山东济南高三上学期期末调研卷

B08山东省济南市2022届高三第一次模拟考试第一部分阅读(共两节,满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ATherearehundredsofnonprofitswelingstudentsundertheageof18asvolunteers.Intheseactivities,studentscandevelopimportantlifeskills,culturalawarenessandalifelongpassionforservice.UnionStationHomelessServicesWhetheryouvolunteerinourkitchenstopreparemealsorinourofficestohelpwithadministrativeprojects,youwillbeavaluablememberofourfamily.Wedoourbesttomatchvolunteerswithapositionthatsuitstheirinterestsandskills.MinimumAge:12Call:6262404550NortheastAnimalShelterTheNortheastAnimalShelter,establishedin1976,isoneofNewEngland'slargestnonprofitshelterswherethepetscanbetakengoodcareof.Wehaveplacedthousandsofdogsandcatssinceweopenedourdoors.Assoonasadogorcatarrives,ourstaffbeginsearchingfortheperfecthostforthem.Whilewaitingforawarmhome,thedogsandcatsreceivethebestofcare.MinimumAge:16Call:7459888305NeedhammunityFarmThemissionofNeedhammunityFarmistodeepenourmunity'sconnectiontonatureandthefoodsystembyprovidingfarmbasededucation,increasingaccesstohealthyproduceandencouragingenvironmentalprotection.MinimumAge:13Call:7814495300ArlingtonPublicLibraryServingmorethan1.5millionpeopleayear,ArlingtonPublicLibraryholdsmorethan600,000items,frombooks,eBooks,andDVDs,todigitalphotocollectionsandprovidesfundedkitsforparentsandteachers.Weonlyacceptthevolunteerswithmunityserviceexperience.MinimumAge:14Call:81745969001.Whichnonprofitcaresforpeopleinneed?A.ArlingtonPublicLibrary. B.NortheastAnimalShelter.C.NeedhammunityFarm. D.UnionStationHomelessServices.2.WhatwillvolunteersdoforanimalsinNortheastAnimalShelter?A.Cookhealthymeals. B.Buildperfecthomes.C.Findadoptivefamilies. D.Searchfortheirowners.3.WhatistherequirementforvolunteersinArlingtonPublicLibrary?A.Theyareskillfulatsortingoutitems.B.Theyoughttobeatleast12yearsold.C.Theyhaveexperienceinmunityservice.D.Theyshouldbecapableoftakingdigitalphotos.BManyofushaveheardofAlexHonnold,whomadehistoryin2018whenhebecamethefirstmantoclimbElCapitanwithoutropesorsafetyequipment.Buthismother,DierdreWolownick,justbecametheoldestwomantoconquerthefamouspeak:shereachedthetoponSeptember23—themorningofher70thbirthday.Dierdre,thewriterandlanguageteacher,decidedtotakeupclimbingasameanstoconnectmorewithherson.In2008,acpaniedbyhersonAlex,shevisitedaclimbinggymandpleted12routesthatfirstdaywithhishelp,butitwasmonthsbeforesheworkedupthecouragetoreturnandpractiseonherown.Dierdrebecamemittedtothesport,andbegantomeetfriendsandsharpenherskills.Shescaled(登上)partsofHalfDomeandCathedralPeakatatimewhenmanypeopleatheragearethinkingaboutretirementandslowingdown.ThewriterwouldgoontopublishabookaboutherclimbingexperienceswithAlexcalledTheSharpEndofLife:AMother'sStory.“Asamother,Iamimpressedbythisroleexchangeprocess.Parentsandchildrenoftenwindupchangingrolesinlifeastheygetolder,”shewritesinherbook.“Butnever,Ithought,isthattransformationasobviousaswhentheyclimbtogether.”OnSeptember23,Dierdreandherfriendssetoutinthedark,at6a.m.Therouteissteep(陡峭的)enoughtorequireallfours,grabbingrocksandtreesandwhateverelsewillholdtheweight.Yetdespitealldifficulties,theteammadeittothetop.“Itwasreallyinspiringtowatchherandthentohaveherontopwithallofus,”saidoneofDierdre'sfriends.“Therewasaspeciallookoneveryone'sface.Weknewwherewewere.Weknewhowamazingthemomenttrulywas.”4.WhydidDierdrestartclimbingmountains?A.Toknowhersonbetter.B.Tocelebrateherbirthday.C.Toseekwritinginspiration.D.Tosetanexamplefortheold.5.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesDierdre?A.Patient. B.Courageous. C.Intelligent. D.Generous.6.WhatdoesthelastparagraphtellaboutDierdre'sclimbingjourney?A.Itwasworththeefforts.B.Ittookdaystoplete.C.Itwasarrangedonherown.D.Itrequiredspecialequipment.7.Whatmaybeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.MountainClimbingBenefitsHealthB.MotherGoesBeyondHerSon'sWishC.ClimbTogether,BondCloserD.Slowdown,BetterYourLifeCNewsmartwheelchairsaredesignedtoallowusersmorefreedomofmovement.Someevenallowthemtoraiseorlowertheseatsortogoupanddownstairs.Now,Scewo,aSwisspany,hasdesignedtheirfuturisticmotorizedwheelchairScewoBrothatisapletesolutionwithmultitaskinginnovation.ThissmartwheelchairissoadvancedandmultifunctionalthatitwontheDesignPrizein2018andhasbeenrecognizedasapioneerinthemedicaltechnologyindustry.Withclearlydefinedlinesandareductiontotheessentials,thedesignteamdevelopedacleardesignlanguage.Thatway,ScewoBroisseenasanewgenerationofwheelchairsatfirstglance.ScewoBrouserscancontrolthewheelchaireitherbyatouchinterface(界面)orasmartphone.Theycanswitchfromonetotheotherandcanalsochoosefromthreedifferentmodes:parkmode,drivemode,andtrackmode.Thisallowsforanyterrain(地形)andforpeoplewithmobilitydisabilitiestobeindependent.Builtwithsafetyinmind,theseatalwaysbalancesitselfsotheuserstaysinasittingposition.Thisfeatureallowsuserstodealwithdifferentterrainswithouttheriskoftippingover.Besides,thefootrests,seat,andarmrestsaredesignedtobefortableandadjustable.Thesmartwheelchaircangoupto35kilometresononechargeandcango10kilometresperhour.Ifabreakisneeded,justputthechairintotherelaxationposition.Thesmartwheelchaireswithtwosecurestorageareasforpeopleonthegotostorevaluables.Itcanfitinthetrunkofacarandcanbechargedinjustfivehours.ScewoBroisavailableinSwitzerland,Austria,andGermany.Whilethefirstbatch(首批)hassoldout,peoplecanpreorderfordeliveryattheendof2021.Thisfuturisticwheelchairwillallowforincreasedmovementandabetterqualityoflifeforpeoplewithmobilityissues.8.Whatdoweknowaboutthewheelchair?A.Ittargetsmedicalworkers.B.Itfeaturesmorefunctions.C.Itisdesignedforhouseholduse.D.Itisthefirstmotorizedwheelchair.9.WhatismainlydiscussedaboutthewheelchairinParagraph3?A.Itsdesignphilosophy. B.Itsworkingprinciple.C.Itscustomerexperience. D.Itsfashionableelements.10.HowdoestheauthorintroducethewheelchairinParagraph4?A.Bygivingexactfigures. B.Bymakingparisons.C.Byofferingexamples. D.Bylistingreasons.11.Whatcanbeinferredfromthetext?A.Thewheelchairneedsfurtherimprovement.B.ThepanyScewoisanonprofitorganization.C.Thewheelchairuserscanmovearoundindependently.D.Thedesignteamhasbeenawardedmanydesignprizes.DWhenpeoplehear“ArtificialIntelligence(AI),”manythinkofbigdata.ThereasonisthatsomeofthemostsignificantAIbreakthroughshavereliedonenormousdatasets.ButAIisnotonlyaboutlargedatasets,andresearchinsmalldataapproachesinthepastdecadehasgrownextensively,withTransferLearning(TL)(迁移学习)asanespeciallypromisingexample,whichishelpfulinsettingswhereyouhavefewdataonthetaskofinterestbutsufficientdataonarelatedproblem.SmalldataapproacheslikeTLoffernumerousadvantagesovermoredataintensivemethods.BytheuseofAIwithfewerdata,theycanfacilitateprogressinareaswherefewornodataexist,suchasinforecastingnaturaldisastersthatoccurrelativelyrarely.Moreimportantly,TLisofgreathelpintermsofgeneralization.AchallengeintheuseofAIisthatmodelsneedtogeneralizebeyondtheirtrainingdata—thatis,togivegood“answers”toamoregeneralsetof“questions”thanwhattheywerespecificallytrainedon.TLmodelsworkbytransferringknowledgefromonetasktoanother,sotheyareveryhelpfulinimprovinggeneralizationinthenewtask,evenifonlylimiteddataareavailable.AIexpertssuchasAndrewNghavestatedthattheapproachwillbethenextdriverofgettingmachinelearningsuccessinindustry.Therearesomeearlysignsofsuccessfuladoptionandithasbeenappliedforcancerdiscoveryandmuchmore.Despitetheincreaseinresearch,TLhasreceivedrelativelylittlevisibility.Whilemanymachinelearningexpertsanddatascientistsarefamiliarwithit,techniquessuchasTLdonotseemtohavereachedtheawarenessofthebroaderspaceofpolicymakersandbusinessleadersinpositionsofmakingimportantdecisionsaboutAIfundingandadoption.

ByacknowledgingthesuccessofsmalldatatechniqueslikeTLandsupportingtheirwidespreaduse,wecanhelpoveresomewidespreadmisconceptionsregardingtheroleofdatainAIandpromoteinnovationinnewdirections.12.WhatdoestheauthorthinkofTL?A.Itisapotentialtechnique.B.Itisofhelpinlargedatasets.C.ItisanimportantAIbreakthrough.D.Itisareliablesolutiontomultitasks.13.InwhichaspectdoesTLshowitsadvantages?A.Acquiringknowledge. B.Discoveringquestions.C.Collectingtrainingdata. D.Improvinggeneralization.14.WhatdoestheunderlinedpartinParagraph4probablymean?A.TLhaslittlevalue. B.TLisaheatedtopic.C.TLdrawspublicattention. D.TLisnotwellrecognized.15.What'sthepurposeofthistext?A.Toclarifysomemisconceptions.B.Tointroduceasmalldataapproach.C.TopredictthepromisingfutureofAI.D.Toemphasizethesignificanceofdata.第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。It'seasytosticktoeatingthesamefoodseveryday,especiallyifyoulovethem.16

Eatingthesamefoodscanleadtonutritionalshortage.Ourbodiesneedawiderangeofnutrients,andeatingawidevarietyoffoodscanhelpusmeetourbody'sneeds.17Almosteveryonewouldagreethat“eattherainbow”isagoodruleofthumb.Don'tforgetfrozenvegetablesarejustashealthyasfreshandtheydon'tspoilasquickly.

Yourimmune(免疫)systemwillgethurtifyoukeepeatingthesamefoods.AccordingtoastudypublishedintheBritishJournalofNutrition,theenhancednutritionfromavarieddietseemstoboostimmunity.18Peoplewhosedietshavelittlevariationaremorelikelytogetsickduetoaweakenedimmunesystem.

Stickingtoeatingthesamefoodsleadstofoodboredom.19Itshouldbesomethingyoulookforwardto.Changingupwhatyoueatexposesyoutogreatnewfoodsandnewrecipes,andhelpsbringbackthefunineating.

20Weseealotofpeoplefocusonasinglenutrientorfoodbecauseitattractsmediafame.Andwhileallfoodsaretobecelebratedfortheiruniquenutritionalquality,assigningyourselftoalimitedlistoffoodsbecausetheyarethemostwellknownorwelldescribedwillboxyouinandcloseyouofffromvariousothervitalnutrients.

A.Foodshouldbefun!B.Thishelpspeopleresistinfections.C.Butitmaynotbethebestthingforyourhealth.D.Youshouldeataplantbaseddietandeatlessmeat.E.Eatingthesamefoodsrestrictsyournutritionalsources.F.Thoughtasty,theycan'tprovidethenutritionyouneed.G.Eatthecoloursoftherainbowwhenitestofruitandvegetables.第二部分语言运用(共两节,满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。AschoolinSarajevoismakingheadlines.The21beganinSeptember,2020,MirzanaCoralicrequestedtheprimaryschoolinherneighbourhoodto22hersixyearoldson,Zejd,whohasa23disability.Theteacher,SanelaLjumanovic,acceptedalmost24,butonthefirstdayofschool,shenoticedZejdsittingallbyhimself,unableto25withanyone.

Sanela,determinedtofinda(n)26,trieddevelopingafewtricksandsigns.Butaparentofanotherchild27abetteridea—gettingthewholeclassto28signlanguagealongwithZejd.Theygotasignlanguageteacher,andthreemonthslater,Zejdwashappilyabletomunicatewithallhisclassmatesabout29thingslikehomeworkandgames.

Theotherkidsintheclassarequitehappyaswell.“I30tolearnZejd'slanguagesoIcantalktohimandotherdeafpeople,”saidoneofhisclassmates.Now,signlanguageisgettingquite31attheprimaryschool,withkidsfromotherclasses32tolearnaswell.Itishopedthatitcanbe33asapartoftheofficialcourse.

“Signlanguageisgreatbecauseit34municationandalsohelpschildrenbeemore35topeoplewithdisabilities,”saidSanela.

21.A.report B.message C.article D.story22.A.admit B.adopt C.invite D.defend23.A.learning B.speech C.hearing D.sight24.A.conditionally B.passively C.personally D.immediately25.A.cooperate B.interact C.pete D.stay26.A.solution B.explanation C.theory D.alternative27.A.selected B.imagined C.presented D.favoured28.A.enjoy B.create C.design D.learn29.A.regular B.formal C.plex D.professional30.A.afford B.like C.prepare D.wait31.A.popular B.confusing C.challenging D.practical32.A.failing B.hesitating C.trying D.helping33.A.described B.known C.defined D.included34.A.enables B.shows C.stresses D.studys35.A.polite B.sensitive C.grateful D.thankful第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Diwali,knownasthefestivaloflights,isaHindu(印度的)festival36(hold)inhonourofLakshmi,thegoddessofwealth.Ithaslongbeenaculturalholiday,duringwhichpeoplegettogether,haveparties,givegiftstoeachotherandgenerallyprayfor37betterofffuture.Forsomemunities,thedayafterDiwali38(mark)thebeginningofthenewyear.

ItsdateschangeeachyearbecausetheyarebasedontheHindulunarcalendar,but39(typical),thefestivaliscelebratedinOctoberorNovember.The40(celebrate)usuallylastsforseveraldays.Peoplewilloftenlinecandlesandlampsthroughouttheirhousesandalongtheirdriveways41(light)upthesurroundings.

ForHindus,Diwaliisatime42charitablegivingandselflessservice.Theyarerequiredtoreflecton43theyaregratefulforandhowtheycanshinelightonothersaswell.Hindustraditionallyperformadeepcleaningoftheirhomesandsurroundings,ascleanliness44(believe)tobeaprayerforthepresenceofwealthandwellbeing.Hindusalsocelebratewithcolourfulpatternsofflowers,powder,riceorsandonthefloor,45ismeanttobringgoodluck.

第三部分写作(共两节,满分40分)第一节(满分15分)假定你是新华国际学校的学生李华,你校拟组织学生本周末去博物馆参观“中国百年成就”展,请你用英语写一则通知,要点如下:1.活动目的;2.活动安排(时间、交通方式等);3.参加人员。注意:1.写作词数应为80左右;2.参考词汇:中国百年成就China's100yearAchievements。第二节(满分25分)阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。Ella'sFirstFashionCreationEllawaswearinganewdressandshefeltlikeafamousmodel.Evenbetter,itwasadressshemade!Herveryfirstpie