中考英语二轮复习课件：专题一名词

专题一名词中考考点梳理考点分类突破考点1

可数名词的变化规则可数名词所表示的人或事物可以用数来计算,有单数和复数两种形式。表示一个人或事物时用单数形式,表示两个或两个以上的人或事物时用复数形式。(1)规则变化构成方式例词一般在词尾加-s。desk—desks书桌mile—miles

英里以s,x,sh,ch结尾的词,直接加-es。brush—brushes刷子watch—watches手表以y结尾的词:a.以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的词,把y变为i,再加-es。b.以“元音字母＋y”结尾的词,直接加-s。factory—factories工厂monkey—monkeys

猴子构成方式例词以f或fe结尾的词,把f或fe变为v,再加-es。wolf—wolves狼wife—wives

妻子以o结尾的词:a.一般在词尾加-s。b.有些在词尾加-es。radio—radios

收音机photo—photos

照片potato—potatoes土豆口诀记忆名词单数变复数的规则变化名词单数变复数,直接加-s的占多数。词尾若是s,x,sh,ch,直接加上-es。词尾若是f或fe,加-s之前有些要变ve。“辅音字母＋y”结尾,要把y变i,再加-es。词尾字母若是o,加-es的有hero,tomato和potato。(2)不规则变化构成方式例词单复数形式相同sheep羊;绵羊Chinese中国人Japanese日本人特殊变化foot—feet脚tooth—teeth牙齿woman—women女人(续表)构成方式例词合成名词一般合成词只将主体词变复数bus

stop—bus

stops公共汽车站pencil

box—pencil

boxes铅笔盒由man和woman开头的合成词两词全变复数mandoctor—mendoctors男医生womanteacher—womenteachers女教师合成名词由man和woman结尾的合成词只将man,woman变复数fisherman—fishermen渔民policeman—policemen(男)警察考点2

不可数名词(1)不可数名词没有复数形式,不能用a/an修饰,但可用much,alotof/lotsof,plentyof,little,alittle,some,any等词修饰。其作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。There

is

some

tea

in

the

cup.杯子里有些茶。(2)“数词/不定冠词＋量词＋of＋不可数名词”常用来表示不可数名词的量,如apieceofpaper(一张纸),twocupsoftea(两杯茶),aglassofwater(一杯水),threebottlesofpop(三瓶汽水)。该结构作主语时,谓语动词的形式取决于of前面的量词的数。There

are

three

glasses

of

orange

juice

on

the

table.桌子上有三杯橙汁。

常考的不可数名词advice

建议

furniture

家具

homework

作业fun

乐趣

housework

家务

information

信息paper

纸

sugar

糖

work

工作

news

新闻progress

进步

traffic

交通

weather

天气单数和复数意义不同的名词exercise

锻炼—exercises习题;演练work

工作—works

著作paper

纸—papers

报纸;试卷room

空间—rooms

房间life

生活经历—lives

性命考点3

名词作定语(1)名词作定语一般用单数形式,但有些常以复数形式出现的名词则仍用复数形式。clothes

shop

服装店

sports

meeting

运动会(2)man/woman作定语时随所修饰的名词的数变化。men

doctors

男医生

women

drivers

女司机(3)“数词＋连字符＋名词”作定语,连字符后面的名词用单数形式。a

three-day

holiday

一个三天的假期a

five-year

plan

一个五年计划考点4

名词所有格(1)’s所有格类别构成方法示例有生命的单数名词加’smy

son’s

pen我儿子的钢笔有生命的复数名词以s结尾加’theteachers’office教师办公室不以s结尾加’sthechildren’shomework孩子们的家庭作业类别构成方法示例表示时间、距离、国家等的名词单数加’sanhour’swalk步行一小时的路程复数加’tendays’holiday十天的假期表示几个人共同拥有在最后一个人名后加’sMikeandJohn’sdeskMike和John的书桌表示每个人各自拥有在每个人名后加’sMike’s

and

John’sdesks

Mike的书桌和John的书桌

①’s所有格常用来表示有生命的事物,它也可以表示一些无生命的事物,如时间、距离、国家、城市或自然现象等。a

month’s

time

一个月的时间today’s

newspaper

今天的报纸②’s后面的名词是商店、住宅等地点时,后面的名词常常省略。at

the

doctor’s

在诊所;在医务室to

my

uncle’s

去我叔叔家(2)of所有格①表示无生命事物的所有关系一般用of所有格。a

leg

of

the

table桌子的一条腿②of所有格有时也可以用于人或有生命的东西,表示所属关系,特别是当这些所有者有较长的定语时。the

name

of

the

brave

young

man这个勇敢的年轻人的名字③表示某物的一部分或抽象概念。the

top

of

the

house房屋的顶部有的名词所有格可以用两种方式表示:the

story

of

Ma

Long＝Ma

Long’s

story马龙的故事(3)双重所有格双重所有格主要表示整体中的一部分,有两种形式:①of＋名词＋’sa

photo

of

my

brother’s我弟弟的一张照片②of＋名词性物主代词a

new

friend

of

mine我的一个新朋友

双重所有格和一般所有格意义不同,如aphotoofMary’s表示照片属于Mary,但照片上的人不一定是Mary本人;aphotoofMary表示照片上的人是Mary本人。专项能力检测Ⅰ.单项选择1.(2022·江苏扬州)Weyouthsdoourbestforourdreamsandtogetherasmallsuccesscangiveusasenseof

A

⁠.

A.achievementB.departmentC.treatmentD.entertainment2.(2022·江苏宿迁)Mygrandmaisgoodatpapercutting.Shecancutoutpicturesinthe

C

⁠ofcartooncharacters.

A.abilityB.weightC.shapeD.qualityA

C

3.(2022·湖北武汉)—WhydoyoupracticeT’aiChieveryday?—BecausethisChineseformofexercisehelpsmerelaxandfindmyinner(内心的)

D

⁠.

A.voiceB.qualityC.beautyD.peace4.(2022·新疆)—Ifindtherearemoreandmoreoverweightchildreninourschool.—Exactly,soweshouldhavegoodeating

D

⁠.

A.tasksB.choicesC.gradesD.habitsD

D

5.(2022·浙江温州)—Jack,Ihavenoideaforthereport.—Meneither.Whydon’tweasktheteacherfor

A

⁠?

A.helpB.jokesC.foodD.tickets6.(2022·天津)Mostparentsthinkitisagood

B

⁠totakeaschoolbusbecauseit’squitesafe.

A.riskB.choiceC.gameD.pity7.(2022·甘肃武威)The

A

⁠rangandPatansweredit.ItwashissoncallingfromNewYork.

A.telephoneB.doorbellC.clockD.bikeA

B

A

8.(2022·云南)MissLihaslotsofteaching

C

⁠.Shehasherownwaystomakeclasseslivelyandinteresting.

A.exerciseB.excitementC.experienceD.environment9.(2022·安徽)—Idomorningexerciseseveryday.Itworksmywholebody.—It’sagoodhabit.Ithelpsyoukeepingood

C

⁠.

A.timeB.touchC.healthD.silenceC

C

10.(2022·湖北襄阳)—Sheisleavingtotakepartinthefinalpoemcompetition.—I’mproudofher.Iwishheragreat

D

⁠.

A.speedB.methodC.pressureD.success11.(2022·重庆)It’srainingheavily.Pleasetakethe

C

⁠.

A.stoneB.flowerC.umbrellaD.postcard12.(2022·重庆)Thisyear,thefamilywentcampingon

D

⁠Day,June1st.

A.ChildB.Child’sC.ChildrenD.Children’sD

C

D

13.(2022·四川达州)—IwanttolearnmoreaboutthehistoryoftheTangDynasty.—WhynotusetheInternettofindmore

A

⁠?

A.informationB.messagesC.adviceD.discussions14.(2022·江苏连云港)Thehatisnottheright

A

⁠forme.I’dlikeasmallerone.

A.sizeB.styleC.colorD.materialA

A

15.(2022·云南昆明)—DoyouknowMarch21stisWorldSleepDay?Sleepisimportanttous.—Yes.Agoodsleepgivesus

C

⁠andmakesushappy.

A.truthB.fameC.energyD.culture16.(2021·江苏南通)—HaveyoudecidedwhattowriteaboutGulliver

in

Lilliputinthereport?—I’mnotsure.MaybeIneedtoreadsome

D

⁠aboutitbeforewriting.

A.reasonsB.rewardsC.resultsD.reviewsC

D

17.(2021·湖北鄂州)—What’syourfavorite

D

⁠,John?

—History.Itisveryinteresting.A.foodB.vegetableC.animalD.subject18.(2021·青海西宁)—Whatacleanandtidyroom!—Yes.It’s

A

⁠room.

A.TinaandNina’sB.Tina’sandNinaC.TinaandNinaD.Tina’sandNina’sD

A

19.(2021·四川凉山州)—Whatisthe

A

⁠ofyourbeautifulEnglishhandwriting?

—Practicemakesperfect.A.secretB.influenceC.choiceD.purpose20.(2021·江苏南京)YuanLongpingwasaworld-famousscientist.Becauseofhisachievements,rice

C

⁠hasbeenincreasedgreatly.

A.populationB.contributionC.productionD.introductionA

C

21.(2021·天津)Hisbeautifulmusichasbrought

B

⁠topeopleallovertheworld.

A.difficultyB.pleasureC.weatherD.danger22.(2021·湖北武汉)Theidiom(成语)“Mengzi’smothermakesthreemoves”tellsofamotherwhodidallshecouldtoprovidethebest

C

⁠forherchild.

A.experienceB.instructionC.environmentD.informationB

C

23.(2021·辽宁鞍山)—Hello,Eric.Youlooktired.—Yes,I’vedecidedtohaveagood

D

⁠bytakingawalkorseeingamovie.Ireallyneedtorelax.

A.mealB.sleepC.luckD.rest24.(2021·湖北襄阳)—HowdoyouimproveyourEnglish

C

⁠?

—IoftentalkwiththepersonswhosemotherlanguageisEnglish.A.populationB.transportationC.pronunciationD.suggestionD

C

25.(2021·云南昆明)ZhangGuimeistartedthefirstfreeseniorhighschoolforgirlstohelpthemgetan

A

⁠inLijiang,Yunnan.

A.educationB.invitationC.informationD.imaginationA

Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式或汉语提示完成句子。每空一词1.(2022·四川遂宁)IlikeautumnbestbecauseIthinkit’sthemostbeautiful

season

⁠(季节)inayear.

2.(2022·江苏宿迁)Thechildrenhavelearntaboutthe

fact

⁠(事实)thatlighttravelsfasterthansound.

3.(2022·江苏宿迁)—Whatareyougoingtobewhenyougrowup?—A

pilot

⁠(飞行员).

4.(2022·江苏宿迁)Teamworkisbasedon

trust

⁠(信任).Weunderstandeachotherandworktogetherforthesamegoal.

5.(2022·四川德阳改编)Westudentsmustfollowthe

rules

⁠(规则)ofourschool.

season

fact

pilot

trust

rules

6.(2022·四川眉山改编)Somewildanimalsneedourprotection,becausetheyareingreat

danger

⁠(dangerous)now.

7.(2022·四川眉山改编)Taking

notes

⁠(note)inclassisagoodwaytohelpyoureviewwhatyouhavelearned.

8.(2022·湖北随州改编)TheBeijingOlympicWinterGamesopenedon

February

⁠(二月)4th,2022.

danger

notes

February

9.(2022·江苏苏州改编)Suzhouisveryattractivewithdifferentkindsofancient

bridges

⁠(bridge).

10.(2022·江苏苏州)TheTiangongspacestationisthe

pride

⁠(骄傲)ofallChinese.

bridges

pride

11.(2022·浙江杭州改编)JimwillbeonsummervacationinJuneand

July

⁠(七月).

12.(2022·浙江杭