初高中衔接单词识记有方法讲义

单词识记有方法无论中考高考，记单词是学习英语的必经之路。如何有效的记单词呢？单词无非音形义三个方面。读音和字形拼写，可以通过音标自主学习，然后根据音标识记拼写。然而学生老是学不会音标。所以，掌握音标是基础。必要时可以用汉语给音标注音。其次是词义的记忆，可以通过构词法扩展单词。但是必须先有一定的单词基础。此外，单词的识记还需要一定的策略。此文正是解决这三方面的问题，在此分享给大家。音节音节是最小的发音单位。一般说来，在英语中元音特别响亮，可以构成音节，辅音不响亮，不能构成音节。

一般来说，一个单词中有几个元音就有几个音节。每个音节都是由一个元音和它前、后的辅音构成。一个元音可构成一个音节，如I，ear.一个元音和一个或几个辅音结合也可以构成一个音节。survey[ˈsɜːveɪ]。划分音节规则：1.一个元音，一个音节result、establish2.两元音之间夹一辅音,辅音归后student、begin3.两元音之间夹两辅音,一个归前,一个归后album、winter4.辅音+l,m,n也成一个非重读音节little、noodle三步成音法：一读：逐个音标读出来；二配：辅元成对；三拼：见对先拼，无对读本音最后，把音标对照单词划音节，读出单词（注意重音符号）eg.1/fɜ:st/一读：/f//ɜ://s//t/；二配：/fɜ://s//t/(读本音)；三拼：/fɜ://s//t/=>first高中英语构词法归纳总结派生法（1）前缀①表示否定意义的前缀：a.纯否定前缀：un:unable,unemployment,unload,uncover,unhappy,untrue,unlike,unrest,unfairdis:dislike,disarm,disagree,disappear,disadvantage,dishonest,disability,discoverin,im,il,ir:incapable,inplete,incorrect,inconvenient,inexpensive,impossible,immoral,illegal,illogical,irregular,irrelativenon:nonsmoker,nonstop,nonviolent,nonmember,nonsenseb.表示错误的意义：mis:mistake,mislead,misunderstanding,misuse,misspell,mistrust,mistreatc.表示“反、防、抗”的意义：antiantiwarantitankantibodyantiJapanesecontracontramissile反导弹的contradict矛盾的countercounterrevolution反革命counterattack反击②表示空间位置、方向关系的前缀：a在……之上，向……：aboard,asidede在下，向下：decrease,degradeen在内，进入：encage（入笼）,enbed（上床）ex外部，外：exit,expand（扩张）,exportfore在前面：forehead,foreground,foreleg,forefootin,im向内，在内，背于：inland,inside,indoor(s),importinter在……间，相互：international,interaction,internet,interviewmid中，中间：midposition,midterm,midautumn,midnightout在外部，在外：outline,outside,outward(s),outdoor(s)over在上面，在外部，向上：overlook,overhead,overboard,overcoat,overdresspost向后，在后边，次：postscript（附言），postreading,postwarpre在前，在前面，提前：prefix（前缀）,preface（前言）,preposition,super在…..之上，超级：supernatural,superpower,supermantrans移上，转上，在那一边：translate,transform,transplant,transportationunder在…..下面，下的：underline,underground,underwater,undershirtup向上，向上面，在上：upward(s),uphold,uphill（上坡）auto自己，独立，自动：automobile,autobiographytele远离：television,telephone,telegram,telegraph,telescope③表示时间，序列关系的前缀：fore在前面，先前，前面：foreword,forecast,foretell,foresee,foreknow,mid中，中间：midnight,midsummer,midday,midautumnpost在后，后：postwar,postgraduate（研究生）,postdatepre在前，事先，预先：preheat,prewar,prehistory,preview,prebattlere再一次，重新：retell,rewrite,renew,reconsider,reuse,remarry,recycle,rebuild④表示比较程度差别关系的前缀：by副，次要的：byproduct（副产品）,bywork（副业）extra超越，额外：extraordinaryover超过，过度，太:overeat,oversleep,overpraise,overwork,overact（行为过分）under低劣，低下：undersize,undergrown,underproduction（生产不足）vice副，次：vicepresident,vicechairman⑤表示共同，相等意思的前缀：co共同，一起：coexist,cooperate,coworker,coactions,coauthor⑥表示某种状态，构成形容词、副词或动词：aafraid,alive,alone,asleep,ashamed,aloud,ahead,aside,alike,awake⑦表示分离，离开意思的前缀：a分离，离开：away,apartde离去，处去：depart,decolour⑧自我：selfselfprotect(ion),selfmade,selfcontrol⑨表示变换词类作用的前缀：bebefriend(v.和...交朋友）enenable,enrich,enlarge,encourage⑩表示数量关系的前缀：a.uni单一，一：uniform,unicellular（单细胞）b.bi二，两，双，bicycle，bilingual双语的，bimonthlytri三：triangle三角形c.semi半，一半：semiconductor,semicircle,semimonthly,semifinal（半决赛）d.centi百，百分之一：centimetere.kilo千，千分之一：kilometer,kilogram,kilowatt，kilowattf.micro微小：microsoft,microputer,microscope,microwaveg.multi许多，复，多数：multimedia,multicolored,multiculture,h.milli千分之一、毫：millimeter,milligrami.mini微小、微型：minibus,miniskirt,minipark（2）后缀①名词后缀：a.具有某种职业或动作的人：an,ian,ician……地方的人，精通……的人：American,Asian,Australian,Russian,Italian,historian,librarian,electrician,magician,technician,musician,politician（政客）,physicianant,ent……人：merchant,servant,assistant,agent,student,ee动作承受者：employee,examinee,payee,intervieweeeer从事于……人：engineer,volunteerer从事某种职业的人,某地区，地方的人：banker,observer,Londoner,villagersinger,driver,writer,speaker,traveller,buyeror……者：author,doctor,operator,actor,visitor,inventor,educatorar,ary……的人,从事……的人：scholar,liar,beggar,secretary,missionaryese……国人……地方的人：Chinese,Japanese,Cantonese（广东人）ess阴性人称名词：actress,hostess,princess,waitressist从事……研究者，信仰……主义者：pianist,munist,dentist,artist,chemist,socialist,typist,receptionisticist……家，……者,……能手：physicist,technicistlogist……学家，研究者：biologist,geologistb.构成具有抽象名词的含义：age状态，行为，身份及其结果，总称：courage,storage,marriage,percentageal事物的动作，过程：refusal,arrival,survival,denial,approval,trial,burialance,ence性质，状况，行为，过程，总量，程度：importance,distance,avoidance,appearance,performance,diligence,difference,absence,presence,existenceancy,ency性质，状态，行为，过程：frequency,urgency,efficiency,ity性质，状态，程度：purity,reality,equality,majoritybility动作，性质，状态：ability,possibility,probability,responsibilitydom等级，领域，状态：freedom,kingdom,wisdomery,ry行为，状态，习性，性质：bravery,slaveryhood资格，身份,年纪，状态：childhood,girlhood,boyhood,manhoodice行为，性质，状态：notice,justice,serviceing动作的过程，结果：building,writing,learningion,ation,ition,sion行为的过程，结果，状况：suggestion,action,solution,congratulation,dictation,invitation,pronunciation,examination,graduation,determination,preparation,imagination,explanation,opposition,petition,description,decision,division,conclusion,explosion,impression,expression,admission,permission,discussionment行为，状态，过程，手段及其结果：disappointment,treatment,movement,judgment,punishment,argument,agreement,government,developmentness性质，状态，程度：goodness,kindness,tiredness,friendliness,business,illness,happiness,goodness,willingness,weakness,fairnessism主义，学说，信仰，行为：socialism,criticism,heroism,tourism,munism,Marxism,capitalismship情况，性质，技巧，技能及身份，职业：hardship,relationship,membership,friendship,seamanship,ownership,scholarship,professorshipth,性质，状态：strength,length,width,depth,wealth,truth,growth,warmth,youthure行为,结果：exposure,pressure,failure,procedure,mixture，pleasurecraft工艺：aircraft,needlecraft,woodcraftc.带有场所，地方的含义：age住所，地点：village,cottageary住所，场地：library,granary(谷仓),galleryory工作场所，住处：factory,dormitory,laboratory,observatory②形容词后缀：a.带有“属性，倾向，相关”的含义：able,ible:movable,fortable,eatable,enjoyable,acceptable,reasonable,applicable,visible,responsible,terrible,horribleal:natural,additional,educational,nationalant,ent:distant,important,excellenting（表示特征：令人觉得）:moving,touching,interesting,exciting,disappointing,astonishing,boring,amazinged（表示情绪：觉得）:pleased,interested,surprised,worried,excited,bored,determined,delightedish:foolish,bookish,selfishive:active,impressive,decisive,active,instructive,expensive,progressiveb.表示“相象，类似”的含义：ish:boyish,childishlike:manlike,childlikesome:troublesome,handsome,awesomey:milky,cloudysunny,windy,rainy,foggy,healthy,wealthy,worthy,bloody,funny,dirty,lucky,noisy,salty,smelly,hillyly:manly,fatherly,motherly,sisterly,brotherly,daily,weekly,monthly,quarterly,yearly,friendly,lonely,orderly,lovely,lively,likely,scholarlyc.表示“充分的”含义：ful:beautiful,wonderful,successful,harmful,useful,careful,forgetful,mercifulous:dangerous,courageous,nervous,mountainous,humorous,variousd.表示由某种物质形成，制成或生产的含义：en:wooden,golden,woolene.表示方向的含义：ern:eastern,western,southern,northern,southeastern,northwesternward:downward,forwardf.表示“数量关系”的含义：teen:thirteenty:fiftyth:fourth,fiftiethg.表示国籍，语种，宗教的含义：an:Roman,Europeanese:Chinese,Japaneseish:English,Spanishh.表示否定：less:countless,stainless（不锈的）,wireless,useless,endless,priceless（无价的，贵重的）,i.proof防的:fireproof,bombproof,waterproof,soundproof③动词后缀：ize,ise做成，变成，……化：modernize,democratize,organize,apologize,realize,criticize,fertilizeen使成为，引起，使有：quicken,weaken,soften,hardenfy使……化,使成：beautify,purify,signify,simplify,satisfyen:使成为，引起，使有：enlargeenableencourageenjoyenrich④副词后缀：ly:possibly,swiftly,simplyward(s):downward,inwards,upwardways:always,sidewayswise:otherwise,clockwise注意：有的单词有双重后缀，如：use→useless→uselessness,self→selfish→selfishness,carelessness有的单词则是前后缀同时使用，如：important→importance→unimportance,success→successful→unsuccessful,regular→irregular→irregularityforget→forgettable→unforgettable,necessary→unnecessary→unnecessarity2．合成法（1）合成名词boyfriend,girlfriend,busdriver,necklace,playground,radioactive,headmaster,sunshine,notebook,armchair,wheelchair,postcard,football,spaceship,outbreak（2）合成形容词名词+动词过去分词：manmade,homemade副词+动词过去分词：wellknown,newlybuilt，narrowlyescape形容词+名词ed：kindhearted,coldblooded数词+名词ed：fivestoreyed,fourlegged名词+动词现在分词：Englishspeaking,Chinesespeaking,brainwashing由三个词构成的合成形容词：facetoface,twoyearold,eightmetrelong其他合成形容词：everyday,faraway,snowwhite,layoff3．转化法（1）名词→动词hand（手→传递）back（背部,后面→支持,后退）break（短暂休息→折断）charge（费用→收费）copy（抄本,复印件→抄写,复印）present（礼物→赠送）flood（洪水→淹没）heat（热量→加热paint（油漆→刷漆）phone（→打）pin（别针→装订）waste（废物→浪费）face（脸→面对）use（用途→使用）interest（兴趣→使兴趣）surprise（惊讶→使惊讶）taste（味道→品尝）smell（气味→闻）（2）形容词→动词clean（干净→使干净，打扫）clear（清楚→清理）dirty（脏→弄脏）free（自由→使自由，释放）dry（干燥→烘干，晒干）empty（空的→倒空）slow（慢的→放慢）warm（暖和→使暖和）quiet（安静→使安静）4.截短法(缩略法)1)截头telephone→phone，aeroplane→plane，omnibus→bus2)去尾advertisement→ad.mathematics→maths，examination→examkilogram→kilolaboratory→lab，taxicab→taxi3)截头去尾influenza→flu,refrigerator→fridge,Dr.=doctor;ad=advertisement5.混合法(混成法)Newsbroadcast→newscast新闻广播,televisionbroadcast→telecast电视播送smokeandfog→smog烟雾,breakfastlunch→brunch单词拼写三步走