高一英语第三单元知识点总结

Unit

3

Travel

journal

1.

transport

vt.

运输；运送

n.

运输；运送;交通工具

public

transport

公共交通

means

of

transport

交通工具

transport

sb./

sth.

from…to…把某人/某物从……运送到……The

goods

were

transported

from

the

factory

to

the

airport

by

air.

His

bike

is

his

only

means

of

transport.

The

goods

were

damaged

during

transport.

2.

prefer

vt.

更喜欢，选择某事（而不选择其他事物），宁愿

(preferred---

preferring)

1)prefer

sth/to

do

sth/

doing

sth

喜欢做某事

2)

prefer

sb

to

do

sth

宁愿某人做

3)prefer

doing

sth

to

doing

sth

与……相比，更喜欢……

4)prefer

to

do…rather

than

do…

宁愿做……不愿做……

5)prefer

that

…(should)

do…

更喜欢

preference为名词，意为偏爱，喜好；优先权

She

has

a

preference

for

blue.

Liu

Hulan

prefers

to

die

rather

than

give

in.

I

prefer

walking

to

riding

a

bike/cycling.

Their

father

prefers

them

to

be

home

early.

I

prefer

bananas

to

apples.

3.

disadvantage

为可数名词，意为不利条件，不便之处

be

at

a

disadvantage

处于不利地位

put

sb.

at

a

disadvantage/

be

to

one’s

disadvantage

置某人于不利境地/使某人处于劣势

The

fact

that

she

cannot

speak

English

put

her

at

a

disadvantage.

To

have

only

one

leg

is

a

disadvantage

to

him.

I

was

at

a

disadvantage

because

I

didn’t

speak

French.

Advantage

意为好处，优点，利益

take

advantage

of利用/占……的便宜

to

one’s

advantage

对某人有利

advantages

and

disadvantages

利害得失

The

agreement

is

to

our

advantage.

A

better

education

gave

us

the

advantage

over

those

who

didn’t

receive

education.

You’d

better

advise

him

to

take

advantage

of

the

opportunity.

4.

fare

指乘坐公共汽车、轮船、出租车等的费用；（飞机等的）票价

a

bus/taxi

fare

公共汽车/出租车费

a

single/return/round-trip

fare

单程票/返程票/来回票价

How

much

is

the

air

fare

to

Beijing?

Children

under

4

go/travel

half-fare/travel

at

full

fare/reduced

fare/half

fare.

把某人/某物从……运送到……fee

指给律师、医生等专业人员的酬金或（参加考试的）报名费，（加入俱乐部的或入场的）会费或学费等，常用复数形式。

a

membership

fee会费

If

you

want

to

join,

there

is

an

entrance

fee

of

$20.

charge

指给予服务后索要的费用或货物的费用。

What

is

the

charge

for

a

day

at

that

hotel?

5.

ever

since

从那以后

1）since可用作介词、连词或副词，其后可跟时间名词，从句或不跟任何结构，在从句中作时间状语，since从句的时态用一般过去时态，主句常用现在完成时。

Ever

since

their

marriage,

they

have

lived

happily.

2)It

is/has

been+一段时间+since+一般过去时（从句中的动作多不延续）“自从、、、、、、至今已经多久了”。

It

has

been

two

years

since

he

left

the

country.

他离开这个国家有两年的时间。

6.

persuade

vt.说服，劝说

1）

persuade

sb.

to

do

sth.=persuade

sb.

into

doing

sth.

说服某人做某事

2）

persuade

sb.

not

to

do

sth.=persuade

sb.

out

of

doing

sth.

说服某人不要做某事

3）

persuade

sb.

of

something=persuade

sb.

that从句

使某人相信某事

完成句子：

It

wasn’t

easy,

but

I

persuaded

him

to

do

the

right

thing.

I

am

almost

persuaded

of

his

honesty.

She

was

persuaded

into

buying

an

expensive

dress.

persuade与advise

persuade强调说服、劝说的结果。

advise建议。相当于try

to

persuade,只表达劝说的动作，不表示结果如何。

At

last

I

persuaded

my

brother

to

take

my

advice.

We

advised

him

to

give

up

smoking,

but

he

wouldn’t

listen.

7.

graduate

vi.

毕业；n.

大学毕业生

graduate

from

毕业于……学校

graduate

in

毕业于……专业

graduation为名词，意为毕业，毕业典礼

Mary

_graduated_from

_high_school__(从高中毕业)

two

yeas

ago.

His

brother

is

_a_Harvard_graduate/

a

graduate

of

Harvard_(哈佛大学毕业生).

She

managed

to

find

a

job

immediately

_after

graduation

_(在毕业之后).

He

_graduated

in

history_(毕业于历史专业).

8.

schedule

名词，意为时间表，进度表；动词，意为为某事安排时间

ahead

of/behind/on

schedule

提前/未按期/定期

be

scheduled

to

do

something

定于……（时间）做某事/安排/预计做某事

be

scheduled

for

为某事安排时间，定在某一天进行。

The

president

has

got

a

very

full/tight

schedule

today.9.

be

fond

of

喜爱，喜欢

I

am

fond

of

skating

in

winter.

10.

care

about

关心；忧虑；惦念

care

for

照顾；照料；喜欢；愿意

take

care

of

(=look

after)

照料

with

care

小心地

11.

mind

n.

意见，想法，理智

Try

to

get

her

to

change

her

mind

about

coming

with

us.

设法让她改变主意,不要和我们一块儿去。

I

wish

you’d

make

up

your

mind

whether

you

are

coming

or

not.

我希望你决定，最后来不来。

Yon

can

do

it

if

you

put

your

mind

to

it.

如果你全神贯注的话，你能做到的。

change

one’s

mind

改变主意

make

up

one’s

mind

to

do

sth.

下决心做……

speak

one’s

mind

直言不讳

take

one’s/

sb.’s

mind

off

sth.

转移自己/某人的注意力

lose

one’s

mind

发疯

have/

keep

one’s

mind

on

专心于某事

out

of

sight,

out

of

mind

眼不见，心不烦

read

one’s

mind

看出某人的心思

bring/call

something

to

(one’s)

mind

想起/

回忆起某事

keep

something

in

mind记住某事,

把某事记在心里

come

to/

into

one’s

mind浮现在某人的脑海中，想起12.

give

in

投降，屈服，让步；提交，递交

The

young

parents

gave

in

and

bought

the

boy

for

their

child.

He

never

gave

in

in

face

of

difficulty.

He

gave

in

to

his

wife

at

last.

Give

your

exam

papers

in

to

the

teacher

when

you

have

finished.

(hand

in/

turn

in)

give

in

to

向„„屈服，让步

give

away

赠送，颁发，泄露

give

up

放弃

give

back

归还

give

off

发出（光、热、气味、声音等）

give

out

耗尽，用尽；发布，宣布；筋疲力尽；分发

13.

pace

作为名词，意为一步，步调；步伐，节奏

Please

walk/

take

ten

paces

forward.

The

pace

of

modern

life

is

becoming

faster

and

faster.

作为动词，意为踱步，缓慢而行

My

sister

is

pacing

up

and

down

inside

the

room.

keep

pace

with

与„„并驾齐驱，与„„齐头并进，跟上„„的步伐

at

a

walking

pace

以步行的速度

at

a

good

pace

相当快地

speed

up/quicken

the

pace

加快步伐

As

it

was

getting

dark,

we

sped

up/quickened

the

pace.

14.

bend

作为名词，意为弯，拐角

There

is

a

sharp

bend

in

the

road/river.

作为及物动词，意为使弯曲；作为不及物动词，意为弯身，弯腰。(

bent,

bent)

Bend

the

end

of

the

wire

down.

bend

to

something

向„„屈服

bend

one’s

mind

to

something

专心致志的从事某事

We

will

not

bend

to

the

will

of

anyone.

He

couldn’t

bend

his

mind

to

his

studies.

15.

It

was

my

sister

who

first

had

the

idea

to

cycle

along

the

entire

Mekong

River

from

where

it

begins

to

where

it

ends.

首先想到要沿湄公河从源头到终点骑车旅游的是我姐姐。

1)

这是一个的强调句式（It

is/was+被强调成分+that/who+其他成分），意为“就是、、、、，是、、、、”，此结构仅限于强调主语、宾语和状语。强调人称主语要用who或that,强调人称宾语用whom或that,强调物用that.

句型转换

The

letter

you

got

yesterday

makes

you

so

sad.

(强调画线部分)

It

was

the

letter

that

you

got

yesterday

makes

you

so

sad.

The

football

match

had

to

be

put

off

because

of

bad

weather(强调画线部分)It

was

because

of

bad

weather

that

the

football

match

had

to

be

put

off.

2)

介词短语from…to…意为“从、、、、、、到、、、、、、”，在句中作地点状语。介词from和to后面都跟了一个由where引导的宾语从句。

16.

Although

she

didn’t

know

the

best

way

of

getting

to

places,

she

insisted

that

she

organize

the

trip

properly.

虽然她对去某些地方的最佳路线并不清楚，她却坚持要自己把这次旅行安排得尽善尽美。

insist

坚持，坚决主张

insist

on/upon

(doing)

sth

坚决要求

insist

on/upon

one’s

doing

坚持要某人做

insist

that

1)坚持要求/应该，坚决主张，后跟宾语从句要用虚拟语气

that

somebody

(should)

do

something

2）坚持说，坚持（意见、看法），后跟从句用真实语气

He

insisted

that

he

was

right.

He

insisted

that

he

should

do

the

job.

He

insisted

that

he____

nothing

wrong

and__c___

free.

A.

should

do;

set

B.

had

done;

set

C.

had

done;

be

set

D.

did;

was

set

17.

She

gave

me

a

determined

look------

the

kind

that

said

she

would

not

change

her

mind.

她给了我一个坚定的眼神——这眼神表明她不会改变主意。

determined

为形容词，意为坚定的，坚决的，果断的，有决心的

a

determined

look

坚定的眼神

be

determined

to

do

sth.

下定决心做某事

She

was

determined

to

go

to

university.

determine

动词

determine

to

do

sth.

下定决心做某事

determine

on/upon

sth.

决定某事

18.

at

an

altitude

of=

at

a

height

of

意为“在海拔……米处”。The

plane

is

flying

at

a

height/

at

an

altitude

of

10,000

feet.

at此处表“在……处/时，以……”,后接年龄、速度、长、宽、深、高、价格、费用等。

常见的短语有：

at

the

age/price

of…

at

a

speed/length/depth/width/distance

of…

19.

The

air

would

be

hard

to

breathe.

此句型为“主语+be+adj+不定式”结构，其中不定式和主语之间是动宾关系，不定式以主动形式表被动意义，若是不及物动词要加相应的介词。这样的句式限于以下形容词

hard,

difficult,

easy,

comfortable,

fit,

unfit.

English

is

difficult

to

learn

well

in

a

short

time.

The

building

is

nice

to

look

at.

I

hear

your

new

boss

is

not

easy___a__,

so

you

will

have

to

be

more

careful.

A.

to

get

along

with

B.

get

along

C.

to

be

got

along

with

D.

to

be

got

along

20.

Once

she

has

made

up

her

mind,

nothing

can

change

it.

句中once作连词，意为“一旦……就，一经……便,一……就……(=

as

soon

as)”

Once

you

begin,

you

must

continue.

Once

he

arrives

we

can

start.

21.

It

becomes

rapids

as

it

passes

through

deep

valleys,

travelling

across

western

Yunnan

Province.

当河水穿过深谷，流经云南西部时变成了急流。

as

在该句中用作连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“当„„的时候”。

travelling

across

western

Yunnan

Province

为现在分词短语作状语，伴随主句谓语动作发生。现在分词（短语）作状语时，表示主动关系，其逻辑主语就是句子的主语。

Walking

along

the

street,

I

met

one

of

my

old

friends.

Learning

about

Language

1.

fall

off

从„„跌落；数量减少

My

glasses

fell

off

the

desk

and

broke.

fall

behind

落后；落在后面

2.

A

determined

person

always

tries

to

finish

the

job,

no

matter

how

hard

it

is.

不管困难有多大，一个有决心的人总是设法完成工作。

no

matter

how

hard

it

is

为让步状语从句，no

matter是连词，意为“不管；无论”，它需要和what/who/when/where等特殊疑问词一起引导让步状语从句。

注意：当whoever,

whichever,

whatever引导名词性从句时，它们不能换成no

matter

who/which/what等。

Using

Language

1.

reliable

adj.

可信赖的；可靠的

Is

your

watch

reliable?

rely

vi.

信任；信赖

rely

on

依靠；依赖

reliability

n.

可靠，可靠性

2.

put

up

搭起，建造；举起，抬起；挂起，张贴；给某人提供食宿

Put

up

your

hand

if

you

have

any

questions.

We

can

put

you

up

for

the

night.

put

up

a

building/tent

put

up

a

notice/

a

poster

put

away

把„„收起来，收拾

put

out

生产，熄灭

put

down放下，写下，记下

put

on

穿上，增加

put

off延期

put

back

放回原处

put

one’s

heart

into

全神贯注

3.

view

作为可数名词，意为风景，景色；观点，看法；作为不可数名词，意为视野。

There

is

a

view

of

the

river

from

my

window.

What

is

your

view

on

school

punishments?

The

Monument

to

the

People’s

Heroes

came

i