重庆市第一中学2023-2024学年高三下学期3月月考英语试卷

2024年重庆一中高2024届3月月考英语试题卷注意事项：1.答卷前、考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号码填写在答题卡上。2.作答时、务必将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷及草稿纸上无效。3.考试结束后，将答题卡交回。第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Howdidthemanfeelinthewater?A.Relaxed.B.Worried.C.Angry2.Whatistheprobablerelationship,betweenthespeakers?A.Friends.B.Motherandson.C.Classmates.3.Whatdidthewomanputonthetablefornoodles?A.Forks.B.Spoons.C.Chopsticks.4.Whatcoloristhecarthewoman’sfamilyalreadyhas?A.Blue.B.Silver.C.White.5.Whatarethespeakersdoing?A.Cookinginthekitchen.B.Shoppingforatent.C.Havingapicnic.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段对话，回答第6和第7两个小题。6.Wheredoesthisconversationtakeplace?A.Atasupermarket.B.Atarestaurant.C.Ataschool7.Howmuchisonepackofcookies?A.$5.B.$10.C.$20.听下面一段对话，回答第8至第10三个小题。8.Whatmightthespeakersbewatching?A.Afilm.B.Amatch.C.Aconcert.9.Whatdidthewomanbuy?A.Thepie.B.Thedrinks.C.Thetickets.10.Whycouldn’tthewomansleeplastnight?A.Shewasnervous.B.Shewashungry.C.Shewasangry.听下面一段对话，回答第11至第13三个小题。11.Howarethespeakersprobablygettinghome?A.Bycar.B.Bytaxi.C.Onfoot.12、Howmanypeoplearewaitingtoshowerinthemen’schangingroom?A.15.B.10.C.5.13.Whatwillthemandoafterliftingweights?A.Change.B.Swim.C.Shower.听下面一段对话，回答第14至第17四个小题。14.Whereisthewomangoingtobeliving?A.Inanapartment.B.Inadormitory.C.Inahouse.15.Whatistheclosesttothewoman’snewplace?A.Arestaurant.B.Acinema.C.Abeach.16.Whatdaywillthemanvisitthewoman?A.OnSunday.B.OnMonday.C.OnTuesday.17.Howlongwillittakethemanbybustoreachthewoman’snewplace?A.10minutes.B.30minutes.C.60minutes.听下面一段独白，回答第18至第20三个小题。18.Whatisthetalkmainlyabout?A.AhomesateB.Asmartphone.C.Asecuritycamera.19.Whichpanyhasmadeadoorbellwithacamera?A.Eufy.B.RingC.Trova.20.WhenwastheTrovaHomesafelaunched?A.InNovember.B.InJune.C.InJanuary.第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。ARainySummerBringsForecastofBrightColoursfortheAutumnNatureloverscanlookforwardtoparticularlydazzlingdisplaysofreds,ambers,butteryellowsandrussetbrownsthisautumn,saidtheNationalTrust.AndyJasper、headofgardensandparklandsattheNationalTrust,“UKisabouttobewrappedina“warmblanket”ofbeautifulcolours.Thisyear’ssummerweatherhashelpedresistthetrendofrecentdryones,soourplantsandtreesfinallyhadachancetohydrate(补水)andarenowgearingupforadazzlingshow.TheautumnspectacleislikelytostartinScotland,wheretemperaturestypicallydropthefastest,followedbythenorthofEnglandandNorthernIreland,withadominoeffectdowntherestofEnglandandWalesthroughtothesouthwest.”JohnLanyon,Glendurgan’sheadgardener,“Wehavereallyhighhopesforaspectacularautumndisplay,whichwillmakeupforlastyear’spoorseason.In2022thelackofrainandhightemperaturesputourtreesunderhugestressbeforeweexperiencedstrongwindsthatblewtheleavesoffbeforetheyhadachancetoturn.”TomHill,atreesandwoodlandadviserforsoutheastEngland,“Iwashopingforthefirst“normalautumn”inawhile.Ourgardensandwoodlandsinthesoutheastaredirectlyfacingtheimpactsofclimatechangeinthiscountry.TheoldertreesthatwecareforinLondonareparticularlyvulnerabletosufferingfromprolongeddroughts.”LukeBarley,thetrust’snationaltreesandwoodlandadviser,“Thecharitywasidentifyingtreeswithstresscausedbyyearsofdroughtandincreasinglywarmwinters.”1.Whichregionispredictedtoexperiencethestartoftheautumnspectaclefirst?A.Wales. B.NorthofEngland. C.Scotland. D.NorthemIreland.2.Whatcontributestothisyear’sspectacularautumndisplay?A.Lackofrain. B.Hightemperatures. C.Strongwinds. D.Wetsummer.3.Whicharemostsensitivetolongdroughts?A.TheoldertreesinLondon.B.Thetreeswithstress.C.Thegardensinthesoutheast.D.Thewoodlandsinthesoutheast.【答案】1.C2.D3.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述的是今年秋天自然界将呈现出特别炫目的色彩，报道了多位专业人士对此的期待和看法，并指出了气候变化对树木和园林的影响。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“TheautumnspectacleislikelytostartinScotland,wheretemperaturestypicallydropthefastest,followedbythenorthofEnglandandNorthernIreland,withadominoeffectdowntherestofEnglandandWalesthroughtothesouthwest.(这一秋季奇观可能会从苏格兰开始，那里的气温通常下降得最快，其次是英格兰北部和北爱尔兰，然后是英格兰和威尔士的其他地区，一直到西南部。)”可知，这一秋季奇观会从苏格兰开始。故选C。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据文章标题“RainySummerBringsForecastofBrightColoursfortheAutumn(多雨的夏天预示着秋天的灿烂色彩)”以及第二段“Thisyear’ssummerweatherhashelpedresistthetrendofrecentdryones,soourplantsandtreesfinallyhadachancetohydrate(补水)andarenowgearingupforadazzlingshow.(今年夏天的天气帮助抵御了最近干旱的趋势，所以我们的植物和树木终于有机会补充水分，现在正准备迎接一场令人眼花缭乱的表演。)”可知，今年秋季的壮观景色得益于夏季的湿润天气，为植物和树木提供了充足的水分，使它们能够充分生长并展现出美丽的色彩。故选D。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第四段“TheoldertreesthatwecareforinLondonareparticularlyvulnerabletosufferingfromprolongeddroughts.(我们在伦敦照顾的老树特别容易受到长期干旱的影响。)”可知，伦敦的老树对长期干旱最敏感。故选A。BItwasMay1945whenwhatwouldbeeoneofAmerica’smostmonhomecookingtechniquesfirstenteredtheEnglishvocabulary.Inhercookbook,HowtoCookandEatinChinese,55yearoldChineseimmigrantChaoYangBuweidescribedaprocessmoninChina,whereincookswouldcutmeatandvegetablesintosmallpiecesandthentumble(翻)themrapidlytogetheroverheat.“TheChinesetermforthetechnique,ch’ao,cannotbeaccuratelytranslatedintoEnglish,”Chaodecided,“Weshallcallit‘stirfry’forshort.”Thetermhassincetakenonalifeofitsown.Nowadays,stirfryingisn’tjustamethod—“stirfry”hasbeeitsowncategoryofrecipe.Chaocametocookingunexpectedly.ShemovedtoAmericawithherhusbandin1921afterherhusband,thefamedlinguistChaoYuenren,wasofferedajobatHarvard.BoredathomeandonlyabletospeakalittleEnglish,sheturnedtocookingdishesthatremindedherofChina.Sheeventuallyagreedwhenafriendearnestlypersuadedhertowriteacookbook,whichwasthentranslatedbyChao’sdaughterandpolishedupbyherlinguisthusband.Hercookbooksucceeded,goingintomultipleprintingsby1945.EnglishlanguageChinesecookbookshadbeenpublishedasfarbackas1911inAmerica,butChao’swasthefirstthatrefusedtoWesternizeChinesecooking.“I’llshowyouhowtocookcrabdisheswithrealcrabs,”Chaotoldreadersinapassagewheresheforbadethemfromusingseacrabsinplaceofthefreshwatervariety.Usingtheformer,shereasoned,wouldresultin“acaricature(夸张的描述)oftheChinesedish.”DuringChao’sera,itmighthavebeeneasierforforeigncooksinAmericatopleasetheAmericantastewithsubstitutions.SheworeherChineseheritagewithpride.Shedidn’tfollowsuit.ChaopioneeredanewcookingmethodinAmerica.Unwillingtopromise,shewasatruevisionary.Sadly,herdeathin1981didn’tmakeheadlinesdespitehercontributionstoAmericanfoodculture.Shortlythereafterevenhernameendedupfallingthroughpopculture’scracks.4.Whatcanbelearnedabout“chao”?A.Itisarecognizedcookingmethodnow.B.Itwasaccuratelytranslatedinto“stirfry”byChao.C.Itmeanstumblingmanybigpiecesofingredientsoverheat.D.ItwasamontermalreadyusedinAmericancookingbefore1945.5.WhydidChaoturntotraditionalChinesecookingwhenmovingtoAmerica?A.Shehappenedtotakeaninterestincooking.B.Shedidn’tknowanyAmericanwayofcooking.C.ShewasboredtostayathomeonlytolearnEnglish.D.Shemissedherhomelandandhercountry’scuisine.6.WhatisspecialaboutChao’scookbook?A.ItwasthefirsttobefaithfultorealChinesecookingandrecipes.B.ItwasthemostsuccessfulcookbookpublishedonChinesecooking.C.Itwasthefirsttoemphasizetheuseoffreshwatercrabsoverseacrabs.D.IttriedtopleasetheAmericantastesasothersimilarcookbooks.7.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesChao?A.Academicandunfailinglyhelpful. B.Pioneeringandculturallyproud.C.Recognizedandlinguisticallytalented. D.Adaptableandtechnicallyachieved.【答案】4.B5.C6.A7.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了ChaoYangBuwei，一位55岁的中国移民如何将“炒”（stirfry）这种烹饪技术引入美国，并在其后的岁月里，这项技术如何在美国流行开来。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段““TheChinesetermforthetechnique,ch’ao,cannotbeaccuratelytranslatedintoEnglish,”Chaodecided,“Weshallcallit‘stirfry’forshort.”Thetermhassincetakenonalifeofitsown.

(“这种技术的中文术语‘炒’无法准确地翻译成英文，”赵决定，“我们应该简称为‘炒菜’。”从此，这个词有了自己的生命。)”可知，“炒”被Chao准确地翻译成“炒菜”。故选B。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“BoredathomeandonlyabletospeakalittleEnglish,sheturnedtocookingdishesthatremindedherofChina.(在家里感到无聊，又只会说一点英语，于是她开始做一些让她想起中国的菜)”可知，Chao在移居美国时转向中国传统烹饪是因为她觉得呆在家里只学英语很无聊。故选C。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“EnglishlanguageChinesecookbookshadbeenpublishedasfarbackas1911inAmerica,butChao’swasthefirstthatrefusedtoWesternizeChinesecooking.(早在1911年，英文的中国烹饪书就在美国出版了，但Chao的书是第一本拒绝将中国烹饪西化的书)”可知，Chao的烹饪书忠实于真正的中国烹饪和食谱。故选A。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Usingtheformer,shereasoned,wouldresultin“acaricature(夸张的描述)oftheChinesedish.”DuringChao’sera,itmighthavebeeneasierforforeigncooksinAmericatopleasetheAmericantastewithsubstitutions.SheworeherChineseheritagewithpride.(她认为，使用前者会导致“对中国菜的夸张的描述”。在Chao的时代，在美国的外国厨师可能更容易用替代品来满足美国人的口味。她自豪地继承了自己的中国传统)”以及最后一段“ChaopioneeredanewcookingmethodinAmerica.(Chao在美国开创了一种新的烹饪方法)”可知，Chao具有开拓精神和文化自豪感。故选B。CYouprobablylove—oronceloved—aplaygroundButifyouhadbeenbornmorethan150yearsago,theplaygroundwouldn’thaveexisted.Childrenbackthencouldonlyplayinthestreets.Thatstartedtochangeinthelatenineteenthcentury.Citieswerestartingtogetsupercrowded,andtheycouldbedangerous.Kidscouldgetsickinsidedark,dirtyapartments.Outside,theyhadtododgehorses.MarieWarsh,alandscapehistorian,saysthatcrowdedciteswerearealcrisis.“Peoplesaid,let’screatespaceswherekidscanbesafeandgrowstrongandhealthy.”Thosespaceswerethefirstplaygrounds.TheystartedinEurope.Americancitiessoonbuilttheirown.Asandboxwasthemainfeatureatmostoftheseplaygrounds.Playinginthesand,kidscouldexerciseandlearnsocialskills.Citiesaddedslidesandmerrygoroundstoplaygroundsinthe1900s.Butwerekidsleftalonetohavefunontheirown?Noway!Adultswatchedoverthespaces.Theymanagedkids’fun.Inthisway,peoplebelieved,grownupsweretrainingkidstobegoodcitizensandgoodfutureworkers.After1945,alotchangedintheUnitedStates.“Suddenly,”saysWarsh,“peoplehadleisuretime.Andwegotthisideathatplayingcanbeasourceofpleasure.”Often,parentsleftkidsalonetoswingandseesawandspinwithoutanyonetellingthemhow.Butanotherbigshifthappenedinthe1960s.Manyfamiliesleftcities.Theymovedtothesuburbs.Warshsays,“Cityofficialstriedtofindwaystogetfamiliesistostay.Theythought,let’sgivekidscreativeplayspaces.”Then,playgrounddesignersaddedarttosparkimaginations.Therewasonlyoneproblem.Peoplestartedtonoticethataccidentshappenedonplaygrounds.Lotsofkidsfellastheyplayed.KeepingkidssafebecameakeydesigngoalTherefore,softmatscoveredhardground.Plasticequipmentwithroundedersreplacedmetalandconcretejunglegyms.Littlebylittle,playgrounddesignersgotmorecreative.Theyvaluespaceswherekidscanplayinlotsofways.“Wewanttogivekidsmorecontrolovertheirenvironmentandtheabilitytomakedecisions.”saysWarsh.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“dodge”inParagraph1mean?A.Ride. B.Feed. C.Catch. D.Avoid.9.Whathappenedtotheplaygroundsinthe1960s?A.artisticelementscouldbefoundintheplaygrounds.B.Moreandmoreplaygroundswerebuiltinthesuburbs.C.Thenumberofequipmentintheplaygroundsdecreased.D.Kidshadthefreedomtoplayindependentlyonplaygrounds.10.Whatledtothedeclineofmetalandconcretestructures?A.Lackofmaterials. B.Safetyconcern.C.Artisticpreference. D.Environmentalprotection.11.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?A.Theevolutionofplaygroundequipmentovertime.B.Thehistoricaldevelopmentofplaygroundsincities.C.Theoutdooractivitieswhicharesuitableforchildren.D.Theimportanceofoutdoorplayforkids’development.【答案】8.D9.A10.B11.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了游乐场的起源、发展、变化以及安全创新等方面内容，同时强调了游乐场在孩子成长中的重要性，以及设计师在游乐场设计中所需要考虑的安全和创意因素。【8题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线单词上文“Thatstartedtochangeinthelatenineteenthcentury.Citieswerestartingtogetsupercrowded,andtheycouldbedangerous.(这种情况在19世纪后期开始改变。城市开始变得超级拥挤，这可能很危险。)”可知，城市的街道开始变得危险。由此可知，划线单词指的是“躲避”马匹。选项A“Ride(骑)”；选项B“Feed(喂养)”；选项C“Catch(抓住)”；选项D“Avoid(避免)”。故选D。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Butanotherbigshifthappenedinthe1960s.Manyfamiliesleftcities.Theymovedtothesuburbs.Warshsays,“Cityofficialstriedtofindwaystogetfamiliesistostay.Theythought,let’sgivekidscreativeplayspaces.”Then,playgrounddesignersaddedarttosparkimaginations.(但另一个重大转变发生在20世纪60年代。许多家庭离开了城市。他们搬到了郊区。Warsh说：“市政府官员试图找到让家庭留下来的方法。他们想，让我们给孩子们创造性的游戏空间。”然后，操场设计师加入了艺术来激发想象力。)”可知，20世纪60年代许多家庭离开了城市，市政府官员为了让家庭留在城市，开始让操场设计师加入了艺术来激发想象力。故选A。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第四段“KeepingkidssafebecameakeydesigngoalTherefore,softmatscoveredhardground.Plasticequipmentwithroundedersreplacedmetalandconcretejunglegyms.(保证孩子们的安全成为主要的设计目标，因此，软垫覆盖了坚硬的地面。带有圆角的塑料设备取代了金属和混凝土的丛林健身房。)”可知，为了保证孩子们的安全，软垫覆盖了坚硬的地面。带有圆角的塑料设备取代了金属和混凝土的丛林健身房。因此，金属和混凝土结构的衰落是为了保证孩子们的安全。故选B。【11题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Youprobablylove—oronceloved—aplaygroundButifyouhadbeenbornmorethan150yearsago,theplaygroundwouldn’thaveexisted.(你可能喜欢或曾经喜欢过游乐场，但如果你出生在150多年前，游乐场就不存在了。)”、最后一段“Littlebylittle,playgrounddesignersgotmorecreative.Theyvaluespaceswherekidscanplayinlotsofways.“Wewanttogivekidsmorecontrolovertheirenvironmentandtheabilitytomakedecisions.”saysWarsh.(渐渐地，操场设计师变得更有创意了。他们重视孩子们可以以多种方式玩耍的空间。“我们想让孩子们更好地控制他们的环境和做出决定的能力。”Warsh说。)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要探讨了游乐场在城市中的历史发展。它描述了游乐场如何从最初的不存在，到十九世纪末在欧洲出现，随后在美国得到发展，再到后来在不同历史时期的变化，包括设施的增加、成人监督的减少、家庭居住地的变化对游乐场设计的影响，以及游乐场设计中对安全和创新的重视。故选B。DHowmanybossescouldrelyontheiremployeesthreateningtoquitinmassiftheywereabruptlyforcedout?SamAltmanreceivedsuchashowofsupportfrommorethan700staffafterhewasfiredfromOpenAIthathewasswiftlyrestoredtohispositionbytheboard.Butthislevelofloyaltyisnottypicalandmaynotalwaysbeagoodthing.Managementexpertssaystaffwhoareloyaltotheiremployerareinclinedtoinvestmoretimeandeffortintheirjobs,helpingtocreateanengagedandhigherperformingworkplace.Inturntheyreceivepronotionsandpayrises.Theyhaveagreatersenseofbelongingandpotentiallyalongercareeratthesameorganisation.Butitisnotallrosy.Peoplewhoaretooloyalaremorelikelytotakeactionsthataredeemedwrongtokeeptheirjobsandprotecttheiremployer,accordingtoa2021academicpaper.Theymightoverlookwrongdoingandbelesslikelytoexposecorruption.Loyaltyissometimesseenassuchaforceforgoodthatitcanbeusedtojustifybadbehavior.Oftenpaniesandseniorbossesaretherealwinneraofemployeeloyalty.ResearchledbyMatthewStanleyatDukeUniversity’sFuquaSchoolofBusinesspublishedthisyearfoundthatmanagersweremorelikelytoexploitloyalindividuals.Stanleyrecruitedalmost1,400managerstoreadaboutafictional29yearoldemployeecalledJohn,whoworkedforapanythatwastryingtokeepcostsdown.TheyhadtodecidehowwillingtheywouldbetoaskJohntoworklongerhoursandtakeonmoreworkwithoutmorepay.ResearcherscreatedvarioussituationsincludinglabellingJohnasloyalversusothertraitssuchashonestandfair.ManagersweremorewillingtoaskloyalJohntotakeontheburdenofunpaidwork.However,ConsultancyGallup’slateststateoftheworkplacereportshowedthathalfofthe122,416employeeswhotookpartinaglobalsurveywerelookingoutfornewwork.“Youcan’tguaranteeanyonewillstickaroundthesedays,”saysaconsultantwhoadvisesboards.Thisisparticularlytrueofyoungergenerations.Theytrusttheirbosseslessandarenotaspatientwhenitestocareerprogression,seeinglittlebenefitinkeepingtheirheadsdownandfollowingordersiftheydonotseeresultsquickly.12.WhatdoestheauthorwanttosaybymentioningSamAltmaninParagraph1?A.OpenAI’sstaffloyaltyisquitehigh.B.Staffloyalty’srosysideinthework.C.SamAltmancouldcountonhisemployees.D.Thislevelofloyaltyisnotalwaysgood.13.HowdidMatthewStanleyconducthisresearch!A.ThroughglobalsurveysconcerningafictionalemployeenamedJohn.B.BycreatingdifferentsituationstoaskJohntatakeonmoreunpaidwork.C.ByaskingmanagerstomakedecisionsaboutworkarrangementsofJohn.D.Byrecruitingmanagerstoreadfictionaboutworktraitslikeloyalandhonest.14.Whatcanyoulearnfromthepassage?A.Loyaltycanbeusedbymanagementtoexploitemployees.B.Youngergenerationsaremorepatienttowardstheiremployers.C.Employeeswhoareloyalaremorelikelytoreportwrongdoing.D.Loyaltytoanemployeralwaysleadstoapositiveworkenvironment.15.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.HowJobLoyaltyAffectstheWorkEnvironment?B.WhyStaffLoyaltyisNotAlwaysaGoodThing?C.AreLoyalEmployeesMoreLikelytobePromoted?D.DoesWorkLoyaltyHelpCareerProgressMoreQuickly?【答案】12.B13.C14.A15.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要针对员工忠诚度的问题，通过引用实例、研究数据和报告，分析了员工忠诚度的利弊，以及它对雇主和员工自身的影响。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Howmanybossescouldrelyontheiremployeesthreateningtoquitinmassiftheywereabruptlyforcedout?SamAltmanreceivedsuchashowofsupportfrommorethan700staffafterhewasfiredfromOpenAIthathewasswiftlyrestoredtohispositionbytheboard.Butthislevelofloyaltyisnottypicalandmaynotalwaysbeagoodthing.(有多少老板能相信，如果他们突然被迫离职，他们的员工会威胁集体辞职？SamAltman在被OpenAI解雇后，得到了700多名员工的支持，董事会迅速恢复了他的职位。但这种程度的忠诚并不典型，可能并不总是一件好事。)”可知，SamAltman在被OpenAI解雇后，得到了700多名员工的支持，董事会迅速恢复了他的职位。由此可知，作者在第一段提到SamAltman是为了说明员工忠诚在工作中的好的一面。故选B。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Stanleyrecruitedalmost1,400managerstoreadaboutafictional29yearoldemployeecalledJohn,whoworkedforapanythatwastryingtokeepcostsdown.TheyhadtodecidehowwillingtheywouldbetoaskJohntoworklongerhoursandtakeonmoreworkwithoutmorepay.ResearcherscreatedvarioussituationsincludinglabellingJohnasloyalversusothertraitssuchashonestandfair.ManagersweremorewillingtoaskloyalJohntotakeontheburdenofunpaidwork.(Stanley招募了近1400名经理来阅读一个虚构的29岁员工John的故事，他在一家试图降低成本的公司工作。他们必须决定他们是否愿意让John工作更长时间，承担更多的工作而没有更多的报酬。研究人员创造了不同的情境，包括给John贴上忠诚和诚实、公平等其他特质的标签。经理们更愿意让忠诚的John承担无偿工作的负担。)”可知，Stanley招募了近1400名经理来阅读一个虚构的29岁员工John的故事，从而决定他们是否愿意让John工作更长时间，承担更多的工作而没有更多的报酬。故选C。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第三段“ResearcherscreatedvarioussituationsincludinglabellingJohnasloyalversusothertraitssuchashonestandfair.ManagersweremorewillingtoaskloyalJohntotakeontheburdenofunpaidwork.(研究人员创造了不同的情境，包括给John贴上忠诚和诚实、公平等其他特质的标签。经理们更愿意让忠诚的John承担无偿工作的负担。)”可推断，管理者可能会利用员工的忠诚度，让他们承担更多的工作，甚至可能是无偿的工作，即管理层可以利用忠诚度来剥削员工。故选A。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Butthislevelofloyaltyisnottypicalandmaynotalwaysbeagoodthing.(但这种程度的忠诚并不典型，可能并不总是一件好事。)”、第二段“Managementexpertssaystaffwhoareloyaltotheiremployerareinclinedtoinvestmoretimeandeffortintheirjobs,helpingtocreateanengagedandhigherperformingworkplace.Inturntheyreceivepronotionsandpayrises.Theyhaveagreatersenseofbelongingandpotentiallyalongercareeratthesameorganisation.Butitisnotallrosy.Peoplewhoaretooloyalaremorelikelytotakeactionsthataredeemedwrongtokeeptheirjobsandprotecttheiremployer,accordingtoa2021academicpaper.(管理专家表示，对雇主忠诚的员工倾向于在工作上投入更多的时间和精力，这有助于创造一个敬业、高效的工作场所。反过来，他们也会得到好处和加薪。他们有更大的归属感，可能在同一家公司有更长的职业生涯。但也不全是美好的。根据2021年的一篇学术论文，过于忠诚的人更有可能采取被认为是错误的行动来保住工作和保护雇主。)”以及全文内容可知，在这篇文章中，作者主要讨论了员工忠诚度对雇主和员工自身的利弊影响，特别是强调了忠诚度并不总是好事，有时可能导致不良行为或对员工造成不公平的负担。选项B“WhyStaffLoyaltyisNotAlwaysaGoodThing?(为什么员工的忠诚并不总是一件好事？)”最能够概括文章的主要观点，即员工忠诚度并不总是积极的，有时也可能带来负面影响。故选B。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填人空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Emotionsplayacrucialroleinpeople’slives.Beingintunewithyouremotionsisagreatthing,anditcanleadtodeeperconnections.Nevertheless,whenyouremotionscontrolyou,theycanseriouslyaffectyourabilitytoperformandtothinkclearlyincrucialsituations.Youcan’tgetridofyouremotionspletely.____16____Focusonyourbody,notyourmindWhatdoesyourbodyfeellikerightnow?Payattentiontothefeelingoftheclothesonyourskin,andtrytoignoreanythoughtsthatyou’rehaving.____17____.Thenyoucanfindinnerpeace.____18____Ifyoufeelyourselfstartingtogetupsetorangry,headtothebathroomandlookinthemirrorforafewminutes.Asyoudo,focusontakingdeepbreathsandthinkaboutincreasingyourselfpassion.After2to3minutes,you’llprobablyfeelyourheartrateslowdownandyourbreathinggetalittlemoreeven.It’sagoodtooltouseatworkoroutinpubicwhenthingsgetalittleoverwhelming.DistractyourselfDosomethingengagingthatwillkeepyourmindoffyouremotions.____19____.Forexample,doapuzzle,readanewbook,tryawordsearch,ordosomeart.Themoreyoucankeepyourmindoffthings,thelessyou’llfocusonyouremotions.Worryaboutyourownproblems____20____.Ifyou’reanempatheticperson,listeningtoyourfriendsorfamilymemberstelltheirissueswilltakeatollonyou.It’sgreattocareaboutotherpeople,butit’salsookaytosetboundariesifyouneedtotakesometimeforyourself.A.LookatyourselfinthemirrorB.TakeashowerinthebathroomCHerearesomeusefultipsforyoutogetemotionalD.TrytopicksomethingthatreallyworkyourbrainE.ButyoucankeepemotionsfromtakingoveryourlifeF.ShoulderingtheburdensofotherscanreallywearyoudownG.Thiscanhelpyoucontrolemotionaleruptionginthemoment【答案】16.E17.G18.A19.D20.F【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些方法以帮助我们有效地管理情绪。【16题详解】根据上文“Nevertheless,whenyouremotionscontrolyou,theycanseriouslyaffectyourabilitytoperformandtothinkclearlyincrucialsituations.Youcan’tgetridofyouremotionspletely.(然而，当你的情绪控制你时，它们会严重影响你在关键情况下的表现和清晰思考的能力。你不可能完全摆脱你的情绪。)”可知，上文讲述的是如果让情绪掌控你的生活，那么会对你在关键情况下的表现和清晰思考的能力造成影响。选项E“Butyoucankeepemotionsfromtakingoveryourlife(但是你可以不让情绪控制你的生活)”延续上文内容，指出既然情绪控制你会对你有不好的影响，那么我们可以采取一些方法不让情绪控制你的生活，从而引出下文具体的建议。故选E。【17题详解】根据空前内容“Payattentiontothefeelingoftheclothesonyourskin,andtrytoignoreanythoughtsthatyou’rehaving.(注意衣服在皮肤上的感觉，尽量忽略你的任何想法。)”可知，上文讲述的是努力忽视自己的想法。选项G“Thiscanhelpyoucontrolemotionaleruptionginthemoment(这可以帮助你控制一时的情绪爆发)”中的“this”指的正是上文所提出的方法，也就是忽视想法，注意身体的感觉。指出这样做可以控制一时的情绪爆发。故选G。【18题详解】空处为小标题，为本段主要内容。根据下文内容“Ifyoufeelyourselfstartingtogetupsetorangry,headtothebathroomandlookinthemirrorforafewminutes.Asyoudo,focusontakingdeepbreathsandthinkaboutincreasingyourselfpassion.After2to3minutes,you’llprobablyfeelyourheartrateslowdownandyourbreathinggetalittlemoreeven.It’sagoodtooltouseatworkoroutinpubicwhenthingsgetalittleoverwhelming.(如果你觉得自己开始心烦意乱或生气了，那就去洗手间，对着镜子照几分钟。当你这样做的时候，专注于深呼吸，并考虑增加自己的同情心。2到3分钟后，你可能会感到心率减慢，呼吸变得更加均匀。这是一个很好的工具，可以在工作或公共场合使用，当事情变得有点难以应付时。)”可知，本段主要建议我们开始心烦意乱或生气的时候，我们就对着镜子练习深呼吸。选项A“Lookatyourselfinthemirror(照照镜子)”与本段内容相符，指的是要情绪失控的时候可以照照镜子，练习深呼吸。故选A。【19题详解】根据空前“Dosomethingengagingthatwillkeepyourmindoffyouremotions.(做一些有吸引力的事情，让你的思绪远离情绪。)”可知，空前建议我们做一些有吸引力的事情，从而使自己的思绪远离情绪。选项D“Trytopicksomethingthatreallyworkeyourbrain(试着选一些对你的大脑有用的东西)”延续上文内容，指的是做一些有吸引力的事情。同时选项中“somethingthatreallyworkyourbrain”与下文所举的例子“Forexample,doapuzzle,readanewbook,tryawordsearch,ordosomeart.(例如，做一个拼图，读一本新书，尝试一个单词搜索，或做一些艺术。)”一致，都是一些锻炼大脑的活动。故选D。【20题详解】根据下文“Ifyou’reanempatheticperson,listeningtoyourfriendsorfamilymemberstelltheirissueswilltakeatollonyou.It’sgreattocareaboutotherpeople,butit’salsookaytosetboundariesifyouneedtotakesometimeforyourself.(如果你是一个善解人意的人，听你的朋友或家人讲述他们的问题会让你付出代价。关心别人是件好事，但如果你需要给自己留点时间，设定一些界限也是可以的。)”可知，作者建议我们在关心别人生活的同时也要给自己一点时间多关心自己。选项F“Shoulderingtheburdensofotherscanreallywearyoudown(承担别人的负担真的会让你疲惫不堪)”与下文内容一致，指的是承担别人的负担会让自己疲惫不堪，我们也应该多关心自己。故选F。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。InChina,havingaportraitofthedeceasedatthefuneralholdsgreatsignifcance.WuMuliang,a24yearoldfromEastChinasFujianprovince,tookontheresponsibilityof____21____funeralportraitsforhisfellowvillagers.____22____,takingfuneralportraitsfortheelderswasnotpartofWu’splanwhenhefirstdecidedtoreturntothevillage.Heembarkedonthistask____23____.Withabackgroundinthenewmediaindustry,Wuwasoriginallylookingtomakevideoscenteredaroundagricultureandruralareas—topicsthatwere____24____bothonsocialmediaandatthestatelevel.____25____byhisgrandparentsuntilthethirdgradeofprimaryschool,Wusawthemonlyonceortwiceayearthereafter.Wu’sgrandfatherpassedawaynineyearsago.Atthattime,thefamilycouldn’tfinda____26____funeralportraitforhim,andithasalwaysbeena(n)____27____forthewholefamily.Theelderly,especiallythoseinruralareas,____28____havetheirpicturestakenandmostofthemhavetousetheonefromtheirIDcard.WhenWu’sgrandmaaskedhimtotakeafuneralportraitforher,hewasalittle____29____.However,whenhesawhergettingexcitedwhile_____30_____thedressforthephotoshoot,hechangedhismind.Inhissmallphilanthropic(慈善的)photobooth,Wutookfuneralportraitsnotjustforhisgrandmother,butalsoformorethanadozenotherelderlyvillagers.Whiletakingthese