状语从句课件

副词性从句（状语从句）语法讲与练AllRightsReserved.杭州外国语学校高三英语组2007.1Leo1精品PPT|实用可编辑第一页，共五十页。欢迎来到从句大家庭！从句分三类：名词性从句，形容词性从句，副词性从句。副词性从句就是状语从句，家庭成员最多。高考状语从句考查重点从属连词的选择；同类状语从句中连词的辨析。2精品PPT|实用可编辑第二页，共五十页。

状语从句在主从复合句中作状语修饰主句中的动词，形容词或副词，按意义可分为

时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、行为方式、比较、让步等九种状语从句。一般位于句首或者句末，位于句首，用逗号和主句格开。

3精品PPT|实用可编辑第三页，共五十页。引导状语从句的关联词是从属连词4精品PPT|实用可编辑第四页，共五十页。5精品PPT|实用可编辑第五页，共五十页。考点（1）when,as,while引导时间状语从句When既可引导持续动作，又可引导短暂动作。它表示主句动作和从句动作同时发生，或从句动作在主句动作之前。WhenIwasaboy,IusedtogototheseashoreonSundays.（同时）Whenthelessonwasover,webeganourwriting.（从句动作在前）while指“在某一时间里”，“在…期间”，从句动作必须是持续性；也强调主句和从句动作的同时发生，往往侧重主从句动作的对比。WhilehewasinLondon,hestudiedmusic.

as常和when,while通用，但侧重主句和从句的动作同时发生，说明两种正在发展和变化的情况。Hehurriedhome,lookingbehindashewent.Isawyoursisterasshewasgettingonthebusyesterday.Hesangashewalked.一、时间状语从句6精品PPT|实用可编辑第六页，共五十页。______heleftschoolatfourteen,hebegantotrainasanengineer.A.WhileB.SinceC.WhenC.Then______thedaywenton,theweathergotworse.A.WithB.SinceC.WhileD.As当when,as,while表示“在…一段时间里”，主从句的动作同时发生时，可以换用。如：

While(When或As)wewerediscussing,Mr.Smithcamein.When和while引导时间状语从句时，若主句的主语和从句的主语一致的时候，可以用when/while+现在分词表示。____ayoungman,hewenttoFranceforFrench.A.WhenB.WhileC.AsD.Since7精品PPT|实用可编辑第七页，共五十页。*when可表示“如果”。如：Don’tbeafraidofaskingforhelp_____itisneeded.A.UnlessB.sinceC.althoughD.whenwhen和while还可以是并列连词，意思分别是“就在这时”，“然而”。如：Hewasabouttotellmethesecret____someonepattedhimontheshoulder.asB.untilC.whileD.whenIdoeverysinglebitofhousework____myhusbandBobjustdoesthedishesnowandthen.sinceB.whileC.whenD.asJasminewasholidayingwithherfamilyinawildlifepark____shewasbittenonthelegbyalion.A.whenB.whileC.sinceD.before8精品PPT|实用可编辑第八页，共五十页。考点2表示时间的词组引导状从assoonas,nosooner…than…,hardly(barely,scarcely)…when…等用法都表示主从动作相继发生。hardly和nosooner放在句首，从句要倒装。例：Hardlyhadshesatdownwhenthetelephonerang.Immediately,instantly，themoment，theinstant,theminute,thesecond，theday(the+瞬时名词/段时名词)等表示时间概念的词也可引导时间状从。例：IwenttoseehimimmediatelyIheardfromhim.bythetime,eachtime,everytime,anytime,lasttime,nexttime,firsttime,soonafter,shortlyafter都可以作为连词引导时间状语。如：IrecognizedhimthemomentIsawhim.Bythetimehewasfour,hehadtaughthimselfmath.Eachtimehecame,hewouldcallonme.9精品PPT|实用可编辑第九页，共五十页。---DidyouremembertogiveMarythemoneyyouowedher?---Yes,Igaveittoher______Isawher.A.forthemomentB.themomentC.atthemomentD.while10精品PPT|实用可编辑第十页，共五十页。考点3until/till主句谓语动词是持续动词，“直到…为止”。如：

Iworkedtill(until)hecameback.

not…until…:“直到…才”,主句谓语动词必须是短暂性的如：Shewon’tgotobedtill/untilhereturnshome.not…until结构若在强调句中成为被强调的部分，须将not和until连在一起并前移，如果notuntil在句首，主句倒装。ItwasnotuntilhecamebackthatIknowit.=NotuntilhecamebackdidIknowit.11精品PPT|实用可编辑第十一页，共五十页。Agoodstorytellermustbeabletoholdhislisteners’curiosity_____hereachestheendofthestory.whenB.unlessC.afterD.untilWeweretoldthatweshouldfollowthemainroad___wereachedthecentralrailwaystation.wheneverB.untilC.whileD.whereverNotuntilallthefishdiedintheriver___howseriousthepollutionwas.A.didthevillagersrealizeB.thevillagersrealizedC.realizedthevillagersD.didn’tthevillagersrealize12精品PPT|实用可编辑第十二页，共五十页。*如果before引导的从句位于主句之后，词义非常灵活，注意下列句子中的before的词义：1.BeforeIcouldgetinaword,thetailorhadmeasuredme.(还没来得及…就)2.Wehadn’trunamilebeforehefelttired.(还没…就)3.Wehadsailed4daysbeforewesawland.(…才…)4.Pleasewriteitdownbeforeyouforgetit.(趁还没…就)考点4before13精品PPT|实用可编辑第十三页，共五十页。PPT内容概述副词性从句（状语从句）语法讲与练。When既可引导持续动作，又可引导短暂动作。while指“在某一时间里”，“在。when和while还可以是并列连词，意思分别是“就在这。主句谓语动词是持续动词，“直到。until结构若在强调句中成为被强调的部分，须将not。＋倍数＋比较级＋thanB。＋倍数＋as原级as＋B。倍数＋more＋名词＋than。3.while可以引导时间、让步、条件和原因等4种状语从句。当时间、条件、让步、方式和比较状语从句的主语。Since,before,after引导状从有时可变为短语。49第十四页，共五十页。Scientistssayitmaybefiveorsixyears____itispossibletotestthismedicineonhumanpatients.A.sinceB.afterC.beforeD.whenItwasevening_____wereachedthelittletownofWinchester.A.thatB.untilC.sinceD.beforeSomeonecalledmeupinthemiddleofthenight,buttheyhungup____Icouldanswerthephone.A.asB.sinceC.untilD.beforeHemadeamistake,butthenhecorrectedthesituation___itgotworse.A.untilB.whenC.beforeD.as15精品PPT|实用可编辑第十五页，共五十页。重要考点几个极易混淆的时间状语从句：Itwas+时间点+when…（当的时候时间是）Itwas5amwhenwearrivedatthevillage.Itwas/willbe+时间段+before…(没过…就／过了…才)Itwas/willbetwoweeksbeforewemet/meetagain.Itis/hasbeen+时间段+since…（自从…以来有…）Itis/hasbeen3yearssincewelastmet.突破点：一看be动词的时态，二看时间段还是时间点。注意：在“Itis/hasbeen+时间段+since…”句型中，从句的动词必须是短暂性的，如果是延续性的动词，时间要从从句的动作结束时算起。如：Itis3yearssinceIsmoked.(我戒烟有三年了)16精品PPT|实用可编辑第十六页，共五十页。注意：时间状语从句中谓语动词不能用任何一种将来时，只能用现在时和过去时表示将来时。17精品PPT|实用可编辑第十七页，共五十页。二、地点状语从句where/wherever引导，要注意wherethere连用的某些情况下，使得地点从句更像是一个条件句。例如：Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.

Thefamousscientistgrewup____hewasbornandin1930hecametoShanghai.A.whenB.wheneverC.whereD.whereverShefoundhercalculator_____shelostit.A.whereB.whenC.inwhichD.that18精品PPT|实用可编辑第十八页，共五十页。考点地点状语从句和定语从句的区别：①定语从句前有一个表示地点的名词作先行词；而地点状语从句无此特征。②地点状语从句可位于句首，而定语从句不可。IfoundthepenwhereIhadleftit．IfoundthepeninthedeskwhereIhadleftit．19精品PPT|实用可编辑第十九页，共五十页。三、原因状语从句：考点1：because,as,since,for引导原因状从的区别。because表示的原因因果关系很强,as和since表示已知的或比较明显的原因，译为“由于”“既然”，since比as更正式，as从句有时候可以倒装。1.在强调句中强调原因状语从句，只能用because引导，不可用as或since，如：

Itwasbecausehewasillthathedidn’tgowithus.2.because可以引导表语从句,而as,since不可以，这时状语一般都是it,this,that如：It’sbecauseheistoolazy.3.Tiredashewas,hewenttobedearly.(倒装表示原因)as也可以引导让步状语从句，具体意义由上下文表明。4.*for也有“因为”之意，是并列连词，语气较强。常用来补充说明原因或用来表示推断的依据，前面常带逗号。如：Itmusthaverainedlastnight,forthegroundiswet．20精品PPT|实用可编辑第二十页，共五十页。Parentsshouldtakeseriouslytheirchildren’srequestsforsunglasses____eyeprotectionisnecessaryinsunnyweather.A.becauseB.thoughC.unlessD.if

21精品PPT|实用可编辑第二十一页，共五十页。考点2Nowthat(既然),seeingthat,consideringthat等也可以引导原因状语从句。___________youhavefinishedyourhomework,youmaygohomenow.A.WhenB.InthatC.FromthatD.Nowthat22精品PPT|实用可编辑第二十二页，共五十页。四、条件状语从句:由if,unless,so/aslongas(只要),so/asfaras,incase(that)(万一),supposingthat,providing/providedthat等引导：Ifplasticsandrubberareburned,theygiveoffpoisonousgases.

Youcangoout,aslongas(solongas)youpromisetobebackbeforeeleven.IncaseIforget,pleaseremindmeaboutthat.注意：条件状语从句中的谓语动词的时态不可用将来时，只能用现在时态或过去时态表示将来时。AsfarasIcantell,thewholethingshouldcostabout$500.

Unlessyouworkhard,youwillfail,23精品PPT|实用可编辑第二十三页，共五十页。1)Johnmayphonetonight.Idon’twanttogoout____hephones.

A.aslongasB.inorderthatC.incaseD.sothat3)Themenwillhavetowaitallday____thedoctorworksfaster.A.ifB.unlessC.whetherD.that4)____youcallmetosayyou’renotcoming,I’llseeyouatthetheatre.A.ThoughB.WhetherC.untilD.Unless5)Youwillsucceedintheend______youdon’tgiveuphalfway.A.evenifB.asthoughC.aslongasD.unless24精品PPT|实用可编辑第二十四页，共五十页。6)____Iknowthemoneyissafe,Ishallnotworryaboutit.A.EventhoughB.UnlessC.AslongasD.While7)---Howfarapartdotheylive?---____Iknow,theyliveinthesameneighborhood.A.AslongasB.AsfarasC.AswellasD.Asoftenas8)____Icansee,thereisonlyonepossiblewaytokeepawayfromthedanger.A.AslongasB.AsfarasC.JustasD.Evenif25精品PPT|实用可编辑第二十五页，共五十页。五让步状语从句：由though,although,as(虽然尽管),evenif,eventhough,wh-ever,nomatter-wh,whether引导.1)Thoughheisold,yetheisactive.2)Althoughmostofthepeopleagreed,somewerenotwillingtoaccepted.3)Proudasthenoblesare,heisafraidtoseeme.Wewouldn’tloseheartevenifweshouldfailtentimes.4)Whenever(=nomatterwhen)youcallonme,youarealwayswelcome.5)Wherever(nomatterwhere)youwork,youcanalwaysfindtimetostudy.6)Taketheoneyoulikebest,whichever(nomatterwhich)itis.26精品PPT|实用可编辑第二十六页，共五十页。7)NomatterwhatIsayorhowIsayit,healwaysthinksI’mwrong.8)Whetherhecomesornot,we’lldiscusstheproblemthisafternoon.注意：（1）让步状语从句在句中的位置可放前也可放后，有时还可以插在主句中间，前置时，强调主句内容，后置时强调从句内容。

（2）though与although同义，用法基本一样，前者通俗，口语化；后者较正式，多放于句首，不能与but连用，但可以与yet,still等连用，用来加强语气。Though(Although)hewastired,yet(still)hewentonworking.27精品PPT|实用可编辑第二十七页，共五十页。考点1as引导让步状语从句倒装,作为从句表语的形容词或者名词位于从句主语之前。此外还有however也要倒装。although不可以倒装，though可倒可不倒，不倒多________,hedoesn’tstudywell.AsheiscleverB.HeisascleverC.CleverasheisD.AscleverheisYoushouldreportanyincident,_______seriousorminoritis.A.howeverB.whateverC.whoeverD.whichever考点2whether引导状从和or连用Whethersickorwell,she’salwayshappy.28精品PPT|实用可编辑第二十八页，共五十页。1)____,Ihaveneverseenanyonewho’sascapableasJohn.

A.AslongasIhavetraveledB.NowthatIhavetraveledtomuchC.MuchasIhavetraveledD.AsIgavetraveledtomuch2)Mr.Hallunderstandsthat____mathhasalwaysbeeneasyforhim,itisnoteasyforthestudents.A.unlessB.sinceC.althoughD.when3)---Dad,I’vefinishedmyassignment.---Good,and_____youplayorwatchTV,youmustn’tdisturbme.A.wheneverB.whetherC.whateverD.nomatter4)Youcaneatfoodfreeinmyrestaurant____youlike.A.wheneverB.whereverC.whateverD.however29精品PPT|实用可编辑第二十九页，共五十页。5)_____,Ihavetoputitawayandfocusmyattentiononstudythisweek.A.HoweverthestoryisamusingB.NomatteramusingthestoryisC.HoweveramusingthestoryisD.Nomatterhowthestoryisamusing6)Youshouldtrytogetagoodnight’ssleep____muchworkyouhavetodo.A.howeverB.nomatterC.althoughD.whatever

30精品PPT|实用可编辑第三十页，共五十页。六方式状语从句：Theteachertoldthestudentstodoashedid.Leaveitasitis.Heheardanoise,asifsomeonewasbreathing.Isawthemanlookingabouthimasifhewishedtoimpressuponhismindeverything.asif和asthough意义和用法大致一样，引导的从句多用虚拟语气，但也可用陈述语气。HetreatsmeasifIwerehisownson.由连词：as（象…一样）,asif,asthough引导31精品PPT|实用可编辑第三十一页，共五十页。七目的状语从句

通常由that,sothat,inorderthat,so…that,incase（以防、免得）forfearthat(以防，以免)等引导Hegotupearlyinorderthathecouldcatchtheearlybus.Shemarriedhimsothatshemighttendandcomforthim.Iexplainedagainincaseheshouldmisunderstandme.注意:

目的状语从句中谓语动词常含有may(might),can(could)should,will等情态动词。Ihidtheknifeunderthebed__________hefoundit.A.ifB.sothatC.forfearthatD.inorderthat32精品PPT|实用可编辑第三十二页，共五十页。1)Johnshuteverybodyoutofthekitchen_____hecouldpreparehisgrandsurprisefortheparty.A.whichB.whenC.sothatD.asif2)Rosesneedspecialcare_____theycanlivethroughwinter.A.becauseB.sothatC.evenfD.as3)Sallyworkedlateintheeveningtofinishherreport___herbosscouldreaditfirstnextmorning.A.sothatB.inordertoC.beforeD.soas33精品PPT|实用可编辑第三十三页，共五十页。八结果状语从句：Itwasverycold,______theriverfroze.Thebookis___written______itgivesaquitewrongideaofthefacts.Therewere____manypeople(=suchalotofpeople)intheroom_____wecouldnotgetin.Hemade______anexcellentspeech____everyoneadmiredhim.由that,sothat,so…that,such…that，withtheresultthat引导：注意so在主句中修饰形容词或者副词，such在主句中修饰名词sothatsososuchthatthatthat34精品PPT|实用可编辑第三十四页，共五十页。考点1so…that和such…that在一定条件下可以互相换。Such修饰带有形容词的单数可数名词时，可以用so…that来代替such…that,这时不定冠词在形容词之后；当such修饰不可数名词和复数名词时，不能用so…that来代替such…that,但可以用somany,somuch,sofew,solittle等短语It’ssuchagoodfilmthatI’veseenittwice.=Itis________________thatI’veseenittwice.(so)I’vesofewchancesthatIcanenjoymyself.考点2sothat表示目的还是表示结果？有时看逗号。结果从句多用逗号隔开。Wearrivedearlysothatwecouldgetgoodseats.Wearrivedearly,sothatwegotgoodseats.sogoodafilm35精品PPT|实用可编辑第三十五页，共五十页。考点3若表示强调，可以将so或者such移到句首，主句用部分倒装。Sobadlywasheillthathewastakentothehospital.36精品PPT|实用可编辑第三十六页，共五十页。九、比较状语从句：由连词as…as,notso(as)…as,than等引导：Ihopeitwasasgoodastheoneyoulentme.Actuallytheoceanfloorarealmostasirregularastheexposedlandarea.

Noonecanbemorefitforhisofficethanheis.

Hecan’trunsofastasshe.考点1：“the+比较级(接从句)，the+比较级(接主句)，这一句型也归在比较状语从句内。如：

Themoreyoustudy,themoreyouknow.

Theharderwework,thehappierwefeel.37精品PPT|实用可编辑第三十七页，共五十页。AsfarasIamconcerned,educationisaboutlearningandthemoreyoulearn,_____.A.themoreforlifeareyouequippedB.themoreequippedforlifeyouareC.themorelifeyouareequippedforD.youareequippedthemoreforlife38精品PPT|实用可编辑第三十八页，共五十页。考点2比较状从常用as或than引导时，有一些成分被省略,有时候要用that来代替比较对象，否则要产生歧义Johnplaysfootball_______,ifnotbetterthan,David.A.aswellB.aswellasC.sowellD.sowellasTheweatherofNanjinginsummerisashotas______Wuhan.A.不填B.thoseofC.thatofD.in考点3as…as,notso(as)…as否定句中可以用“so”第二个as才是引导状从的从属连词Thehorseisgettingoldandcannotrun____itdid.A.asfasterasB.sofastthanC.sofasterasD.sofastas39精品PPT|实用可编辑第三十九页，共五十页。考点4有比较级概念不用than从句Elder,former,latter等形容词，形式是比较级，但不用于than从句。Heistheelderofthetwo.考点5than从句表示最高级than+anyother+单数，than+alltheother+复数，than+any…else等；否定词＋than引导状从也可表示最高级，如Ihaveneverseena______interestingmovie.A.mostB.moreC.betterD.nomore考点6than后面人称代词主格宾格有时候意思不同。ShedrawsbetterthanI(me)相同。－－Yourwifeseemstolikeherdogverymuch.－－Yes,shelikesthedogmorethan_____.A.IB.meC.herD.she40精品PPT|实用可编辑第四十页，共五十页。考点7几种指明客观差异，并作出主观选择的比较句型Better+（主语）＋形容词（或副词，名，不定式等）…+than+被比对象Bettertolightonecandlethantocursethedarkness.主语＋wouldrather+动词原形…+than+动词原形Theywouldratherdieasfreementhanliveasslaves.主语＋谓语＋ratherthan+动词原形Idecidedtowriteratherthantelephone.主语＋wouldsooner+动词原形…+than+动词原形Iwouldsoonerdiethandosuchathing.Soonerthan+动词原形…,主句主语＋would+动原Soonerthandosuchwork,Iwoulddie.41精品PPT|实用可编辑第四十一页，共五十页。考点8morethan和more…than的不同含义morethan+名词不止，不仅仅是morethan+形容词、动词很，非常morethan+数词超出，多余morethan+(that)从句远非，超过….more/less…than与其说，倒不如说如果有形容词用原级请翻译一下几句话Hibernationismorethansleep.Thetowerismorethan100metershigh.Ihavemorethanenough.ThebeautyofXihuismorethanIcandescribe.Itismorebluethangreen.Thegirlislesshurtthanfrightened.42精品PPT|实用可编辑第四十二页，共五十页。考点9比较状语从句表示倍数，可以用as和than来表示。三种句型：1)A…＋倍数＋比较级＋thanB如：Thisbuildingistwicetallerthanthatone．2)A…＋倍数＋as原级as＋B如：Thisbuildingisthreetimesastallasthatone．3)A…＋倍数＋thesize(height,weight,lengthetc．)＋ofB如：Thisbuildingisthreetimesthesizeofthatone．(2)句型变式：倍数＋more＋名词＋than*倍数＋asmany/much＋名词＋asAmericanseatmorethantwiceasmanyvegetablesperpersontodayastheydidin1910.43精品PPT|实用可编辑第四十三页，共五十页。精品PPT·收集整理第四十四页，共五十页。WiththehelpoftheGermanexperts,thefactoryproduced_______carsin1993astheyearbefore.astwicemanyB.asmanyastwiceastwiceasmanyD.twiceasmanyItisreportedthattheUnitedStatesuses_______________thewholeofEurope.TwiceenergymorethanTwiceenergyasmuchasTwicea