新概念英语第三册Lesson-4-知识讲解(具体、含练习及答案)

新概念英语第三册Lesson4ThedoublelifeofAlfredBloggs知识讲解重点:本课书重点词汇、句型词汇辨析：getmarried与bemarried；invent、discover、find与create关于“倍数”的表达；too...to.../so...that的表达等难点：worth的用法教学目标：能理解课文大意、掌握课文中重点词汇、句型能辨析相关近义词汇理解worth的用法、记住worth的用法误区教学过程：【生词、短语学习】doubleadj.两倍的,双重的manualadj.体力的〔=physicaladj.身体的,物质的〕manual

work体力工作=physicalworkmental

work脑力工作例句：体力工作和脑力工作都需要能量。有时脑力工作比体力劳动更消耗能量。collarn.衣领white-collaradj.白领阶层的,脑力劳动者〔thosewhodo

mental

work〕blue-collaradj蓝领阶级的,工人阶级的〔thosewhodo

manual

work〕gethot

underthe

collar怒气冲天例句：Hegothotunderthecollarwhenheknewthattheylaughedathim.当他知道他们嘲笑他的时候，他怒气冲天。sacrificevt.牺牲，献出〔to

give

up

for

good

purpose〕--sacrifice

one's

life

for

the

country为国家献身--sacrifice

time牺牲时间、奉献时间sacrificen.牺牲〔--make

many

sacrifices〕即学即用：伟大的人往往不在意为别人奉献一切。过去的牺牲使他赢得了别人的尊重。privilegen.好处〔=advantagen.优势,有利条件,利益〕--sacrifice

one's

advantage/privilege牺牲掉某人的好处privilegen.特权,特别待遇〔=special

right〕--give

sbthe

privilege

of

doing

sth特许某人做某事privilegeda.荣幸的=honored--Weareprivilegedtonighttohaveourheadmasterasourspeaker.即学即用：能出席你的婚礼我感到很荣幸。公司要开展的好，就不能给任何人特权。你愿意义务地帮助穷人吗？dustmann.清洁工corporationn.公司=companyindustry企业、工业overallsn.工作服showern.淋浴secretn.秘密adj.秘密的,隐秘的confidentialadj.机密的keepsth

secret保密--It's

between

you

and

me.此事只介于你我之间。--I'll

keep

it

to

myself.我会保守秘密的。in

secret私下里〔=secretly,in

private,privately〕--I

was

told

about

it

in

secret.in

the

secret知道内情--He

was

in

the

secret

from

the

beginning即学即用：他那么有信心，一定知道内情。在座的每个人务必保守这件事。虽然他们是师生，但私底下却是好朋友。statusn.地位〔=social

position〕statuen.雕像,塑像〔Lesson3〕risen.发生,出现lossn.损失fellown.伙伴,朋友,同事adj.同伴的,同事的,同道的【课文讲解】1.These

days,

people

who

do

manual

work

often

receive

far

more

money

than

people

whowork

in

offices.people

who

do

manual

work=blue-collar

workerspeoplewhodo

mental

work=white-collar

workers=people

who

work

in

officesfor

more

money〔far副词用来加强语气=much〕例句：高尚的〔gracious〕穷人比势利的夫人更值得让人尊重。2.People

who

work

in

offices

are

frequently

referred

to

as

"white-collar

workers'

for

thesimple

reason

that

they

usually

wear

a

collar

and

tie

to

go

to

work.refer

to...as

=

regard...as把...看作为--I

always

refer

to

him

as

bookworm〔n.书呆子〕for

the

simple

reason=for

引导的原因状语从句 “出于这个原因”for

the

reason

that〔后加从句〕多用于正式文体，because多用于口语中。--Heisreferredtoasabookwormforthesimplereasonthathesparenoeffortsreading.--Hewassenttoprisonforhecouldnotpayhisdebts.即学即用：努力奋斗的人更容易被视为成功者。〔用定语从句表达〕因为他脾气暴躁，所以他老婆跟他离婚了。〔getdivorcedwithsb〕出于这个原因，他决定一览长城。3.Such

is

human

nature,

that

a

great

many

people

are

often

willing

to

sacrifice

higher

pay

for

the

privilege

of

becoming

white-collar

workers.human

nature人性such...that...〔that引导同位语从句,进一步补充说明such的根本内涵〕--His

kindness

was

such

that

we

will

never

forget

him.=Such

was

his

kindnessthatwe

will

never

forget

him.〔such在句首要倒装〕=Hewassokindthat

we

will

never

forget

him.--Such

is

human

nature

that

we

want

to

get

a

lot

of

things

free.〔进一步说明是什么样的humannature〕介词for表示一种目的be

willing

to

do

sth=be

ready

to

do

sth心甘情愿做beunwillingtodosth不愿意做某事例句：不愿意为别人牺牲时间的人往往很难取得成功。这就是他的精神，不管做什么事情都永不言弃。4.This

can

give

rise

to

curious

situations,

as

it

did

in

the

case

of

Alfred

Bloggs

who

worked

asa

dustman

for

the

Ellesmere

Corporation.give

rise

to=〔leadtov.导致,通向〕表示“导致、引起”的词汇还有：resultin、cause--Such

conduct

might

give

rise

to

misunderstandings.这种行为会引起误解。--The

bad

conditions

have

given

rise

to

a

lot

of

crimes.不良的环境引起了犯罪。in

the

case

of就...来说,关于,就...而言〔=concerningprep.关于,涉及,就...说〕--Stealing

isno

shame

in

the

case

of

him.偷窃对他来说不是一件可耻的事。in

case

of〔副词〕万一,以防〔incaseconj.万一〕incaseof+名词以防万一incasethat+句子--You

should

ensure

your

house

in

case

of

fire.〔ensurevt.保证;担保,保险〕--Takeumbrellaincaseofrain带上雨伞以防下雨。who引导定语从句即学即用：带上雨伞以防下雨。〔用that引导从句〕我们不得不小心谨慎以防意外事情的发生。条条大道通罗马。他永不屈服的精神使他战胜了病痛。5.When

he

got

married,

Alf

was

too

embarrassed

to

say

anything

to

his

wife

about

his

job.too

embarrassed

to

say太为难而没有说明be

ashamed

of感到羞愧,惭愧--Alfwasashamedofhisjobasadustman.Sbis/aretoo+adj+todosth=sbis/sreso+adj+that+从句太……了以至于不能……Itistoo+adj+forsbtodosth对某人来说太……了以至于不能……--Heistootiredtowalkanylonger.他太累了，再也走不动了。=Heissotiredthathecouldn’twalkanylonger.--Itwastoodifficultforhimtofinishthetaskwithin2days,butheisabletodothateasilynow.在过去，对他来说在两天内完成任务太难了，但现在他能轻松地做到。marry强调动作--He

married

the

girl.他娶了这个女孩。get

married强调过程--Lastyeartheygotmarried.be

married

〔to

sb〕强调状态--The

old

man

has

been

married

to

his

wife

for

50

years.即学即用：他已经结婚五年了。你打算什么时候结婚呢？这部电影太感人了，以至于所有人都流泪了。对我们来说，在1小时内写1篇作文不是难事。6.He

simply

told

her

that

he

worked

for

the

Corporation.simply副词--用来修饰限定动词told，“仅仅”--JeanValjeanwasputintoprisonjustforthereasonthathehadstolenapieceofbread.冉阿让被判入狱，仅仅是因为他偷了一块面包。7.Every

morning,

he

left

home

dressed

in

a

smart

black

suit.dressed

in

a

smart

black

suit穿上一身漂亮的黑色西装dressed分词作状语=wearing--He

go

to

work

dressed

in

a

beautiful

coat.--He

left

home

wearing

a

smart

black

suit.即学即用：那天他穿着一套极其奇怪的衣服去火车站。那天他穿着一套极其奇怪的衣服。8.He

then

changed

into

overalls

and

spent

the

next

eight

hours

as

a

dustman.changed

into换上、变为changebackinto换回刹那间，天气由晴转阴。春天到了，树木又重新绿了起来。9.Before

returning

home

at

night.

He

took

a

shower

and

changed

back

into

his

suit.Before

returning

home=Before

he

returned

homebefore和动名词搭配,相当于before引导的时间状语从句。如果运用动名词形式，动名词的逻辑主语必须是主句的主语--After

getting

home,he

had

a

good

rest.--Before

having

dinner,he

finished

all

his

homework.takeashower淋浴、洗澡=takeabath即学即用：Beforegettingdark,hegottothetrainstation.〔改正病句〕在见到你之前，我已经听说你那天会去图书馆。Alfdid

this

for

over

two

years

and

his

fellow

dustmen

kept

his

secret.Alf's

wife

has

never

discovered

that

she

married

a

dustman

and

she

never

will,

for

Alf

has

just

found

another

job.He

will

soon

be

working

in

an

office.she

never

will=she

will

never

discover

the

secret在省略句式中,never要放在助动词之前--“will

you

go

to

see

her?”--“I

will

never

to

to

see

her"="No,I

never

will."discover发现辨析：invent--discover-find-createinvent创造〔过去不存在的事物〕、编造、捏造discover发现〔本来就存在却不为人所知的〕find发现、得到、找到create经过努力/劳动使事物从无到有。create主要意思是“创造”，即产生新的东西，其对象往往是精神上的。如艺术、文学作品中的人物以及新的科学领域等，也可指创造出新的具体事物。invent主要意思是“创造”，是指产生前所未有的东西，其对象往往是物质性的。inventionn.创造inventorn.创造家discover主要意思是“发现”，其对象是一直存在但以往未被人们发现或了解的东西。如元素、地域或客观规律等。discoveryn.发现discoverern.发现者find主要意思是“发现，找到丧失的人或物”，或指“感到”。即学即用:①TheideathatGod______theworldiswrong.②ThomasEdison______thefirstsmallelectriclamp.③Theynever______howtoopenthisbox.④Iwasverysurprisedto______youwereinthebus.11.He

will

be

earning

only

half

as

much

as

he

used

to,

but

he

feels

that

his

rise

in

status

is

wellworth

the

loss

of

money.half

as

much

ashalf/a

quarter/twice/three

times+as...as...表示倍数--I

won't

marry

a

man

who

is

twice

as

old

as

me.--We

got

three

times

as

many

people

as

we

expected.--This

room

is

about

three

times

as

large

as

that

one.是...的几倍：...as+形容词或副词原形+as...比...多几倍：...times+形容词或副词比拟级+than…--This

road

is

four

times

longer

than

that

one.这条路是那条路的5倍长。=This

road

is

five

times

as

long

as

that

one.What

he

obtained

is

well

worth

the

loss

of

time.他的所得是值得花时间的。well

副词用来加强语气,修饰形容词worth即学即用：这本书是那本书的3倍厚。〔用两种方法表达〕他现在住在东莞，东莞是广州的三分之一大。跟“倍数”有关的表达法还有："A+be+倍数+the+计量名词+of+B"例句：Afriendofminewasmakingtwicethesalaryofcollegeinstructorsduringherfirstyearinthatcompany.我的一个朋友在那个公司工作的第一年挣的钱就已经是大学教师薪水的两倍了。〔2〕"The+计量名词+of+A+be+倍数+that+of+B"例句：Intightturnsandrecoveringfromdives,theforceitcanpullisninetimesthatofgravity.在急转弯和俯冲后拉升时，他的拉力能到达重力的9倍。〔3〕表示增长的倍数比拟关系可以用“动词+by+数词/百分比/倍数”来表达。例句：Ghana’spopulationhasbeengrowingby3.2percentayear.加纳的人口一直在以每年3.2%的速度增长。From

now

on,

he

will

wear

a

suit

all

day

and

others

will

call

him

'Mr.

Bloggs',

not

'Alf'.fromnowon从现在开始fromthenon从那时开始【难点把握】worth〔值得〕的用法◆用法一：犯不上跟她生气。误：She’snotworthtogetangrywith.正：She’snotworthgettingangrywith.析：(be)worth后接动词时，该动词不能用不定式，而用动名词。注：这类结构在现代英语中也可改用形式主语it，如上面的误句也可改为：Itisn’tworthgettingangrywithher.再如：Thefilmisworthseeing./Itisworthseeingthefilm.(这部电影值得看)。◆用法二：这本书很不错，值得再读一遍。误：Thebookisexcellent.It’sworthreadingasecondtime.正：Thebookisexcellent.It’sworthbeingreadasecondtime.析：(be)worth后接动名词时，即使该动名词具有被动意味，也总是用主动形式。◆用法三：这个博物馆值得你去看看。误：Youareworthvisitingthemuseum.正：Itisworthyourwhilevisiting[tovisit]themuseum.析：如以上两例所析，worth后接动词时要用动名词，但是注意这类结构有以下特点：①句子主语通常就是其后动名词的逻辑宾语；②假设句子主语不是其后动名词的逻辑宾语，那么其主语就应是形式主语it。另外注意：与worth后接动词必须用动名词不一样，worth(one’s)while后接动词时可用动名词也可用不定式(且这类句型的主语通常是形式主语it〕。◆用法四：这个方案很值得一试。误：Theschemeisveryworthatry.正：Theschemeiswellworthatry.析：要加强worth的语气，习惯上不用very，而通常用well。◆用法五：这台脑不值你付的那些钱。误：Thecomputerisnotvalue[valuable]whatyoupaid.正：Thecomputerisnotworthwhatyoupaid.析：value＝价值(是名词)，valuable＝有价值的(是形容词)，两者均不能后接what从句。而worth(值得……的)后面可以加名词短语、带逻辑主语的动名词以及what从句。即学即用：长城值得游览。〔用两种方法〕他不值你为他说的那些话。西湖值得你去看看。〔用两种方法〕【课后作业】“倍数”练习将以下句子译成英语。根底练习1.他的手有孩子手的四倍大小。2.他们的屋子大约是我们的三倍大小。3.资费一般是固定的2到4倍。提高练习1.这个热电站比那个热电站大三倍。2.铁的重量几乎是铝的三倍。3.新扩建的广场为以前的四倍大。通过玻璃传输的激光发射光可以传送高达标准线25万倍的数据。单词提示：玻璃glassfiber、lasershooting激光射线、线telephonewire二、时态综合训练〔〕1.I

like

my

new

bike.

It

______

very

well.

A

rides

B.

is

riding

C.

is

ridden

D.

has

ridden

〔〕2.Cotton

______

nice

and

soft.

A.

is

felt

B.

is

feeling

C.

feel

D.

feels

〔〕3.The

world

______.

Things

never

stay

the

same.

A.

changes

B.

is

changing

C.

was

changing

D.

will

change〔〕4.---

Have

you

ever______

Lintong

to

see

the

Terra

Cotta

Warriors?

---

Yes,

I

have.

A.

went

to

B.

gone

to

C.

been

in

D.

been

to

〔〕5.I'm

sorry

you've

missed

the

train,

It______10

minutes

ago.

A.

left

B.

has

left

C.

had

left

D.

has

been

left

〔〕6.

---

Who

cleaned

the

blackboard

yesterday,

Dick?

---

John

____________.

A.

cleaned

B.

does

C.

did

D.

is

〔〕7.—Mum?

May

I

go

out

and

play

basketball?

—______

you_____

your

homework

yet?

A.

Do;

finish

B.

Are;

finishing

C.

Did;

finish

D.

Have;

finished

〔〕8.—Oh,

Mrs

King,

your

necklace

looks

nice.

Is

it

new?

—No,

I______

it

for

two

years.

A.

had

B.

have

had

C.

bought

D.

have

bought

〔〕9.—Will

your

mother______

you

if

you______

the

English

exam?

—Of

course

not.

Because

I

am

trying

my

best.

A.

be

angry

with,

don't

pass

B.

be

angry

with,

won't

pass

C.

be

angry

to,

don't

pass

D.

be

angry

to,

won't

pass〔〕10.Listen!

Some

of

the

girls

__________

about

Harry

Potter

.

Let's

join

them!

A.are

talking

B.

talk

C.

will

talk

D.

talked

〔〕11.Our

teacher

,

Miss

Chen,

__________

English

on

the

radio

the

day

before

yesterday.

A.

teaches

B.

taught

C.

will

teach

D.

had

taught

〔〕12.I

don't

think

I

__________

you

in

that

dress

before.

A.

have

seen

B.

was

seeing

C.

saw

D.

see

〔〕13.

She

will

have

a

holiday

as

soon

as

she

___________

the

work

next

week.

A.

finishes

B.

doesn't

finish

C.

will

finish

D.

won't

finish

〔〕14.---Where

is

Mr

Green

now

?

I

haven't

seen

him

for

a

few

days.

---He

___________

to

Hong

Kong.

A.

goes

B.

will

go

C.

is

going

D.

has

gone

〔〕15.

When

she

was

22

years

old,

her

dream

to

be

a

teacher

____________.

A.

came

true

B.

come

true

C.

came

real

D.

come

real

〔〕16.-I

won't

come

to

the

party

unless

Sue

______,

too.

-You

mean

if

Sue

comes

you'll

come?

A.will

invite

B.

invites

C.

invited

D.

is

invited

〔〕17.-Do

you

still

have

a

headache,

Billy?

-No,

it's

______.

I'm

all

right

now,

mum.

A

.dropped

B.

run

C.

left

D.

gone

〔〕18.-What

are

on

show

in

the

museum?

-Some

photos

______

by

African

children.

A.

are

taken

B.

were

taken

C.

taken

D.

have

been

taken〔〕19.A

talk

on

Chinese

history

___

in

the

school

hall

next

week.

A.

be

given

B.

has

been

given

C.

will

be

given

D.

will

give

〔〕20.

You

may

go

fishing

if

your

work

____________.

A.

is

done

B.

will

be

done

C.

has

done

D.

have

done

〔〕21.

The

Olympic

Games,

first

celebrated

in

Athens

in

1896,

every

four

years

_______sofar

thiscentury,

except

during

the

two

world

wars.

A.

are

held

B.

were

held

C.

have

been

held

D.

had

been

held

〔〕22．A

new

cinema

____here.

They

hope

to

finish

it

next

month.

A.

will

be

built

B.

is

built

C.

has

been

built

D.

is

being

built

〔〕23The

new

suspension

bridge

___by

the

end

of

last

month.A.has

been

designed

B.

had

been

designed

C.

was

designed

D.

would

be

designed

〔〕24．Visitors

______not

to

touch

the

exhibits.

A.

will

request

B.

request

C.

are

requesting

D.

are

requested

〔〕25.—

Were

they

good

to