2023年6月大学英语四级考试真题及答案解析(第三套)

2023年6月大学英语四级考试真题及答案解析（第三套）

PartIWriting

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanadvertisementonyourcampus

websitetosellacomputeryouusedatcollege.Youradvertisementmayincludeitsbrand,

specificationsfeatures,conditionandprice,andyourcontactinformation.Youshouldwriteat

least120wordsbutnomorethan180words.

【参考范文】

YourUltimateChoice---theUltimateComputer

Doyouneedacomputerinthenewsemester?Stilldepressedfornotbeingabletoaffordanew

computer?Goodnewsforyou!Mycomputermaybeanavailableoptionforyoutotakeinto

consideration.

Tobeginwith,it'sanApplelaptopwhichwasboughttwoyearsagoatthepriceof10,000RMB.It

isnowingoodconditionandfullyfunctional.Besides,mylaptopisportablesothatyoucantake

ittoanywhereyouwant.Thestoragespaceisbigenoughforyoutodoanyassignments,

includingeditinganddrawing.Finally,withthedual-coreprocessorandhigh-performancevideo

card,itcanbeunimpededwhenyouplayonlinegamesandwatchvideos.

Soifyouareeagertohaveacomputerofyourown,pleasedonothesitatetocallmeat1234567.

Iwillofferyoua50%discount!

【解析】“available"意思为"可获得的"；"takeintoconsideration"意思为"考虑〃；"storagespace"

意思为"存储空间"；"dual-coreprocessor〃意思为"双核处理器"；"unimpeded"意思为"畅通无

阻的〃。

PartIIListeningComprehension

与第一套一样。

PartIIIReadingComprehension

SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectoneword

foreachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassage

throughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.

PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethrough

thecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.

Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Themethodformakingbeerhaschangedovertime.Hops（口卑7酉花），forexample,whichgive

manyamodembeeritsbitterflavor,area__26__recentadditiontothebeverage.Thiswasfirst

mentionedinreferencetobrewingintheninthcentury.Now,researchershavefounda__27__

ingredientinresidue（残留物）from5000-year-oldbeerbrewingequipment.Whilediggingtwo

pitsatasiteinthecentralplainsofChina,scientistsdiscoveredfragmentsfrompotsandvessels.

Thedifferentshapesofthecontainers__28__theywereusedtobrew,filter,andstorebeer.They

maybeancient“beer-makingtools”,andtheearliest__29__evidenceofbeerbrewinginChina,

theresearchersreportedintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences.To__30__that

theory,theteamexaminedtheyellowish,dried___31__insidethevessels.Themajorityofthe

grains,about80%,werefromcerealcropslikebarley（大麦）andabout10%werebitsofroots

_32__lily,whichwouldhavemadethebeersweeter,thescientistssay.Barleywasan

unexpectedfind:thecropwasdomesticatedinWesternEurasiaanddidn'tbecomea___33__

梦想不会辜负每一个努力的人

foodincentralChinauntilabout2,000yearsago,accordingtotheresearchers.Basedonthat

timing,theyindicatebarleymayhave__34__intheregionnotasfood,butas__35__material

forbeerbrewing.

A)arrivedB)consumingC)directD)exclusivelyE)includingF)informG)rawH)reachedI)

relativelyJ)remainsK)resourcesL)stapleM)surprisingN)suggestO)test

26.【答案】I

【解析】分析句子构造，由空格前的冠词a和空格后的形容recent可知，空格处应填入一

个副词来修饰recent。依据语义，可知relatively更为适宜。故此题选I。

27.【答案】M

【解析】由空格前的冠词a和空格后的名词ingredient可知，空格处应填入一个形容词来修

饰ingredient。依据句子意思可知，填入surprising最为适宜。故此题选M。

28.【答案】N

【解析】分析句子构造，空格处可能缺少一个谓语动词，以引导后面的宾语从句。依据语意可知,

填入suggest最为适宜。故此题选N。

29.【答案】C

【解析】空格处缺少一个形容词，与earliest一同修饰名词evidence。再依据语意可知，填

入direct更为适宜。故此题选C。

30.【答案】0

【解析】空格处应填入一个动词原形。依据句意可知填入test最为适宜。故此题选0o

31.【答案】J

【解析】由空格前的形容词dried可知空格处应填入一个名词。依据语意可知remains最为

适宜。故此题选J。

32.【答案】E

【解析】由空格前的about10%werebitsofroots以及空格后的lily,再依据句意可知，此处

填入介前Jincluding最为适合。故此题选E。

33.【答案】L

【解析】依据语义，这里应填入staple—词，staplefood表示"主食"的意思。故此题应选L。

34.【答案】A

【解析】分析句子可知该从句为主谓构造，空格只可能和其前的mayhave组成谓语动词，

依据语意可知填入arrived最为适宜。故此题选A。

35.【答案】G

【解析】空格处应填入一个形容词来修饰后面的material,依据语义可知填入raw最为适宜，

故此题选G。

SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.

Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfrom

whichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphis

markedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet

2.

Teamspirit

[A]Teamshavebecomethebasicbuildingblocksoforganisations.Recruitmentadvertisements

routinelycallfor“teamplayers“Businessschoolsgradetheirstudentsinpartontheir

performanceingroupprojects.Officemanagersknockdownwallstoencourageteambuilding.

Teamsareasoldascivilisation,ofcourse:evenJesushad12co-workers.Butanewreportby

梦想不会辜负每一个努力的人

Deloitte,"'GlobalHumanCapitalTrends”,basedonasurveyofmorethan7,000executivesinover

130countries,suggeststhatthefashionforteamworkhasreachedanewhigh.Almosthalfof

thosesurveyedsaidtheircompanieswereeitherinthemiddleofrestructuringoraboutto

embarkon（开头）it;andforthemostpart,restructuringmeantputtingmoreemphasison

teams.

[B]Companiesareabandoningconventionalfunctionaldepartmentsandorganisingemployees

intocross-disciplinaryteamsthatfocusonparticularproducts,problemsorcustomers.These

teamsaregainingmorepowertoruntheirownaffairs.Theyarealsospendingmoretime

workingwitheachotherratherthanreportingupwards.Deloittearguesthatanew

organisationalformisontherise:anetworkofteamsisreplacingtheconventionalhierarchy（等

级体制）.

[C]Thefashionforteamsisdrivenbyasensethattheoldwayoforganisingpeopleistoorigidfor

boththemodemmarketplaceandtheexpectationsofemployees.Technologicalinnovation

placesgreatervalueonagility（敏捷T生）JohnChambers,chairmanofCiscoSystemsInc.,a

worldwideleaderinelectronicsproducts,saysthat"wecompeteagainstmarkettransitions[过

渡），notcompetitors.Producttransitionsusedtotakefiveorsevenyears;nowtheytakeoneor

two."Digitaltechnologyalsomakesiteasierforpeopletoco-ordinatetheiractivitieswithout

resortingtohierarchy.The"millennials”（千禧一代）whowillsoonmakeuphalftheworkforce

inrichcountrieswereraisedfromnurseryschoolonwardstoworkingroups.

[D]Thefashionforteamsisalsospreadingfromtheusualcorporatesuspects（suchasGEand

IBM）tosomemoreunusualones.TheClevelandClinic,ahospitaloperator,hasreorganisedits

medicalstaffintoteamstofocusonparticulartreatmentareas;consultants,nursesandothers

collaboratecloselyinsteadofbeingseparatedbyspeciality1专业）andrank.TheUSArmyhas

gonethesameway.Inhisbook,TeamofTeams,GeneralStanleyMcChrystaldescribeshowthe

army'shierarchicalstructurehindereditsoperationsduringtheearlystagesoftheIraqwar.His

solutionwastolearnsomethingfromtherebelsitwasfighting:decentralisingauthoritytoself-

organisingteams.

[E]Agoodruleofthumbisthatassoonasgeneralsandhospitaladministratorsjumpona

managementbandwagon（追随一种治理潮流），itistimetoaskquestions.LeighThompsonof

KelloggSchoolofManagementinIIlinoiswarnsthat,“Teamsarenotalwaystheanswer-teams

mayprovideinsight,creativityandknowledgeinawaythatapersonworkingindependently

cannot;butteamworkmayalsoleadtoconfusion,delayandpoordecision-making.Thelate

RichardHackmanofHarvardUniversityonceargued,havenoquestionthatwhenyouhavea

team,thepossibilityexiststhatitwillgeneratemagic,producingsomethingextraordinary...But

don/tcountonit."

[F]Hackman（whodiedin2023）notedthatteamsarehinderedbyproblemsofco-ordinationand

motivationthatchipawayatthebenefitsofcollaboration.High-flyers（能干的人）whoare

forcedtoworkinteamsmaybeundervaluedandfree-ridersempowered.Group-thinkmaybe

unavoidable.Inastudyof120teamsofseniorexecutives,hediscoveredthatlessthan10%of

theirsupposedmembersagreedonwhoexactlywasontheteam.Ifitishardenoughtodefinea

team'smembership,agreeingonitspurposeisharderstill.

[G]Profoundchangesintheworkforcearemakingteamstrickiertomanage.Teamsworkbestif

theirmembershaveastrongcommonculture.Thisishardtoachievewhen,asisnowthecasein

manybigfirms,alargeproportionofstaffaretemporarycontractors.Teamworkimproveswith

梦想不会辜负每一个努力的人

time:America'sNationalTransportationSafetyBoardfoundthat73%oftheincidentsinitscivil-

aviationdatabaseoccurredonacrew'sfirstdayofflyingtogether.However,asAmyEdmondsonof

Harvardpointsout,organisationsincreasinglyuse"team"asaverbratherthananoun:theyform

teamsforspecificpurposesandthenquicklydisbandthem.

[H]Theleastthatcanbeconcludedfromthisresearchisthatcompaniesneedtothinkharder

aboutmanagingteams.Theyneedtoridtheirmindsofsentimentalism（感情用事）：themost

successfulteamshaveleaderswhoareabletosetanoveralldirectionandtakeimmediateaction.

Theyneedtokeepteamssmallandfocused:givingintopressuretobemore“inclusive”isa

guaranteeofdysfunction.JeffBezos,Amazon'sboss,saysthat“IfIseemorethantwopizzasfor

lunch,theteamistoobig”.Theyneedtoimmuniseteamsagainstgroup-think:Hackmanargued

thatthebestonescontain“deviants”（离经叛道者）whoarewillingtodosomethingthatmay

beupsettingtoothers.

[I]Anewstudyof12,000workersin17countriesbySteelcase,afurniture-makerwhichalsodoes

consulting,findsthatthebestwaytoensureemployeesare“engaged"istogivethemmore

controloverwhereandhowtheydotheirwork-whichmaymeanliberatingthemfromhavingto

doeverythingincollaborationwithothers.

[J]However,organisationsneedtolearnsomethingbiggerthanhowtomanageteamsbetter:

theyneedtobeinthehabitofaskingthemselveswhetherteamsarethebesttoolsforthejob.

Team-buildingskillsareinshortsupply:Deloittereportsthatonly12%oftheexecutivesthey

contactedfeeltheyunderstandthewaypeopleworktogetherinnetworksandonly21%feel

confidentintheirabilitytobuildcross-functionalteams.Looselymanagedteamscanbecome

hotbedsofdistractionemployeesroutinelycomplainthattheycan'tgettheirworkdonebecause

theyareforcedtospendtoomuchtimeinmeetingsorcompelledtoworkinnoisyoffices.Evenin

theageofopen-planofficesandsocialnetworkssomeworkisbestlefttotheindividual.

36.Successfulteamleadersknowexactlywheretheteamshouldgoandareabletotakeprompt

action.

【答案】H

【解析】由"Theyneedtoridtheirmindsofsentimentalism:themostsuccessfulteamshave

leaderswhoareabletosetanoveralldirectionandtakeimmediateaction.〃可得出答案。

37.Decentralisationofauthoritywasalsofoundtobemoreeffectiveinmilitaryoperations.

【答案】D

【解析】由"TheUSArmyhasgonethesameway.Inhisbook,TeamofTeams,GeneralStanley

McChrystaldescribeshowthearmy'shierarchicalstructurehindereditsoperationsduringthe

earlystagesoftheIraqwar.Hissolutionwastolearnsomethingfromtherebelsitwasfighting:

decentralisingauthoritytoself-organisingteams.“可得出答案。

38.Inmanycompanies,theconventionalformoforganisationisgivingwaytoanetworkof

teams.

【答案】B

【解析】由"Deloittearguesthataneworganizationalformisontherise:anetworkofteamsis

replacingtheconventionalhierarchy.”可矢口，答案为B。

39.Membersofpoorlymanagedteamsareeasilydistractedfromtheirwork.

【答案】J

【解析】由"Looselymanagedteamscanbecomehotbedsofdistraction---employeesroutinely

complainthattheycan'tgettheirworkdonebecausetheyareforcedtospendtoomuchtimein

梦想不会辜负每一个努力的人

meetingsorcompelledtoworkinnoisyoffices."可知，答案为Jo

40.Teamworkismosteffectivewhenteammemberssharethesameculture.

【答案】G

【解析】由"Teamsworkbestiftheirmembershaveastrongcommonculture."可知，答案为G。

41.AccordingtoareportbyDeloitte,teamworkisbecomingincreasinglypopularamong

companies.

【答案】A

【解析】由"ButanewreportbyDeloitte,''GlobalHumanCapitalTrends”,basedonasurveyof

morethan7,000executivesinover130countries,suggeststhatthefashionforteamworkhas

reachedanewhigh."可知,答案为A。

42.Someteammembersfindithardtoagreeonquestionslikemembershipandtheteam's

purpose.

【答案】F

【解析】由〃lfitishardenoughtodefineateam'smembership,agreeingonitspurposeisharder

still."可知,答案为Fo

43.Somescholarsthinkteamworkmaynotalwaysbereliable,despiteitspotentialtowork

wonders.

【答案】E

【解析】由"ThelateRichardHackmanofHarvardUniversityonceargued,H\havenoquestion

thatwhenyouhaveateam,thepossibilityexiststhatitwillgeneratemagic,producingsomething

extraordinary...Butdon'tcount可知，答案为E。

44.Toensureemployee'scommitment,itisadvisabletogivethemmoreflexibilityastowhere

andhowtheywork.

【答案】I

【解析】由"Anewstudyof12,000workersin17countriesbySteelcase,afurniture-makerwhich

alsodoesconsulting,findsthatthebestwaytoensureemployeesare“engaged"istogivethem

morecontroloverwhereandhowtheydotheirwork-whichmaymeanliberatingthemfrom

havingtodoeverythingincollaborationwithothers.“可知，答案为I。

45.Producttransitionstakemuchlesstimenowthaninthepast.

【答案】C

[ftWfl由“Producttransitionsusedtotakefiveorsevenyears;nowtheytakeoneortwo何知，

答案为C。

SectionC

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsor

unfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).You

shoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2witha

singlelinethroughthecenter.

PassageOne

Questions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Urbanization-migrationawayfromthesuburbstothecentralcity-willbethebiggestreal

estatetrendin2023,accordingtoanewreport.

ThereportsaysAmerica'surbanizationwillcontinuetobethemostsignificantissueaffectingthe

industry,ascitiesacrossthecountryimitatethewalkabilityandtransit-orienteddevelopment

makingcitieslikeNewYorkandSanFranciscososuccessful.

梦想不会辜负每一个努力的人

Assmallercitiescopythemodelofthese"24-hourcities",moreaffordableversionsofthese

placeswillbecreated.Thereportreferstothisasthecomingofthe〃18-hourcity”,andusesthe

termtorefertocitieslikeHouston,Austin,Charlotte,andNashville,whichare""positioning

themselvesashighlycompetitive,intermsoflivability,employmentofferings,andrecreational

andculturalamenities.”

Anothertrendthatlookssignificantin2023isthatAmerica'slargestpopulationgroup,

Millennials(千禧一代)，willcontinuetoputoffbuyingahouse.Apartmentswillretaintheir

appealforawhileforMillennials,hauntedbywhathappenedtohome-owningparents.

Thistrendwillcontinueintothe2023s,thereportprojects.Afterthat,surveyrespondents

disagreeoverwhetherthisgenerationwillfollowintheirparents'footsteps,movingtothe

suburbstoraisefamilies,orwillchoosetoremainintheurbancore.Thesurveyprojectsthatthis

populationcohortwillevolveandsegmentovertime,andwarnsagainstpaintingthegeneration

withtoobroadabrush.

AnotherissueaffectingrealestateinthecomingyearwillbeAmerica'sfailinginfrastructure.

Mostroads,bridges,transit,watersystems,theelectricgrid,andcommunicationsnetworkswere

installed50to100yearsago,andtheyarelargelytakenforgranteduntiltheyfail.

Thereport'swritersstatethatAmerica'sfailuretoinvestininfrastructureimpactsnotonlythe

healthofthereal-estatemarket,butalsoourabilitytoremaingloballycompetitive.

Apartfromthespecifictrendshighlightedabove,whichcausesomeinvestorstoworry,thereport

portraysanoveralloptimismbornebytherecenthealthyreal-estate“upcycle“andimproving

economy.Seventy-fourpercentoftherespondentssurveyedreporta“goodtoexcellent”

expectationofreal-estateprofitabilityin2023.Whileexcessiveoptimismcanpromotebad

investmentpatterns,resultinginareal-estate“bubble”,thereport'swritersdownplaythat

potentialoutcomeinthatithasnotyetoccurred.

SomerespondentstotheEmergingMarketssurveycalltheurbanizationtrend“oversubscribed",

andthereportconcedesthattheredoexistsomeedgecitiesandsuburbswithpromise.But

theseplacesarefewandfarbetween.Themostsuccessfulplacesarethosebuiltusingurban-

designprinciples——withdensity,walkability,andgoodtransit.

Real-estateinvestorsin2023needtopayattentiontothetwomainconclusionofthereport:ifa

propertyresemblesorreliesuponsprawlinanyway,ordoesn'tappealtoMillennials,think

beforeyouinvest.

46.Accordingtothenewreport,realestatedevelopmentin2023willwitness

A)anacceleratingspeed

B)ashifttocitycenters

C)anewfocusonsmallcities

D)anever-increasingdemand

【答案】B

【解析】依据题干关键词realestatedevelopmentin2023可定位至第一段。

47.Whatcharacterizes/z24-hourcitieswlikeNewYork?

A)Peoplecanlivewithoutprivatecare.

B)Peoplearegenerallymorecompetitive.

C)Peoplecanemployservicesaroundtheclock.

D)Peopleareinharmonywiththeenvironment.

【答案】C

梦想不会辜负每一个努力的人

【解析】依据题干关键词24-hourcities和NewYork可定位至第三段。

48.WhyareMillennialsarereluctanttobuyahouse?

A)Theycanonlyaffordsmallapartments.

B)Thehousepricesarecurrentlytoohigh.

C)Theirparents,badexperiencestillhauntsthem.

D)Theyfeelattachedtothesuburbanenvironment.

【答案】C

【解析】依据题干关键词Millennials和buyahouse可定位第四段。

49.WhatmighthinderrealestatedevelopmentintheU.S.?

A)Thecontinuingeconomicrecessioninthecountry.

B)Thelackofconfidenceonthepartofinvestors.

C)Thefierceglobalcompetition.

D)Theworseninginfrastructure.

【答案】D

【解析】依据题干关键词hinder和realestatedevelopment可定位至第六、七段。

50.HowdomostoftherespondentsinthesurveyfeelabouttheU.S.real-estatemarketin2023?

A)Pessimistic.B)Hopeful.

C)Cautious.D)Uncertain.

【答案】B

【解析】依据题干关键词respondents和real-estatemarketin2023可定位至第八段。

PassageTwo

Questions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Thebrainistrulyamarvel.Aseeminglyendlesslibrary,whoseshelveshouseourmostprecious

memoriesaswellasourlifetime/sknowledge.Butisthereapointwhereitreachescapacity?In

otherwords,canthebrainbe"full"?

Theanswerisaresoundingno,because,well,brainsaremoresophisticatedthanthat.Astudy

publishedinNatureNeuroscienceearlierthisyearshowsthatinsteadofjustcrowdingin,old

informationissometimespushedoutofthebrainfornewmemoriestoform.

Previousbehaviouralstudieshaveshownthatlearningnewinformationcanleadtoforgetting.

Butinanewstudy,researchersdemonstratedforthefirsttimehowthiseffectoccursinthebrain.

Indailylife,forgettingactuallyhasclearadvantages.Imagine,forinstance,thatyoulostyour

bankcard.Thenewcardyoureceivewillcomewithanewpersonalidentificationnumber(PIN).

EachtimeyourememberthenewPIN,yougraduallyforgettheoldone.Thisprocessimproves

accesstorelevantinformation,withoutoldmemoriesinterfering.

Andmostofuswillbeabletoidentifywiththefrustrationofhavingoldmemoriesinterferewith

new,relevantmemories.Considertryingtorememberwhereyouparkedyourcarinthesamecar

parkyouwereataweekearlier.Thistypeofmemory(whereyouaretryingtoremembernew,

butsimilarinformation)isparticularlysusceptibletointerference.

Whenweacquirenewinformation,thebrainautomaticallytriestoincorporateitwithinexisting

informationbyformingassociations.Andwhenweretrieveinformation,boththedesiredand

associatedbutirrelevantinformationisrecalled.

Themajorityofpreviousresearchhasfocusedonhowwelearnandremembernewinformation.

Butcurrentstudiesarebeginningtoplacegreateremphasisontheconditionsunderwhichwe

梦想不会辜负每一个努力的人

forget,asitsimportancebeginstobemoreappreciated.

Averysmallnumberofpeopleareabletorememberalmosteverydetailoftheirlife.Whileit

maysoundlikeanadvantagetomany,peoplewiththisrareconditionoftenfindtheirunusual

abilityburdensome.

Somereportaninabilitytothinkaboutthepresentorthefuture,becauseofthefeelingof

constantlylivinginthepast,caughtintheirmemories.Andthisiswhatweallmightexperienceif

ourbrainsdidn'thaveamechanismforsupersedinginformationthat'snolongerrelevantanddid

indeedfillup.

Attheotherendofthespectrumisaphenomenoncalled//acceleratedlong-termforgetting",

whichhasbeenobservedinepilepsyandstrokepatients.Asthenamesuggests,thesepeople

forgetnewlylearntinformationatamuchfasterrate,sometimeswithinafewhours,compared

towhafsconsiderednormal.

Itsbelievedthisrepresentsafailureto“consolidate“ortransfernewmemoriesintolong-term

memory.Buttheprocessesandimpactofthisformofforgettingarestilllargelyunexplored.

Inasense,forgettingisourbrain'swayofsortingmemories,sothemostrelevantmemoriesare

readyforretrieval.Normalforgettingmayevenbeasafetymechanismtoensureourbrain

doesn/tbecometoofull.

51.Whathavepastbehaviouralstudiesfoundaboutourbrain?

A)Itscapacityactuallyknowsnolimits.

B)Itgrowssophisticatedwithpractice.

C)Itkeepsourmostpreciousmemoriesuntillife'send.

D)Newinformationlearnedpushesoldinformationout.

【答案】D

【解析】依据题干中的关键词pastbe