阅读理解说明文- -2023年高考英语大题训练（新高考）（解析版）

专题03阅读理解说明文

题型简介

说明文阅读理解一般作为全国卷阅谈理解中的CD篇，主要分为两种类型：实验研究和

介绍说明型。说明文是对事物的形状，性质，特征，成果或公用等进行介绍，解释或阐述的

文章，把我所说明事物的特征和本质是理解说明文的关键，说明事物特征的方法很多，主要

有定义法，解释法，比较法，比喻法，数字法，图标法，引用法和距离法等。说明文的特点

是客观、简洁、准确、清晰，文章很少表达作者的情感倾向。阅读说明文的重点在于读懂它

说明的事物或事理，了解事物的性质、结构、形成原因、功能；了解事物的意义和特征等。

典例在线

Teenagersaroundtheworldarefamiliarwiththegreatpainofboredom.Andeveryparentis

familiarwiththesoundsofgroaning（咕哝的）kids,sulking（生闷气）intheirroomorpacing

aimlesslyaroundthehouse.Butsometimes,it,sthisverysenseofboredomthatcaninspire

creativityandcreatefast-growingtrends.

ThisistrueforPiCkIebaIl（匹克球），nowapopularsportintheWest.AccordingtotheMental

Flosswebsite,thesportwasinventedinthesummerof1965.Atthattime,FrankPritchard,13,

hadnothingtodoinhisfamily,ssummerhomeinWashington,US.Aftercomplainingloudly,his

father,Joel,suggestedhemakeupagame.WhenFrankrepliedςςWhydon,tyou?"hisfather

gladlytookupthechallenge.Thus,pickleballwasborn.

Certainpartsoftennis,badmintonandping-pongcanbeseenfrompickleball.It,sabatgame

playedonabadminton-sizedcourtwithwhatlookslikeawiffleball（威浮球）overalownet.

Onlytheservingteamcanscorepoints,andallservesmustbemadewithanunderhandstroke（击

球）∙

ThepopularityOfpickleballhasgrownsteadilyoverthelastdecade.AccordingtoMental

Floss,thenumberOfpickleballcourtshasgrownbyanestimated385percentworldwidesince

2010.Onereasonforitspopularityisthatit,s"asportforeveryone”.Anyonecanplaypickleball

becauseit,srelativelyeasytopickup.Therearesimplerules,andallpeopleneedisacoupleof

batsandaball,whichisaffordableandaccessibletoall.Plus,pickleballisasportcenteredaround

funandfriendship.Thegamelastsasshortas15minutes,whichmeanslessrunningandstressfor

players.

Pritchardsaidthatthegame,srapidriseinpopularitywasamazing,especiallyconsidering

thatabad-temperedkid''inspiredasportscrazebymakingastink（吵闹）aboutbeingboredone

afternoon56yearsago,∖

1.Whatdoweknowaboutpickleball,accordingtothepassage?

A.Itwasinventedaccidentallybyayoungboy.

B.Itisagamesuitableforfamilygatherings.

C.Itcombineselementsfromseveralballgames.

D.Thegame,sjudgescomefromaservingteam.

2.WhatdoesParagraph4mainlytalkabout?

A.Whypickleballhasbecomesowellreceived.

B.Whatequipmentpickleballplayersneed.

C.Howsignificantpickleballistotheworld.

D.Whatrulesmustbeobeyedinpickleball.

3.WhatdidPritchardthinkofthepopularityofpickleball?

A.Unexpected.B.Reasonable.C.Natural.D.Awkward.

4.Whydoestheauthorwritethepassage?

A.Toadviseustojoininsportsgames.

B.Toteachushowtopiaypickleball.

C.Totellusthebirthofasportsgame.

D.Tomotivateustofollownewtrends.

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。作者介绍了现在很流行的匹克球特殊的起源——因为一个

孩子在一个夏日里感到无聊而诞生。

1.CL解析】细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Certainpartsoftennis,badmintonandpingpong

canbeseenfromPiCklebal1.（网球、羽毛球和乒乓球的某些部分可以从匹克球中看到。）''可知，

匹克球结合了网球、羽毛球及乒乓球的元素。故选C。

2.A【解析】主旨大意题。根据第四段第一句"Thepopularityofpickleballhasgrownsteadily

overthelastdecade.（匹克球的受欢迎程度在过去十年中稳步增长。）”及本段内容可知，匹克

球在过去的十年间一直受到人们的欢迎。本段介绍了匹克球受欢迎的原因：易学及设备简单、

增进友谊及充满乐趣、运动强度不大。故选A。

3.A【解析】推理判断题。根据文章最后-StTritchardsaidthatthegame,srapidrisein

popularitywasamazing,especiallyconsideringthatabad-temperedkid“inspiredasportscrazeby

makingastink（吵闹）aboutbeingboredoneafternoon56yearsago,,.（PritChard说，这款游戏受

欢迎程度的迅速上升令人惊讶，尤其是考虑到一个坏脾气的孩子“通过在56年前的一个下午

发牢骚（吵闹）激发了一场体育热潮）”可推断，他对匹克球的流行感到出乎意料。故选A。

4.C【解析】推理判断题。根据全文可知，文章作者介绍了现在很流行的匹克球特殊的起

源——因为一个孩子在一个夏日里感到无聊而诞生。从而可以推断作者的写作目的就是向读

者介绍匹克球的产生。故选C。

说明文阅读理解主要考查以下题型:

一、主旨大意题

主旨大意题主要考查学生对所读材料或所读材料片断）中心思想的概括，做这类题时、

考生应通读全文，把握文章大意或中心思想，同时注意文章的主题句，因为主题句表达中心

思想，其他句子均围绕主题句进行展开。主题句通常位于文章第一段首句，第一段末句或全

文末句等地方，但位于段落中间（通常是第一段或最后一段的中间）也是完全可能的，主旨

大意题的考查形式很多，如概括标题、主题、段意、中心思想等。

二、事实细节题

顾名思义，事实细节题即对文章的某个事实或细节而设置的试题，事实细节题的命题方

法很多，如可能是对某个细节用同义结构转换后进行考查，也可能是将文章中的几个细节放

在一起要求考生判断是非（选出正确的一项或选出错误的一项）或对几个细节进行排序等。

解答这类试题时，一个常用的方法就是运用定位法，即根据题干或选项中的线索词从原文中

找到相关的句子，与选项进行比校从而确定答案（此时要特别注意一些常见的同义装换或简

单换算）。

三、代词指代题

这类题要求考生根据一定的上下文推测代词的指代意义，它主要考查考生在一定语境中

对上下文逻辑关系的正确理解。做这类题时，考生不仅要读懂相关句子的句意，理顺相关句

子的逻辑关系，而且还要学会合理变通，尤其要学会变通理解其中的同义表达。

四、词义猜测题

即要求考生根据一定的上下文猜测生词的词义，它是高考英语阅读理解中的一个难点，

同学们应引起充分重视。猜测生词词义的方法很多，常用的有同义解释法、因果推断法、前

后对比法，基本构词法，语境理解法，举例说明法，常识背景法、类属分析法等。

（一）＞Intheendlesssky,theunaidedhumaneyeshouldbeabletoperceiveseveralthousand

starsonaclear,darknight.Unfortunately,growinglightpollutionhasdisabledpeoplefromthe

nightlyview.

Newcitizen-science-basedresearchthrowsalarminglightontheproblemofςςskyglow“一the

diffuseillumination（漫射照明）ofthenightskythatisaformoflightpollution.Thedatacame

fromcrowd-sourcedobservationscollectedfromaroundtheworldaspartofGlobeatNight,a

programdevelopedbyastronomerConnieWalker.

Lightpollutionhasharmfuleffectsonthepracticeofastronomybutalsoonhumanhealth

andwildlife,sinceitdisturbsthecyclefromsunlighttostarlightthatbiologicalsystemshave

evolvedalongside.Furthermore,thelossofvisiblestarsisagreatlossofhumanculturalheritage.

Untilrelativelyrecently,humansthroughouthistoryhadanimpressiveviewofthestarrynightsky,

andtheeffectofthisnightlySPeCtaCle（壮观）isevidentinancientcultures.

GlobeatNighthasbeengatheringdataonstarvisibilitysince2006.Anyonecansubmit

observationsthroughtheGlobeatNightWebapplication.Participantsrecordwhichonebest

matcheswhattheycanseeintheskywithoutanytelescopesorotherinstruments.

Researchersfindthatthelossofvisiblestarsindicatesanincreaseinskybrightnessof9.6%

peryearwhileroughly2%ismeasuredbysatellites.Existingsatellitesarenotwellsuitedto

measuringskyglowasitappearstohumans,becausetheycannotdetectwavelengthsshorterthan

500nanometers（纳米）.WhiteLEDs,withshorterwavelengthsunder500nanometers,noware

increasinglycommonlyusedinoutdoorlighting.Buthumaneyesaremoresensitivetothese

shorterwavelengthsatnighttime.Space-basedinstrumentsdonotmeasurelightfromwindows,

either.Butthesesourcesaresignificantcontributorstoskyglowusseenfromtheground.

“Theincreaseinskyglowoverthepastdecadeunderlinestheimportanceofredoublingour

effortsanddevelopingnewstrategiestoprotectdarkskies,,,saidWalker.ςςTheGlobeatNight

datasetisnecessaryinourongoingevaluationofchangesinskyglow,andweencouragewhoever

cantogetinvolvedtohelpprotectthestarrynightsky.”

1.WhatisapurposeofGlobeatNight?

A.Todevelopnewlightsources.B.Tocollectdataonstarvisibility.

C.Tohelpastronomersexplorespace.D.Topopularizescienceamongcitizens.

2.Whatdoesthelossofvisiblestarsleadto?

A.Poorerhumanhealth.B∙Fewerwildlifespecies.

C.Moredelicatebiologicalsystems.D.Lessnightlycultureelementsofthesky.

3.Whatdoestheauthorstressinparagraph5?

A.Satellitesplayavitalrole.B.WhiteLEDsarewidelyused.

C.Crowd-sourceddataareinvaluable.D.Shorterwavelengthsarehardtodetect.

4.WhatcanbeinferredfromWalker,swords?

A・Theirconsistenteffortspayoff.B∙Thedatasetneedstobeupdated.

C.Moreparticipantsareexpectedtojoinin.D.Theskyglowhasbeenover-emphasized.

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍光污染正在夺走我们的夜空，使得星星在我

们眼前消失。

1.B【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段“GlobeatNighthasbeengatheringdataonstarvisibility

since2006.,,（自2006年以来，“天空辉光”一直在收集恒星能见度的数据。）可知，“天空辉

光''的H的是收集星星能见度的数据。故选B«

2.D【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段“Furthermore,thelossofvisiblestarsisagreatlossof

humanculturalheritage.Untilrelativelyrecently,humansthroughouthistoryhadanimpressive

viewofthestarrynightsky,andtheeffectofthisnightlySPeCtaCIe（壮观）isevidentinancient

CUllUreS.（此外，可见星星的损失是人类文化遗产的巨大损失。直到最近，历史上的人类都能

看到令人印象深刻的星空，这种夜间奇观的影响在古代文化中很明显。）“可知，可见星星的

缺失会导致较少的夜间天空文化元素。故选D。

3.C【解析】主旨大意题。根据第五段“Butthesesourcesaresignificantcontributorstoskyglow

USseenfromthegr。Und.（但这些光源是我们从地面看到的天空发光的重要贡献者。）“可推断，

作者在第五段中强调了众包数据是无价的。故选C。

4.C【解析】推理判断题。根据最后∙^tTheGlobeatNightdatasetisnecessaryinourongoing

evaluationofchangesinskyglow,andweencouragewhoevercantogetinvolvedtohelpprotect

thestarrynightsky.（全球夜间数据集对于我们持续评估天空辉光的变化是必要的，我们鼓励

任何可以参与的人来帮助保护星空。）”可推断,Walker期望会有更多的参与者加入。故选C。

（二）、There,vebeenplentyofTokyo2020headlinesaboutHendZaza,theSyriantable

tennisgeniuswho,at12yearsold,isoneoftheyoungestOlympiansofalltime.

Buttherearesomestrikingpersonalstoriesontheothersideoftheagespectrum（年龄谱）,

too.

OksanaChusovitina,a46-year-oldgymnastfromUzbekistan,impressivelycompetedinher

eighthOlympicGamesthissummer.Chusovitina,whocompetedinasportdominatedbyteenage

athletes,receivedastandingovation（鼓掌欢呼）afterperforminginwhatshesaidwouldbeher

lastOlympics.ςifeelverygoodtobehere.ButthiswillforsurebemylastOlympics,shetold

reporters.ςςI,m46yearsold.Nothingisgoingtochangethat.Γmalive,I,mhappy,Γmhere

withoutanyinjuries,andIcanstandonmyOWnjsheaddedwithalaugh.

Thenthere,sAustralianequestrian（马术师）MaryHanna,whoatage66isthesecond-oldest

femaleathleteinOlympichistoryandtheoldestOlympiancompetinginTokyo.

ςςThroughtheirefforts,HannaandChusovitinaarechangingtheconversationaroundageand

agility.They,reproofthatyoucancompeteorputyourselfuptoaphysicalchallengewaypast

whatisconsideredyourPeakJsaidMichaelStones,aprofessoratLakeheadUniversityinOntario,

Canada,whoresearcheshealthyagingandphysicalperformance.ςςIt,sgreatthatthisyear,s

Olympicsincludesomanyyoungerandolderathletes,,,hetoldHuffPost.ςςTheyshowthatage

aloneisnotaninsurmountable（不可克月艮的）barriertoexcellenceinphysicalactivities.^^

TheseOlympiansalsolendthegamessomeexperienceandmaturity,especiallyinteam

sports,saidSandraHunter,aprofessorofexercisescienceatMarquetteUniversityinMilwaukee,

Wisconsin."Theseolderathletescanhelpguidetheyoungerones,particularlywithallthemental

andpsychologicalchallengesthatwe,veSeenJshesaid.ttTheybringalevelofmaturitytothe

teamsandsurroundingathletesthatallowstheyoungerathletestoleam.,,

“Ifyoulimityourchoicesonlytowhatseemspossibleorreasonable,youdisconnectyourself

fromwhatyoutrulywant,andallthatisleftiscompromise."ThequotefromAmericanwriter

RobertFritzishighlyconsistentwiththeOlympicspiritaswellasenlighteningusonourwayto

success.

5.WhoisOksanaChusovitina?

A.A12-year-oldtabletennisplayer.

B.A46-year-oldgymnastfromSyria.

C.A66-year-oldAustralianequestrian.

D.Aneight-timeOlympianfromUzbekistan.

6.Thefirstparagraphisintendedto.

A.leadinthetopicofthepassage

B.stresstheimportanceofbeingagenius

C.tellthedifferencebetweenyoungerandolderathletes

D.introducearesearchonperformancesofyoungerathletes

7.What,sprofessorMichaelStones,sattitudetothoseyoungerandolderOlympians?

A.Doubtful.B.Uncaring.

C.Supportive.D.Indifferent.

8.Whatcanbeinfe∏∙edfromthepassage?

A.Olympicathletesshouldtrytheirbesttobeuninjured.

B.Olympicathletesprovesuccessisnotrelatedtoage.

C.Olympiansshowthatagealoneisnotaninsurmountablebarrier.

D.Olderathletesarechangingtheconversationaroundageandagility.

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了两位在奥运赛场上全力挑战自我的大龄运动员，

她们展现了真正的奥运精神。

5.D【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段第一句"OkSanaChusovitina,a46-year-oldgymnastfrom

Uzbekistan,impressivelycompetedinhereighthOlympicGamesthisSUmmer.（来自乌兹别克斯

坦的46岁体操运动员OkSariaChUSoVitina在今年夏天参加了她的第八个奥运会，令人印象

深刻。）“可知，OkSanaehUSoVitin是参加了八次夏季奥运会的乌兹别克斯坦体操运动员。故

选Do

6.A［解析］推理判断题。根据第♦段“There'vebeenplentyofTokyo2020headlinesaboutHend

Zaza,theSyriantabletennisgeniuswho,al12yearsold,isoneoftheyoungestOlympiansofall

time.（2020年东京奥运会上有很多关于叙利亚乒乓球天才HendZaza的头条新闻，他12岁，

是有史以来最年轻的奥运选手之一0）”以及第二段“Buttherearesomestrikingpersonalstories

ontheothersideoftheagespectrum（年龄谱）,too.（但是，在年龄谱的另一边也有一些引人注目

的个人故事。）“可知，开篇文章介绍介绍2020年东京奥运会上一名奥运历史上最年轻运动

员入手，从而引出下文出现的大龄运动员的事迹。故选A。

7.C【解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中的“"It'sgreatthatthisyear'sOlympicsincludeso

manyyoungerandolderathletes,,,hetoldHuffPost.44Theyshowthatagealoneisnotan

insurmountable（不可克服的）barriertoexcellenceinphysicalactivities."（"今年的奥运会包括这

么多年轻和年长的运动员，这真是太好了，”他告诉赫芬顿邮报。“他们表明，年龄本身并不

是体育活动卓越的不可逾越的障碍。"）“可知，PrOfeSSorMiChaeIStOneS认为有这么多如此年

轻的和年龄大的运动员很不错，由此可以推断，他对这些年轻和年纪大的运动员参加比赛表

示支持。故选Co

8.B【解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中的‘"'Theyshowthatagealoneisnotan

insurmountable（不可克服的）barriertoexcellenceinphysicalactivities."（"他们表明，年龄本身

并不是体育活动卓越的不可逾越障碍。以及尾段中的“"Ifyoulimityourchoicesonlyto

whatseemspossibleorreasonable,youdisconnectyourselffromwhatyoutrulywant,andallthat

isleftisCOmPromiSe如果你把你的选择限制在看似可能或合理的事情上，你就会把自己与

你真正想要的东西脱节，剩下的就是妥协。”户可知，在体育活动方面，年龄问题是可以逾

越的，我们不能把选择限制在看似合理的事情上，并结合全文介绍奥运史上年龄最大和最小

运动员的事迹，我们可以推断出运动员的成功与否跟年龄无关。故选B。

刷模拟

、

（2023♦广东广州•统考二模）Thisparagraphisnotordinary.Lookatit.Atfirst,itwon,tlook

tooodd.Justanormalparagraph——youmaythink.Butlookatitagainandyoumightfinditabit

unusual.Canyouspotit?Isanything...missing?

Whatyou,vejustreadisaIipogram-atextwithoutaparticularletter.Itisthehardestkindas

itdoesn'tcontaintheletterE-themostcommonletterintheEnglishlanguage.Trywritingone

yourselfandyou,∏imaginethetaskfacedbytheFrenchwriterGeorgesPerec,whenafriend

challengedhimtowriteawholenovelwithoutusingE-aletterwhichisevenmorecommonin

French.

Perecwasafrighteninglycleverwriter,aloverofwordgamesandpuzzlesandalsoamaster

oftheChineseboardgameGo.AswellaswritingcrosswordpuzzlesforParismagazines,hehad

alreadywrittena5,OOO-wordpalindrome,atextthatreadsthesameforwardsandbackwards,like

theweil-known"Aman,aplan,acanal-Panama.,,Buthisfriendsthoughtthistaskwouldbe

beyondhim.

Perectookupthechallenge.Hewasunabletousemorethan70%oftheFrenchwords,

includingthosemostcommonlyused.Surprisingly,hediscoveredthis“impossible“ruleunlocked

hisimagination.Helaterclaimedhewrotethisnovelfasterthananyofhisotherbooks.Hewas

forcedtothinkandfightforeverysentence.Hehadnochoicebuttobeoriginal.

TheresultwasLaDisparitiontadetectivestoryaboutthemysteriousdisappearanceofa

characternamedA.Vowl.TheonlyEswerethefourinhisnameonthecover.Despitethedozens

ofcluesaboutthefantasticallydifficultrule,manyoriginalreviewersfailedtospotwhatwas

staring由eminthefaces—themissingletter.Embarrassingforthecritics,buthilariousforthe

writerandhisfriends.

Fortunately,thegamePerecwasplayingdidnotdestroythebookitself.Everysentence

seemstwistedslightlyoutofshape,andtheresultingstyleisunique.

1.WhydoesthewriterstartwithaIipogram?

A.ToprovePerec,sworkishard.

B.TointroducePerec,stoughtask.

C.TodemonstratewhataIipogramis.

D.Tochallengereaderstowriteone.

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTapalindrome?

A.Madam.B.Nursesran.

C.NoXinNixon.D.Nolemons,nomelon.

3.WhatdidPerecthinkofthechallengehetookup?

A.Itforcedhimtowritefaster.B.Itenrichedhiswritingstyles.

C.Nowriterbuthecouldmakeit.D.Itfreedhiscreativityinwriting.

4.Whatdoestheunderlineword“hilarious“meaninparagraph5?

A.Confusing.B.Surprising.C.Verylucky.D.Extremelyfunny.

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了佩雷克是一位聪明得惊人的作家，热爱文字游

戏和谜题，也是中国棋盘游戏围棋的大师。

I.B【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段中“Whatyou,vejustreadisaIipogram-atextwithouta

particularletter.Itisthehardestkindasitdoesn,tcontaintheletterE-themostcommonletterin

theEnglishlanguage”你刚刚读到的是•篇漏字文——•篇没有特定字母的文章。它是最难

的一种，因为它不包含字母E——英语中最常见的字母）”可知，文章开头提到的漏字文是最

难的一种，由此为了介绍佩雷克的艰巨任务。故选BC

2.B【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段中“AswellaswritingcrosswordpuzzlesfbrParis

magazines,hehadalreadywrittena5000-wordpalindrome,atextthatreadsthesameforwards

andbackwards,likethewell-known44Aman,aplan,acanal-Panama.,,（除了为巴黎的杂志写填

字游戏，他还写了一篇500（）字的回文，前后读起来是一样的，比如著名的“Aman,aplan,a

CanaI-Panama."）”可知，回文是一种正反读都一样的词语，构成一种对称结构。B选项不符

合该特点。故选B。

3.D［解析］细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Perectookupthechallenge.Hewasunabletouse

morethan70%oftheFrenchwords,includingthosemostcommonlyused.Surprisingly,he

discoveredthis“impossible"ruleunlockedhisimagination.（佩雷克接受了挑战。他不能使用超

过70%的法语单词，包括那些最常用的单词。令人惊讶的是，他发现这个“不可能''的规则释

放/他的想象力可知，佩雷克认为他所接受的挑战释放了他在写作上的创造力。故选Do

4.D【解析】词义猜测题。根据划线词前面的句子“Despitethedozensofcluesaboutthe

fantasticallydifficultrule,manyoriginalreviewersfailedtospotwhatwasstaringtheminthe

facesthemissingletter.EmbarrassingfortheCritiCS（尽管关于这条极其困难的规贝IJ有几十条

线索，但许多最初的评审者都没有发现他们脸上正在盯着的东西——丢失的字母。对评论家

来说很尴尬，厂可知，不知道有缺失的字母对于评论家来说这是很尴尬的事情，其与后文构

成转折关系，但是对于作者和他的朋友来说这是极大的乐趣。故划线词hilarious与D选项

Extremelyfunny为同义词，意为“非常有趣的故选Do

（2023・河北•校联考模拟预测）Aroboticgameofcatandmouseplayingoutinalab

providesasightatfuturepossibilitiesofrobotscarryingoutsearch-and-rescuemissionswithout

muchhumanguidance.

TheTianjicatrobotdevelopedbyresearchersatTsinghuaUniversityinChinausesa

brain-inspiredcomputingchipcalledTianjicX.Theso-calledneuromorphicchip（神经形态芯片）

canrunmultipleartificialintelligencetechniquesatthesametimeinanenergy-efficientmanner.It

isoneexampleofexperimentswithneuromorphicsystemsthatcouldallowsmallrobotstomake

decisionsusinglimitedcomputingresourcesandpower.

TheresearcherschallengedtheTianjicatrobottochase（追逐）anotherrobotthatwassetto

moverandomlyinaroomfilledwithobstacles.ThisrequiredTianjicattotrackthemouserobotby

usingbothvisualrecognitionandsounddetection,andtofigureoutthebestpathtochasedownits

pretendprey（假想猎物）withoutknockingonanything.TheteamsaysthattheTianjicXchip

reducedtheamountofpowerrequiredfortherobotcattomakedecisionsduringthechaseby

about,halfcomparedwithanNVIDIAchipdesignedforAIcomputing.

Performingacat-and-mousechasewouldbeastepupindifficultyformostcommercialized

robots,whichusuallyfollowverypredictableroutinesinwarehousesorfactories.Manyrobots

thatinteractwithmorecomplexandunpredictableenvironmentsrelyonremotecontrolbyhuman

operators,orelsemustmaintainwirelessconnectionswithdistantdatacentresthathavethe

computingpowernecessaryformoreintensivedecision-making.Neuromorphicsystemshaven,t

yetbeencommercializedinabigway,buttheirrelativelylowsize,weightandpower

requirementscouldprovidepracticaladvantagesorroboticdeployment（部署）.

TheTianjicatrobotisworldwideacknowledged.uForrobotics,thisisveryimportantbecause

itallowsthesystemtooperateforlongerdurationsinhard-to-reachenvironmentswithgreater

autonomy,,,saysJeffreyKrichmarattheUniversityofCalifornia,Irvine.

5.Whatdotheresearcherswanttherobottodobytestingit?

A.Dorescue-work.

B.Assistinresearch.

C.Helpgetridofrats.

D.Savepower.

6.Whatdoesparagraph3mainlytellus?

A.Whytherobotchasesanotherrobot.

B.Whattherobot,spretendpreyislike.

C.Howresearcherstesttherobot.

D.Howmuchpowertherobotusesinanaction.

7.WhatmakesaTianJicatrobothaveadvantagesoverothers?

A.Itssmallsize.

B.Itsmouse-likeshape.

C.Itsbusinessvalue.

D.Itsdatecenter.

8.What,sJeffreyKτichmar,sattitudetowardstheinventionoftheTianjicatrobot?

A.Negative.

B.Doubtful.

C.Unconcerned.

D.Favorable.

【语篇解读】这是•篇说明文。介绍了清华大学研发的•款名为TianjiCat的机器人，通过应

用实验室里玩的猫和老鼠的机器人游戏测试TianjiCat的多方面综合的能力,证明了未来机器

人将不需要人工参与，进而可以执行搜索和救援任务或野生动物调查，有望实现商业化投入

使用。

5.A【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Aroboticgameofcatandmouseplayingoutinalab

providesasightatfuturepossibilitiesofrobotscarryingoutsearch-and-rescuemissionswithout

muchhumanguidance（一场在实验室里上演的猫捉老鼠的机器人游戏让我们看到了未来机器

人在没有人类指导的情况下执行搜救任务的可能性）”可知，研究人员希望通过测试来让机器

人执行搜救任务。故选A。

6.C【解析】主旨大意题C根据文章第三段“TheresearcherschallengedtheTianjicatrobotto

chase（追逐）anotherrobotthatwassettomoverandomlyinaroomfilledwithObStaCles（研究人

员让Tianjicat机器人去追赶另一个机器人,这个机器人被设定在一个充满障碍物的房间里随

机移动户可知，第三段主要在介绍研究人员如何测试机器人的。故选C。

7.A【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Neuromorphicsystemshaven'tyetbeen

commercializedinabigway,buttheirrelativelylowsize,weightandpowerrequirementscould

providepracticaladvantagesorroboticdeplOyment（神经形态系统还没有大规模商业化,但它们

相对较小的尺寸、重量和功率要求可以提供实际优势或用于机器人调动）“可知，该机器人较

小的体型是其优势。故选A。

8.D【解析】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Forrobotics,thisisveryimporlantbecauseit

allowsthesystemtooperateforlongerdurationsinhard-to-reachenvironmentswithgreater

aulonomy（对于机器人来说，这非常重要，因为它允许系统在难以到达的环境中运行更长的

时间，具有更大的自主权广可知，JeffreyKrichmar对此机器人持支持的态度。故选D。

三、

（2023•湖南株洲•统考一模）SittingatthetopofamountainonLaGomeraIslad,Antonio

issuedaninvitationtothreevisitinghikersinthedistance——ςςComeoverhere,,∙We,regoingto

treatyoutoIunchu-withoutspeakingword:Hewhistled（吹口口肖）it.Antonio,71,saidinhis

youth,whennativesratherthantouristswalkedtherockyfootpathsofhisisland,hisnewswould

havebeengreetedrightawaybyarespondingwhistle,loudandclear.Buthismessagewasloston

thesehikers,andtheycontinuedIheirjourney.

AntonioisaproudguardianofLaGomera,swhistlinglanguage,whichhecalledthepoetιy

ofmyisland."Headded.Likepoetry,whistlingdoesnotneedtobeusefulinordertobespecial

andbeautifUL“Thelanguage,officiallyknownasSilboGomero,replaceswrittenletterswith

whistledsoundsthatvarybypitch（高音）andlength.Unfortunately,therearefewerwhistlesthan

Spanishletters,soasoundcanhavemultiplemeanings,causingmisunderstandings.

Withitsdistinctgeography,it,seasytoseewhywhistlingcameintoexistenceonLaGomera.

Onmostoftheisland,deepvalleysrunfromhighpeaksdowntotheocean,andplentyoftimeand

effortarerequiredtotravelevenashortdistanceoverland.Whistlingdevelopedasagood

alternativewaytodeliveramessage,withitssoundcarryingfartherthanshouting--asmuchas

twomilesacrosssomevalleyswithfavorablewindconditions.

In2009,theisland,slanguagewasaddedbyUNESCOtoitslistoftheIntangibleCultural

HeritageofHumanity.Butwithwhistlingnolongeressentialforcommunication,SilboGomero,s

survivalmostlyreliesona1999lawthathasmadeteachingitanecessarypartofLaGomeras

schoolcourses.ErinGerhards,alocalgirlkeentoimproveherwhistling,said,ςςWhistlingisaway

tohonorthepeoplethatlivedhereinthepastandtorememberwedidn,tstartwithtechnologybut

simplebeginnings/7

9.HowdidthehikersreacttoAntonio,sinvitation?

A.Theyignoredit.B.Theywavedtheirhands,

C.Theywhistledback.D.Theystoppedsuddenly.

10.WhyisLaGomera,swhistlinglanguagelikelytobemisinteɪpreted?

A.Becauseitisaformofpoetry.B.Becausethesamesoundcarriesdifferent

meanings.

C.Becauseitisn,tusefulinlife.D.Becauseitssoundsincludevariouspitches

andlengths.

11.WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?

A.ThetouristattractionsofLaGomera.

B.ThegeographicfeaturesofLaGomera.

C.Thereasonforwhistling,suseonLaGomera.

D.Thecomparisonbetweenwhistlingandshouting.

12.WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph4?

A.Erinfiguresouthowislanderslivedbefore.

B.SilboGomeroistaughtinLaGomera,sschools.

C.TechnologyoutweighstraditionsonLaGomera.

D.SilboGomeroisimportantindailyconversations.

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了SilboGomer。这种哨子语言。

9.A【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Buthismessagewaslostonthesehikers,andthey

continuedtheirjourney.（但是这些徒步旅行者没有领会他的意思，他们继续他们的旅程）“可知,

徒步旅行者忽略了安东尼奥的邀请。故选A。

10.B【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Thelanguage,officiallyknownasSilboGomero,

replaceswrittenletterswithwhistledsoundsthatvarybypitchandlength.Unfortunately,there

arefewerwhistlesthanSpanishletters,soasoundcanhavemultiplemeanings,causing

misunderstandings.（这种语言的官方名称是席尔波戈梅洛语（SilbOGomero）,它用不同音高和

长度的哨声取代了书面字母。不幸的是，哨子的数量比西班牙字母要少，所以一个声音可能

有多种含义，导致误解）“可知，因为同样的声音有不同的含义，导致哨声可能会被误解。故

选B。

Iɪ.C【解析】主旨大意题。根据第三段“Withitsdistinctgeography,it,seasytoseewhywhistling

cameintoexistenceonLaGomera.Onmostoftheisland,deepvalleysrunfromhighpeaks

downtotheocean,andplentyoftimeandeffortarerequiredtotravelevenashortdistance

overland.Whistlingdevelopedasagoodalternativewaytodeliveramessage,withitssound

carryingfartherthanshouting--asmuchastwomilesacrosssomevalleyswithfavorablewind

COnditionS.（由于其独特的地理位置，很容易理解为什么吹口哨会出现在拉戈梅拉。在岛上的

大部分地方，深谷从山峰向下延伸到海洋，即使是很短的距离，也需要大量的时间和精力。

吹口哨成为了传递信息的另一种很好的方式,它的声音比喊叫传播得更远——在风向有利的

山谷里，它的声音可以传播两英里）“可知，第三段主要讲述了在拉戈梅拉岛上