中考英语一轮复习 考点详解+真题练习专项突破41 阅读理解之应用文（含解析）

专项41阅读理解之应用文一、文章类型 阅读理解之应用文包含广告、招聘、咨询和建议、通知等类型的文章。二、满分技巧 纵观历年各省市的中考题可以看出广告图表类的文章在阅读理解中占有相当大的比重，一般四篇阅读理解中至少有一篇是广告图表类。广告图表类的文章属于应用文的行列。考生在阅读这类材料时，主要从两方面入手：一是了解图表的主题，确定图表的主要内容，二是推敲图画上的文字或数字，找出它们之间的关联或试图表达的含义。A（2022·贵州遵义·中考真题）DoyouknowabouttheMobiusstrip(莫比乌斯环)?ItwasnamedaftertheGermanmathematician(数学家)AugustMobiusbecausehediscovereditin1858.Thespecialringisveryusefulinmathstudy.Let’smakeonenow.HowtomakeaMobiusstripThingsweneed¢Paper

¢Pencil

¢Scissors

¢Tape(胶带)StepstotakeCutastripofpaperabout3cmwide.Markadotoneachendofoneside.Tapethestripintoaringthatistwisted(弯曲的)sothedotsareonoppositesides.Drawalineonthetwistedring,startingatonedotandgoingbacktotheotherdotwhereitstarts.WhatwefindOnthetwistedring,thelinerunsalongbothsidesofthepaper—andyoudon’thavetoliftthepenciltomarkbothsides.Howamazing!TheMobiusstriphasonlyoneside!ThetwistedringiscalledtheMobiusstripbecauseitwas_________.A．inventedin1858 B．usedinmathstudyC．madeofspecialpaper D．discoveredbyAugustMobius2．WhichofthefollowingdoweneedtomakeaMobiusstrip?A．Anotebook. B．Aneraser.C．Apairofscissors. D．Aruler.3．Weneed_________stepstomakeaMobiusstrip.A．two B．three C．four D．five4．Whatcanwefindaftermakingthetwistedring?A．Thelinerunsalongbothsidesofthepaper.B．Wecangetastraightlinebetweenthetwodots.C．It’samazingthattheMobiusstriphastwosides.D．Wehavetoliftthepencilwhendrawingtheline.5．Whencanweprobablyreadthepassage?A．Inastorybook. B．Inatravelguidebook.C．Inasportsmagazine. D．Inasciencenewspaper.【答案】1．D

2．C

3．B

4．A

5．D【导语】本文主要讲述了莫比乌斯环的制作方法。1．细节理解题。根据“DoyouknowabouttheMobiusstrip(莫比乌斯环)?ItwasnamedaftertheGermanmathematician(数学家)AugustMobiusbecausehediscovereditin1858.”可知扭曲的环被称为莫比乌斯环，因为它是由奥古斯特·莫比乌斯发现的。故选D。2．细节理解题。根据“¢Paper

¢Pencil

¢Scissors

¢Tape(胶带)”可知制作莫比乌斯环需要纸张、铅笔、剪刀以及胶带，故选C。3．细节理解题。根据“Stepstotake”中的三个步骤可知我们需要3个步骤来制作莫比乌斯环，故选B。4．细节理解题。根据“Onthetwistedring,thelinerunsalongbothsidesofthepaper—andyoudon’thavetoliftthepenciltomarkbothsides.Howamazing!TheMobiusstriphasonlyoneside!”（在扭曲的环上，线沿着纸的两边，你不需要拿起铅笔在纸的两边做记号。太令人惊讶了！莫比乌斯环只有一面！）可知A选项“这条线沿着纸的两边。”符合，故选A。5．推理判断题。根据全文可知，本文主要讲述了莫比乌斯环的制作方法，所以可能在科学报纸上看到，故选D。B（2022·广西桂林·中考真题）Hereissomeinformationaboutaninternationalclass.Let’shavealook.NameAgeFromFavouriteColourHobbyDavid13AmericaRedSwimmingTom12EnglandOrangeRunningLily14ChinaGreenPaintingRose11CanadaBlueDancing根据表格信息，选择最佳选项。6．HowoldisDavid?A．13. B．12. C．14. D．11.7．WheredoesTomcomefrom?A．America. B．England. C．China. D．Canada.8．WhatisLily’sfavouritecolour?A．Red. B．Orange. C．Green. D．Blue.9．Wholikesblue?A．David. B．Tom. C．Lily D．Rose.10．WhatisDavid’shobby?A．Swimming. B．Running. C．Painting. D．Dancing.【答案】6．A

7．B

8．C

9．D

10．A【导语】本文是一篇应用文，介绍国际班的一些信息。6．细节理解题。根据“David...13”可知，大卫13岁，故选A。7．细节理解题。根据“Tom...England”可知，汤姆来自英国，故选B。8．细节理解题。根据“Lily...Green”可知，莉莉最喜欢绿色，故选C。9．细节理解题。根据“Rose...Blue”可知，罗斯喜欢蓝色，故选D。10．细节理解题。根据“David...Swimming”可知，大卫喜欢游泳，故选A。C（2022·陕西·测试·编辑教研五一模）Areyouinterestedinhistoryandculture?Doyouwanttoworkforamagazine?Ormaybeyou’reanoutgoingpersonthatisinterestedinnewmedia.ThemDaysistheplaceforyou!WeareanorganizationworkingonprotectinghistoryandCulture,andweareinneedofhighschoolstudents.Thestudentsshouldhavetomeettherequirementsbelow.Positions:EditorAssistantinterviewoldpeopleresearchspecialtopicsandwritearticlesFact-checkingArchives（档案）AssistantHelpwithtouristsinHappyValleyAnswerthequestionsfromtouristsPayment:$10.50/hour(Youneedtowork25hourperweek)Apply（申请）date,from18to28inJulyPleasesendyourresume（简历）:ThemDaysP.O.Box939.Stn.BHappyValleyGooseBay,NL.AoP1EoFax:(709)896-4970E-mail:themdays@Whatshouldaneditorassistantdo?A．Takephotosforspecialtopics. B．Interviewstudents.C．Checkthefactsinthemagazine. D．HelpwiththetouristsinHappyValley.12．Whencanyouapplyforthepositions?A．OnJune28. B．OnJuly26. C．OnJune18. D．OnAugust28.13．IfMaryworksforThemDays,shewillbepaidforfourweeks.A．$10.50 B．$262.5 C．$1,050 D．$2,10014．Whoisthetextwrittenfor?A．Highschoolstudents. B．Oldpeople. C．Parents. D．Tourists.【答案】11．C

12．B

13．C

14．A【导语】这是一则招聘启事，启事中介绍了招聘职业的内容、要求、薪资、申请时间以及方式。11．细节理解题。根据表格第二栏“EditorAssistant”下的职责内容可知，编辑助理需要采访老人、研究专题并撰写文章以及核实内容；根据表格第一栏中的“Doyouwanttoworkforamagazine?”可知，编辑助理的职责内容是有关一本杂志的，因此编辑需要核实的是杂志上的内容，故选C。12．细节理解题。根据表格中的“Apply（申请）date,from18to28inJuly”可知，申请日期从7月18日至28日，故选B。13．推理判断题。根据表格第三栏中的“Payment:$10.50/hour(Youneedtowork25hourperweek)”可知，这份工作的报酬为10.5美元/小时，并且需要每周工作25小时，因此Mary工作四周所得薪水为：10.5×25×4=1050（美元）。故选C。14．推理判断题。根据表格第一栏中的“…andweareinneedofhighschoolstudents.”可知，这家公司该职位面向高中生进行招聘，故选A。D（2022·广东·广州实验中学二模）MetroPocketGuideMetrorail(地铁)Eachpassengerneedsafarecard(车票卡)toenterandgoout.Uptotwochildrenunderageoffivemaytravelfreewithapayingcustomer.Farecardmachineareineverystation.Bringsmallbillsbecausetherearenochangemachinesinthestationandfarecardmachineonlyprovideupto＄5inchange.GetafreeridewithaOneDayPass.BuyitfromafarecardmachineinMetrostations.Youcanusethecardafter9:30a.m.untiltheendonweekdays,andalldayonweekendsandholidays.HoursofService•Open:5:00a.mMon.—Fri.

7:00a.m.Sat.—Sun.•Close:midnightMon.—Thur.

3:00a.m.Fri.—Sun.•Lasttraintimemaybedifferent.Toavoidmissingthelasttrain,pleasecheckthelasttraintimesinthestation.MetrobusWhenpayingwithchange,thefeeforMetrobusis＄1.35.WhenpayingwithaSmartTripCard,thefareis＄l.25.Faresfortheelder/disabledcustomersEldercustomer65orolderanddisabledcustomersmayrideforhalftheregularfee.OnMetrorailandMetrobus,useaElder/DisabledCardorSmartTripCard.FormoreinformationaboutbuyingacommonFarecard,Elder/DisabledCardsorSmartTripCardsandOneDayPass,pleasevisitorcall202-637-7000and202-637-8000.ElderanddisabledcustomerscangetfreeguideonhowtouseproperMetrobusandMetrorailservicesbycalling202-962-1100.Traveltips(提示)•Avoidridingduringweekdayrushhours—before9:30am.andbetween4and6p.m.•Ifyoulosesomethingonabusortrainorinastation,pleasecallLost&Foundat202-962-1195.15．AtwhattimedoesMetrorailstopserviceonSaturday?.A．AtmidnightB．At3:00a.m.C．At5:00amD．At7:00p.m.16．WhatisgoodaboutaSmartTripCard?A．Itisconvenientforoldpeople.B．Itsavesmoneyforitsusers.C．Itcanbeboughtatanytime.D．ItissoldontheInternet.17．WhichnumbershouldyoucallifyoulosesomethingontheMetro?.A．202-962-1195B．202-962-1100C．202-673-7000D．202-673-800018．Whatshouldyouknowaboutfarecardmachine?