英语-2022届高三年级下册开学摸底考试卷B（新高考专用）（考试版）

绝密★考试结束前

2022届高三下学期开学摸底考试卷B（新高考专用）

英语

（满分150分）

（考试时间：120分钟试卷满分：150分）

注意事项：

1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。

2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮

擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。

3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）

做题时，请先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题

卡上。

第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）

听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完

每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。

例：Howmuchistheshirt?

A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.

答案是Co

1.What'swrongwiththewoman?

A.Shehasheartdisease.B.Sheoftengetsheadaches.C.Herbloodpressureistoohigh.

2.Howmuchisthecarnow?

A.$7,000.B.$3,000.C.$10,000.

3.WhatwilltheweatherbelikeinCentralEuropetomorrow?

A.Windy.B.Stormy.C.Sunny.

4.WhatwillBillycleanfirst?

A.Hisbike.B.Thegardentable.C.Hisfootballboots.

5.Whendothespeakersplantomeet?

A.Thisevening.B.Tomorrowmorning.C.Tomorrowafternoon.

第二节（共15小题，每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）

听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳

选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的

作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。ks5u

听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。

6.Whatdoesthewomandislikeaboutthefilm?

A.Theplot.B.Thedirector.C.Theactor.

7.Whatdoesthewomanthinkofthefilm?

A.Itisthebestfilmatpresent.B.Itisnotveryexciting.C.Itisworthseeing.

听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。

8.Whatisthebiggestadvantageoftheapartment?

A.Itsrent.B.Itslocation.C.Itsdecoration.

9.Whatsuggestiondoesthewomangivetheman?

A.Havingalookattheapartment.B.Redecoratingtheapartment.C.Findingaroommate.

听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。

10.Whatwillthewomandofirstwhenthetermfinishes?

A.Gotraveling.B.Workasavolunteer.C.Attendasummercourse.

11.Whowantsthemantodoacookingcourse?

A.Hisparent.B.Thewoman.C.Themanhimself.

12.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?

A.Fatheranddaughter.B.Bossandstaff.C.Closefriends.

听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。

13.Whatisthewomandoing?

A.Havingajobinterview.B.HostingaTVprogram.C.Doinganenvironmenttest.

14.WhatdoesKevinprobablyworkfor?

A.Aseaanimalrescuecentre.B.Afilmcompany.C.ATVstation.

15.Whathappenedinthedisaster?

A.Thewhalescouldn'tswim.B.Birdsdiedofararedisease.C.Thefishwerecoveredwithoil.

16.WhydidKevinchoosehisjob?

A.Hewasinterestedintheoceansystem.

B.Hewasfondofcleanseawater.

C.liewantedtocatchmorefish.

听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。

17.WhendidHelenPerrygoonstage?

A.In1869.B.In1859.C.In1847.

18.WhichofthefollowingisdifficultthroughoutHelenPerry'sactinglife?

A.Controllinghervoice.B.Performingsmallroles.C.Learningthedialoguelines.

19.WhatdoesthespeakerthinkofHelenPerry'sthroatoperation?

A.Meaningless.B.Risky.C.Worthwhile.

20.WhatshowHelenPerry'stalentinwriting?

A.Herletterstoawriter.B.Herworksofliterature.C.Herseveralfamousplays.

第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

A

TerrificNewTechnologies

,Afashionablesmartspeaker

ThenewAmazonEchosmartspeakerhasthesamepopularfeatureastheoriginal-analwayslisteningvoice

assistantreadytoplaymusicandnews,settimers,andusethird-partyapps.Onlynowit*sactuallystylish.The$120

speakercomesindifferentfinishes,includingfabricandwood.

•Ahelpinghandforparents

SuzySnoozehelpsbabiesandkidssleepsoparentscancatchupontheirownsleep.It*sasoundmachineand

anightlight.ItconnectswithanappoverWi-Fiandturnsintoanaudiomonitor.Ifakidcriesatmidnight,it'll

detectthesoundandtrytocalmhimbacktosleep.Itcanalsoletearlyrisersknowwhenit'sOKtogetoutofbed.

MadebyBleepBleeps,the$249usmartnightlightnhasanadorablelittleface.

,Safetyfordingdongs

Doorbellsusedtojustring,ding,anddong.Butthankstomoderntechnology,doorbellscannowdoubleas

Internet-connected-surveillance（监视）devices.Ring's$249VideoDoorbellProcanrecordHDvideoofyourfront

steps,evenatnight.Itincludesmotionsensorsandtwo-wayaudio,soyoucanyell“getoffmylawnnfrom

anywhere.Youcanalsousetheapptoseewhat'sgoingoninfrontofyourhousewhileyou'reatworkorinthe

backyard.

,Themust-havekitchengadget

TheInstantPotmakesfoodfastinonepot.Thesurprisekitchenhitisacombinationofpressurecooker,rice

cooker,slowcookerandevenyogurtmaker.Ithassensorsandsettingstomakecookingassafeaspossible.Starting

at$80,anInstantPotcanmakedishesinlesstimethanittypicallytakestocookthem.

21.WhatcanSuzySnoozedoforparents?

A.Providesunlight.B.Playwithbabies.

C.Comfortcryingbabies.D.Remindparentstowakeupkids.

22.WhatistheadvantageoftheVideoDoorbellProcomparedwithtraditionaldoorbells?

A.ItcanplayHDvideos.B.Itcanmakeasoundofding-dong.

C.Itcancommunicatewiththeusers.D.Itcantakeontheworkofamonitor.

23.WhoaremostprobablyinterestedintheInstantPot?

A.Thosewholovefastfood.B.Thosewhoenjoycooking.

C.Thosewhoarebusyworking.D.Thosewholikegoingcamping.

B

Lastfall,IwenttoNewYorkforsightseeing.Ivisitedmanytouristattractionsthere,andIalsosawmany

unfortunatecitizensonthestreet,likebeggarsandhomelessfolks.

StandingoutsidetheMetropolitanMuseumofArt,Iheardavoiceask,“Canyoudomeafavor?^^WhenI

turnedaround,Isawanelderlyblindwomanwithherhandextendedout.Naturally,Ireachedintomypocketfor

somechangeimmediatelyandplaceditinherhandwithoutevenlookingather.Iwasreallyannoyedatbeing

botheredbyabeggar.WhatIonlythoughtatthatmomentwastosendheraway.

Buttheblindwomansaidwithawarmsmileonherface,"Idon'twantyourmoney.Ijustneedyoutoshow

methewaytothesubwayentrance.'1

Inaninstant,IrealizedwhatIhaddonejustnow.Herunexpectedwordstookmebysurpriseandshame.Ihad

actedwithprejudiceI'djudgedanotherpersonsimplyforwhatIassumedshehadtobe.Ifeltashamedof

myselfandcouldn'tfacetheoldwomananymore.AndIfeltsmallbesideher.

TheincidentremindedmethatIbelievedinbeinghumble,eventhoughIhadlostthatbeliefforamoment.

ThethingIhadforgottenaboutmyselfisthatIamanimmigrant.IleftHondurasandarrivedintheU.S.attheage

of15.Throughtheyears,Ihaveexperiencedmanyactsofprejudice.Irememberatimeattheageof17whenIwas

abusboy,Iheardafathertellhislittleboythatifhedidnotdowellinschool,hewouldenduplikeme.Butnow,

livingmyAmericanmiddle-classlifestyle,itistooeasytoforgetwhoIamandwhereIhavebeen,andtolosesight

ofwhereIwanttogo.Itistheblindwomanwhocuredmeofmyblindness.

24Whatdidtheauthorthinktheblindwomanwantedalfirstsight?

A.Toaskfordirections.B.Toofferhimsomehelp.

C.Todemandsomedonations.D.Toborrowmoneyfromhim.

25.Whydidtheauthorfeelashamed?

A.Hehadaprejudiceonthewoman.B.Hecouldn'tfacethewoman.

C.Hewasjudgedbyhisappearance.D.Hewasanimmigranthimself.

26.Whydidtheauthormentionhisexperienceasabusboy?

A.Toindicateheledamiserablelife.B.Totellhedidn'tworkhardatschool.

C.Toproveheusedtobeahumbleman.D.Toshowheusedtobeunfairlyjudged.

27.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.BeConsiderate-AlwaysMindingYourWords

B.BeHumble-AlwaysDroppingYourPrejudice

C.BeGenerous-AlwaysHelpingThoseinNeed

D.BeAggressive-AlwaysHavingaBigDream

C

Eversincehumanitybegantofarmourownfood,we'vefacedtheunpredictablerainthatisbothfriendand

enemy.Itcomesandgoeswithoutmuchwarning,andafieldofleafygreensoneyearcandryupandblowawaythe

next.Foodsecurityandfortunesdependonsufficientrain,andnowheremoresothaninAfrica,where96%of

farmlanddependsonraininsteadoftheimgationcommoninmore-developedplaces.Ithasconsequences:South

Africa'songoingdrought—theworstinthreedecades—willcostitatleastaquarterofitscornharvestthisyear.

BiologistJillFarrantoftheUniversityofCapTowninSouthAfricasaysthatnaturehasplentyofanswersfor

peoplewhowanttogrowcropsinplaceswithunpredictablerainfall.Sheishardatworkfindingawaytotake

qualitiesfromrarewildplantsthatareadaptedtoextremedryweatherandusetheminfoodcrops.'1Thetypeof

farmingIamaimingforisliterallysothatpeoplecansurviveasit'sgoingtogetdrieranddrier,"Farrantsays.

Extremeconditionsproduceextremelytoughplantsandafewfierceplantsarehighlyadaptabletothe

ever-changingconditions.FaiTantcallsoneofthemresurrectionplants（复苏植物）.Duringmonthswithoutwater

underaharshsun,theyfadeandcontractuntiltheylooklikeapileofdeadgreenleavesbutrainfallcanrevivethem

inthematterofhours.Thatistosay,whentheydetectandextenddryperiod,theyproducesugarsandcertain

stress-associatedproteinsandothermaterialsintheirtissuestoenteraglass-likestatethatis“themoststablestate

thataplantcanmaintain”.

Lastyear,afterChineseteampublishedadraftgenome（基因组）ofrockviolet,oneofthebeststudied

resurrectionplants,Farrantandcolleaguespublishedadetailedstudyofanothercandidate.Oneorbothofthese

modelswillhelpresearcherstesttheirideas-sofarmostlydoneinthelab-ontestplots.

28.WhichcanberesponsibleforthereductionincorncropinSouthAfrica?

A.Facingunpredictablerain.

B.Lackingadvancedirrigation.

C.Thefoodsecurity.

D.Theongoingdrought.

29.WhydoesJillFarrarconducttherelevantstudy?

A.Tomaintainthemoststablestateoftoughplants.

B.Togrowcropsinplaceswithunpredictablerainfall.

C.Toapplythespecialqualityofwildplantstohumanfarming.

D.Tosurviveextremedryweatherandever-changingconditions.

30.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“contract”inparagraph3referto?

A.dieB.shrinkC.withdrawD.rest

31.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?

A.Theresearchisstillontrial.

BChineseteamworkedharder.

C.Oneofthecandidateshasbeenputintouse.

D.Theresultscontributetoresurrectionplants.

D

Empathy（同理心）isoneofthosestrangequalities-somethingalmosteveryonewants,butfewknowhowto

trulygiveorreceiveit.Inaworldwhereself-satisfactionisemphasized,itisinshortsupplybuthighdemand.This

isallthemorereasontoteachthenextgenerationwhatitmeanstohaveempathyforthosearoundthem.

WhatIsEmpathy?—Manypeopleconfusesympathyandempathy,buttheyaretwodistinctvalues.Empathy

isnotjusttheabilitytounderstandsomeone'sfeelings;criminalsoftentakeadvantageofpeoplebyappearingto

understandtheirfeelingsandsubsequentlygainingtheirtrust.Empathyismorethanthat.Notonlyisittheability

torecognizehowsomeonefeels,butitalsovaluesandrespectsthefeelingsofanotherperson.Itmeanstreating

otherswithkindness,dignity,andunderstanding.

KidsNeedToSeeAdultsShowEmpathy——Whilesomechildrenaregiftedwithnaturallykindhearts,inmost

caseskidsneedtoseeempathymodeledbytheadultsaroundthem.Itbeginswiththewayparentsrelatetotheir

children.Parentswhoshowaninterestinthethingsthatmattertotheirkidsandrespondtoemotionsinapositive

andcaringwayareteachingtheskillofempathy.

MeetEmotionalNeeds-Whenchildrenhavetheiremotionalneedsmet,twothingshappen.Theylearnhow

tomeettheemotionalneedsofothersandtheyareanchoredinwhattheyarereceiving,meaningthattheyare

secureenoughtogivetootherswhentheneedarisesbutfirsttheyneedtoreceive.Anemptyiugcannotfillacup.

It'sagoodideatotalktokidsaboutemotionsandhowotherpeopleexperiencethem.Givetheiremotions

names(fbrexample,jealousy,anger,andlove)andteachthemthatthesearenormal.Talktothemabouthowto

handleemotionsinapositivewayandpointoutsituationswhereotherpeopleareexperiencingemotions.Teach

themaboutrespectingtheemotionsofothersandshowthemhowtoactinasituationwherearesponseisrequired.

32.Whyisitthatthenextgenerationaretaughttohaveempathy?

A.Becausepeopletendtocenterthemselves.

B.Becauseeveryonelacksempathy.

C.Becauseempathyisastrangequality.

D.Becauseit'sbettertogivethantoreceive.

33.Whichsituationcanempathybeusedin?

A.Whenamathematicianiscalculatingtheareaofafarmland.

B.Whenateacheriscomfortingastudentabouthisfailureinexams.

C.Whenacriminalischeatingavictim.

D.Whenadancerisdancingtomusic.

34.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentence“Anemptyjugcannotfillacup."mean?

A.Anemptyjugistoosmalltoholdacup.

B.It'samusttotalktokidsaboutemotions.

C.Adultsshouldsetanexampletokids.

D.Kidsgiveempathywiththeiremotionalneedsmetfirst.

35.Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?

A.Howtotrainkidstohaveempathy.

B.Howtodistinguishsympathyandempathy.

C.Howtohelpkidsfinishempathy-relatedtasks.

D.Whetherkidscanbetrainedtobemoreempathetic.

第二节（共5小题：每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）

阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

TheCassini-Huygensspaceprobe,whichreachedSaturnlastweekhassentbackamazingphotographsofthe

planetsfamousringsviewedinultravioletlight.36.Thedifferentcolorsshowexactlywhattheringsare.

Theredmeanstheringcontainstinypiecesofrockandtheblueandgreenislikelytobeamixtureofwaterand

frozengases.37.That'swhyitissolightanditcouldfloatonwater-ifabigenoughoceancouldbefound!

38.Itaimstoexploretheplanetanditsringsandmoons.Itwaslaunchedin1997anditsmissionwas

toexplorethe“gasgiant“planet,whichisthefurthestplanettobeseenfromtheEarthwithoutatelescope.

Scientistssaythespacecraftsfour-yeartourofSaturnmaytellthemhowtheringsareformed.39.

TheprobehassentbackpicturesofsomeofSaturn'smoons,includingPhoebeandTitan.Phoebehasastrange

shape.40.Saturn'sbiggestmoon,Titan,isbelievedtobetheonlybodyinthesolarsystemotherthanthe

Earthwithliquidonthesurface.TheimagesofPhoebeandTitanlookstrangelylikephotosoftheEarthandour

ownmoon,takendecadesagobytheearliestspacemissions.

A.Saturnitselfismadeofgases.

B.Thepicturesarehardtotakeinspace.

C.Theprobeisaninternationalspaceproject.

D.Theywilldiscovermoresecretsaboutthespacecraft.

E.Thepicturesshowtheminshadesofblue,greenandred.

F.Itwillalsostudytheplanet'satmosphereandmagneticfield.

G.Unlikeotherplanetsandtheirmoonsitisnotperfectlyround.

第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）

第一节（共15小题：每小题1分，满分15分）

阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

December24arrivedalongwithaheavysnow.ItwasmyfirstChristmasEvewithoutmotherandtheday's

usual41haddisappeared.

Thetelephonerang.I42itandwenttomybedroomtoburythecontinuoussadness,knowingitmust

bemyfriendRebeccacalling.HowcouldIbe43?Iwantedtobeleftalone.

Myheartfeltas44asthefallingsnow.HowcanIstopmissingmymother?

I45thewindow.SeeingRebecca'scarparkedoutfront,Iwentbacktobedanddrewthecoversover

myhead.

"Lucy!'*sheshouted.knowyou'reinthere.Answerthedoor!

''Leavemealone!uI46back.Iheardpaperrustling（沙沙作响）assheslid47underthedoor.

"MerryChristmas,"shecalledout.

Notansweringthe48mademefeelevenworse.Itwasn'tfairtomybestfriend.Herfatherand

sister49inacaraccidentwhenshewaseightyearsold.50,hermotherhadtoreturnto51,

andRebeccawaslefttolookafterherself.

Whensheleft,Icarriedthesmallpackage,satdownand52it.Insidewasagoldpenandajournal.

WhenIopenedthejoumaFsfrontcover,outfellabookmarkwitha（n）53writtenonit:

DearLucy,

Mywordswon'theal（治愈）the54.Butyourownwordscan.

Love,

Rebecca

AsIstared（0T着）atthejournafsblankpages,asingletearfellonthepagewhichquicklyabsorbedit.

Thatnight,I55thephoneandcalledher."Itlookslikethesnowismelting（融化）,''Isaid.''Springis

justaroundthecornei;"

41.A.excitementB.disappointmentC.frightD.pity

42.A.answeredB.coveredC.pickedD.ignored

43.A.regretfulB.joyfulC.comfortableD.careful

44.A.lightB.whiteC.clearD.heavy

45.A.lookedthroughB.lookedintoC.lookedoutD.lookedup

46.A.broughtB.shoutedC.tookD.turned

47.A.anythingB.somethingC.everythingD.nothing

48.A.doorB.questionC.letterD.phone

49.A.survivedB.escapedC.livedD.died

50.A.AsaresultB.AboveallC.AfterallD.Ingeneral

51.A.workB.washC.repairD.learn

52.A.closedB.foldedC.openedD.painted

53.A.articleB.poemC.noticeD.message

54.A.failureB.painC.wishD.shame

55.A.pushedbackB.pickedoutC.pickedupD.putaway

第二节(共10小题：每小题1.5分，满分15分)

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

LocatedintheHaidianDisrict,northwestofBeijing,theSummerPalaceis15kilometersawayfromthe

downtownarea,which56(consist)ofLongevityHillandKunmingLake,57(cover)anareaof2.9

squarekilometers.Beingthelargestandmostwell-preservedroyalgardeninChina,it58(great)influences

Chinesehorticulture(园艺)andlandscapewithits59(fame)naturalviewsandtheworksofhumankind.

Originally60(name)QingyiYuanortheGardenofClearNipples,theSummerPalacewasfirst

constructedin1750.Itlaterbecamethemainresidenceofroyalmembersin61endoftheQingDynasty.

However,likemostofthegardensinBeijing,theSummerPalacewasdestroyedbyfireandwasrazedtothe

groundbytheAnglo-frenchAlliedForces.TheSummerPalacewasrebuiltin1886,62wassupposedto

serveasasummerresortfortheEmpressDowagerCixi.In1900theSummerPalacesufferedanotherhitbythe

Eight-powerAliedForces.Thenittookthegovernmenttwoyears63(repair)theSummerPalace.In1924,it

wasopen64thepublic.TheSummerPalacewasaddedtotheWorldHeritageSitesbyUNESCOin1998,

andbecameoneofthefirstnationalAAAAAtourist65(attraction)inChina.

第四部分