntilIwasinmythirties,whileteachingmyyoungsonthebasicsofcooking,thatIrealizedwhathadhappened.2.[2022江苏泰州高三四调]WhatfollowedwastirelessworkbyShiandhisteam,plantingseveralspeciesofdroughtenduringtreesoversand.3.[2022河北衡水中学二调]Itishopedthatthenewdigitalizedtechnologieswillfacilitatethe“rebirth”oftheculturalrelics,andbringthemtomoreplacesworldwide.4.[2022江苏镇江高三期末]Heoncesaid,“Yesterdayishistory.Tomorrowisamystery.Todayisagift.Thatiswhyit’scalledthepresent.”5.[2022安徽黄山高三质检]Whoeverfinisheswithintheshortesttimewins.6.Itdoesn’tmatterwhetheryoupayincashorbycreditcardinthisstore.7.Asadiplomat，heoftenthinksofhowhecanreactmoreappropriatelyonsuchoccasions.8.Thatfashiondiffersfromcountrytocountrymayreflecttheculturaldifferencesfromoneaspect.9.Scientistshaveobtainedmoreevidencethatplasticisfindingitswayintothehumanbody.10.Somepeoplewhoseintentionistomakebigmoneyappreciatebeinggivenanychancetomultiplytheirine,believingthisiswheretheirhappinesslies.Ⅱ.语法填空[2022江苏盐城市高级实验中学高三全真模拟二]ACanadiansareextremelyenthusiasticaboutrenewableenergy,andpublicopinionis1clearly（clear）movingtowardsacleanenergyvisionforthefuture.Butwhenyoulookatthelatestpolls,therearestillsomemajorobstaclestoaggressiveclimateaction.You’veprobablyheardthatmostCanadianswantgovernmentstodomoreonclimate.That’swhattwothirdsofthepublictellpollsterswhen2asked（ask）.Butthesametwothirdswilltellyouthey’reprettysatisfiedandthinkthatCanadaisdoingadecentjobdealing3withclimatechange.It’snotbecauseCanadiansaren’tworried.Threequartersofthepublicareconcernedandthelevelofworryisrising—halfofusnowdescribeclimatechangeasa“veryseriousthreat”.Butmostpeoplethinkwe’realreadypulling4our（we）weight.Just25percentofCanadiansthinkwe’redoinglessthanour“fairshare”.Oneofthereally5worrying（worry）trendsinpublicopinionisthenumberofpeoplewhothinktacklingclimatechangeisalreadyalostcause.Abouthalfthepublicthinkwewon’tbeabletolimitclimateimpacts“beforeit’stoolate.”Just35percenthave6confidence（confident）ingovernments’creatingpoliciestoreducegreenhousegasemissions.Andanotherbigobstacleis7thatthemajoritydoesn’tyethaveamentalpictureofthepossiblepathwaysforward.8Butthereisgoodnewsinthelatestpublicresearch.Canadians’visionofthefutureisshiftingrapidly.Thereis9massive（mass）supportforrenewableenergy,acrossalldemographicsandacrosspartylines.Meanwhile,supportforfossilfuelexpansion10isdecreasing（decrease）atpresent.B（原创题）TheMinistryofEducationhaslaunchednewguidelinestorelievestudents’burden.Theministryin2021gavedetailed11suggestions（suggestion）onwhenstudentsshouldgotobedtoensuresufficientsleep.Teachersshouldcontroltheamountofhomework12assigned（assign）tostudentstomakesuretheycanfinishhomeworkatschool.Studentsdon’tneedtoetoschoolearlyandtheyhaveacertainamountofnaptimeatschool.Anothernewpolicyre