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第页第三部分翻译全真试题1996年专八翻译真题(原文)
近读报纸,对国内名片和请柬的争论颇多,于是想起客居巴黎时常常见到的法国人手中的名片和请柬,随笔登记来,似乎不无借鉴之处。在巴黎,名目繁多的酒会,冷餐会是广交朋友的好机会。在这种场合生疏人相识,假如是亚洲人,他们往往开口之前先毕恭毕敬地用双手把自己的名片呈递给对方,这似乎是不可缺少的礼节。然而,法国人一般却都不大主动递送名片,双方见面寒喧几句甚至海阔天空地聊一番也就各自走开。只有当双方谈话投机,盼望接着交往时,才会主动掏出名片。二话不说先递名片反倒有些牵强。法国人的名片讲究朴实大方,印制精致,但很少有镶金边儿的,闪光多色的或带香味儿的,名片上的字体纤细秀丽,本人的名字也不过分突出,整张纸片上空白很大,毫无拥挤不堪的感觉。(参考译文)
Inreadingrecentnewspapers,IhavecometofindthatpeopleinChinahavebecomemoreandmoreinterestedindiscussingaboutnamecardsandinvitationletters.ThishastriggeredmyreminiscencesofthenamecardsandinvitationlettersoftheFrenchpeoplethatIsawwhenIwasresidinginParis.Inwritingdownthoserandomreminiscences,Ibelievethattheymightprovidesomeusefulinformationforustolearnfrom.InParis,allthewinepartiesandbuffetreceptionsheldonvariousoccasionsprovideoptimumopportunitiestomakefriendswithallvarietiesofpeople.Whenencounteringastrangeronsuchanoccasion,anAsianwouldinvariablyhandoverhisnamecardtothenewly-metstrangerwithfullreverence,withbothofhishands,evenbeforehestartstoconversewiththestranger.Suchanactseemstohavebecomeanindispensableritual(formality/etiquette).Bycontrast,anaverageFrenchmanseldomtakestheinitiativeto(offersto/volunteersto)presenthisnamecard.Instead,hewouldsimplywalkawayafteranexchangeofroutinegreetingsorevensomeaimless(random/casual)chat.Onlywhenbothsidesbecomedeeplyengrossed(engaged/involved)intheirconversationandhavetheintentiontomakefurtheracquaintancewitheachotherwouldtheyoffertogivetheirnamecards.ItwouldseemsomehowbizarreifaFrenchpersonoffershisnamecardwithoutsayinganythingtothestrangerinthefirstplace.TheFrenchtendtotakeextraordinaryprecautiontomaketheirnamecardssimpleyetelegant.Exquisitelydesignedandprinted,theirnamecardsareseldomgolden-framed,orcolorfullyshiny,ortintedwithfragrantsmells.Thelettersasappearontheirnamecardstendtobediminutivebutbeautiful,notallowingthenameofthecard-bearertobeoverlyprominent/salient.Theentirecardcontainsmuchemptyspace,impartingnosenseofover-crowdedness.SectionB:TranslatethefollowingunderlinedpartoftheEnglishtextintoChinese(原文)
Fourmonthsbeforetheelectionday,fivemengatheredinasmallconferenceroomattheReagan-Bushheadquartersandreviewedanoversizecalendarthatmarkedtheremainingdaysofthe1984presidentialcampaign.ItwasthelastSaturdayinJuneandatteno'clockinthemorningtherestoftheofficewaspracticallydeserted.Evenso,themenkeptthedoorshutandthedrapescarefullydrawn.Thethreeprincipalsandtheirtwodeputieshadcomefromaroundthecountryforacriticalmeeting.TheiraimwastodeviseastrategythatwouldguaranteeRonaldReagan'sresoundingreelectiontoasecondtermintheWhiteHouse.Itshouldhavebeeneasy.Thesewerebattle-testedveteranswithlongtiestoReaganandevenlongeronestotheRepublicanparty,menwhounderstoodpresidentialpoliticsaswellasanyinthecountry.Thebackdropofthecampaignwashospitable,withlotsofgoodnewstoworkwith:Americawasatpeace,andthenation'seconomy,akeyfactorinanyelection,wasreboundingvigorouslyafterrecession.Furthermore,thecampaignitselfwaslavishlyfinanced,withplentyofmoneyforatopflightstaff,travel,andtelevisioncommercials.And,mostimportant,theircandidatewasRonaldReagan,apresidentoftremendouspersonalpopularityanddazzlingcommunicationskills.ReaganhassucceededmorethananypresidentsinceJohn.F.KennedyinprojectingabroadvisionofAmerica-anationofrenewedmilitarystrength,individualinitiative,andsmallerfederalgovernment.(参考译文)
在离选举日还有四个月的时间,有五个人聚集在里根-布什总部的一个小型会议室里,翻着看一张硕大无比的日历,日历上清楚地标识出了1984年总统竞选剩下的日子。这是六月份的最终一个星期六的上午10时,整幢办公楼的其他部分几近人去楼空。即便如此,这几个人仍将大门紧闭,当心翼翼地拉下窗帘。三个主要人物和其二个副手从美国的不同地方汇聚在一起,召开一个殊为重要的会议。他们的目标是构思出一种策略,来确保里根能再次当选,在第二任期内再度入主白宫。要谋求再次当选理应轻而易举。这是一些久经沙场的退伍老兵,及里根有着千丝万缕的漫长联系,及共和党的联系甚至更为久远。这些人深谙总统政治,一如他们熟知这个国家中的全部政治事务那样。竞选的背景特别宜人,可供大做文章的好消息俯拾皆是:美国正置身于太平盛世之中;作为选举的一个关键因素,整个国家的经济在步出萧条期之后正强劲反弹。此外,竞选本身所筹得的款项更是不计其数。用于支付一流水平的竞争班子工作人员工资,进行巡回造势,以和制作播放电视广告的钱款绰绰有余。最为重要的是,他们所推介的总统候选人是罗纳尔德·里根(RonaldReagan),一位风度翩翩,魅力无穷,又极具迷人沟通技巧的执政总统。及约翰·F·肯尼迪(JohnF.Kennedy)以来的任何一位历届总统相比,里根更成功地勾画出了一幅广袤的关于美国将来的前景--美国将成了一个重振军事雄风,民众富于个人进取心,联邦政府更加精简高效的国家。
1997专八翻译真题年(原文)
来美国求学的中国学生及其他亚裔学生一样,大多特别刻苦勤奋,周末也往往会抽出一天甚至两天的时间去试验室加班,因而比起美国学生来,成果出得较多。我的导师是亚裔人,嗜烟好酒,脾气急躁。但他特别观赏亚裔学生勤奋及扎实的基础知识,也特殊了解亚裔学生的心理。因此,在他试验室所招的学生中,除有一名来自德国外,其余5位均是亚裔学生。他干脆在试验室的门上贴一醒目招牌:"本室助研必需每周工作7天,早10时至晚12时,工作时间必需全力以赴。"这位导师的严格和苛刻是全校出名的,在我所呆的3年半中,共有14位学生被招进他的试验室,最终博士毕业的只剩下5人。1990年夏天,我不顾别人劝阻,硬着头皮接受了导师的资助,从今开始了艰难的求学旅程。(参考译文)
LikestudentsfromotherAsiancountriesandregions,mostChinesestudentswhocometopursuefurthereducationintheUnitedStatesworkontheirstudiesmostdiligentlyandassiduously.Evenonweekends,theywouldfrequentlyspendoneday,oreventwodays,toworkovertimeintheirlaboratories.Therefore,comparedwiththeirAmericancounterparts,theyaremoreacademicallyfruitful.Mysupervisor(advisor/tutor)isofAsianoriginwhoisaddictedtoalcoholsandcigarettes,withasharp(anirritable)temper.Nevertheless,hehighlyappreciatestheindustryandthesolidfoundationalknowledgeofAsianstudentsandhasaparticularlykeeninsightintothepsychologyofAsianstudents.Hence,ofallthestudentsrecruitedbyhislaboratory,exceptforoneGerman,therestfivewereallfromAsia.Heevenputastrikingnoticeonthedoorofhislab,whichread,"Alltheresearchassistantsofthislaboratoryarerequiredtowork7daysaweek,from10AMto12PM.Nothingbutworkduringtheworkinghours."Thissupervisorisreputedontheentirecampusforhisseverityandharshness.Inthecourseofthe3andhalfyearsthatIstayedthere,atotalof14studentswererecruitedintohislaboratoryandonly5ofthemstayedonuntiltheygraduatedwiththeirPh.D.degrees.Inthesummerof1990,ignoringtheremonstrations(admonishments/dissuasions)fromothers,Iacceptedmysupervisor'ssponsorshipandembarkedonthedifficultjourneyofacademicpursuit(undertakingfurtherstudiesintheUnitedStates).SectionB:TranslatethefollowingunderlinedpartoftheEnglishtextintoChinese(原文)
Operaisexpensive:thatmuchisinevitable.Butexpensivethingsarenotinevitablytheprovinceoftherichunlessweabdicatesociety'spowerofchoice.Wecanchoosetomakeopera,andotherexpensiveformsofculture,accessibletothosewhocannotindividuallypayforit.Thequestionis:whyshouldweNobodydeniestheimperativesoffood,shelter,defense,healthandeducation.Buteveninaprehistoriccave,mankindstretchedoutahandnotjusttoeat,drinkorfight,butalsotodraw.Theimpulsetowardsculture,thedesiretoexpressandexploretheworldthroughimaginationandrepresentationisfundamental.InEurope,thisdesirehasfoundfulfillmentinthemasterpiecesofourmusic,art,literatureandtheatre.Thesemasterpiecesarethetouchstonesforallourefforts;theyarethetouchstonesforthepossibilitiestowhichhumanthoughtandimaginationmayaspire;theycarrythemostprofoundmessagesthatcanbesentfromonehumantoanother.(参考译文)
倾听歌剧,无疑昂贵至极。但是,昂贵的事物并非必定属于富人的范畴,除非我们放弃社会的选择权。我们可以选择去使歌剧以和其他某些昂贵的文化形式也能为那些不具备个人支付实力的人所享受。但问题是,我们有必要这么做吗?没人会否认食物,居所,防护,健康及教化的不可或缺性。但即便是在史前时代的洞窟中,人类伸出手来,早就不单纯是为了吃,喝或搏杀,而且亦进行绘画创作。人类对于文化的冲动,通过形象思维和再现手段来表现并探究世界的欲望,乃亘古有之。在欧洲,这一欲望在我们的音乐,艺术,文学和戏剧杰作中找寻到了其实现形式。这些杰作构成了我们全部努力的试金石。作为试金石,它们能衡量出人类的思想和想象力所可能企和的程度。它们携带着最寓意深刻的主题,可在人类彼此间相互传递。
1998年专八翻译真题(原文)
1997年2月24日我们代表团下榻日月潭中信大饭店,送走了最终一批客人,已是次日凌晨3点了。我躺在床上久久不能入睡,披衣走到窗前,往外看去,只见四周峰峦叠翠,湖面波光粼粼。望着台湾这仅有的景色如画的自然湖泊,我想了很多,很多……这次到台湾访问沟通,虽然行程匆忙,但是,看了不少地方,访了旧友,交了新知,大家走到一起,谈论的一个重要话题就是中华民族在21世纪的强盛。虽然祖国大陆,台湾的青年生活在不同的社会环境中,有着各自不同的生活经验,但大家的内心都深深铭刻着中华文化优秀传统的印记,都拥有着振兴中华民族的共同志向。在世纪之交的宏大时代,我们的祖国正在走向繁华富强,海峡两岸人民也将加强沟通,共同推动祖国统一大业的早日完成。世纪之交的珍贵机遇和巨大挑战将青年推到了历史前台。跨世纪青年一代应当用什么样的姿态迎接充溢盼望的新世纪,这是我们必需回答的问题。日月潭水波不兴,仿佛及我一同在思索……(参考译文)
OnFebruary2,1997,ourdelegationcheckedintotheZhongXinHotelbythesideoftheRiyuetaiLake.Itwasalready3o'clockearlythenextmorningbythetimeIsawoffthelastgroupofguests.Foralongtime,Icouldnotfallasleep,eventhoughIwascomfortablylyinginthebed.Puttingonmyclothesagain,Igotoffthebedandwalkedtothewindow.Extendingmyeyesintothedistancethroughthewindow,IwasgreetedbytheviewofthesurroundingmountainsandhillsshroudedinlayeredgreennessandthesilveryflickeringofwavesscuttlingacrossthesurfaceofthePool.Lookingatthesolenaturally-formedpicturesquelakeinTaiwan,Ifeltaninfinitetrainofthoughtspassingthroughmymind……ThecurrentvisittoTaiwanforexchange,briefandcursoryasitis,hasenabledustoseemanyplaces,tovisitoldfriendswhilemakingnewacquaintances.Wheneverpeoplegathertogether,animportanttopicofdiscussionhasbeenhowtheChinesenationcanbecomeprosperousandpowerfulinthe21stcentury.AlthoughtheyoungpeopleontheMainlandandinTaiwanliveindifferentsocialcontexts(environments/milieus),withtheirindividuallydifferentexperiencesoflife,intheinnermostrecessesoftheirheartsarewroughtanindeliblemarkbythefinetraditionsoftheChineseculture.TheyallcherishthesameidealtorejuvenatetheChinesenation(TheysharethesameidealtorejuvenatetheChinesenation).Inthisgreatepochattheturnofthecentury,ourmotherlandisdevelopingtowardgreaterprosperityandpowerfulness.PeopleacrosstheTaiwanStraitsareboundtostrengthentheirexchangesandwillmutuallypromotetheearliestpossibleachievementofthegreatcauseofreunificationofthemotherland.Thepreciousopportunitiesandthetremendouschallengesattheturnofthecenturyhavepushedtheyoungpeopletotheforeground(forefront)ofthehistoricalarena(stage).Atthistransitionalphasebetweenthetwomillennia,inwhatwaytheyounggenerationshouldembracetheforthcomingnewcenturyrepletewithhopesisaquestiontowhichwehavetoseekananswer.IntheRiyuetaiLake,thewavesacrossthelakesurfacehavebynowallvanished.Envelopedinuttertranquility,theLakehasjoinedmeindeepthoughts……SectionB:TranslatethefollowingunderlinedpartoftheEnglishtextintoChinese(原文)
IagreetosomeextentwithmyimaginaryEnglishreader.Americanliteraryhistoriansareperhapspronetoviewtheirownnationalscenetoonarrowly,mistakingprominenceforuniqueness.Theydoover-phrasetheirownliterature,orcertainlyitsminorfigures.AndAmericansdoswingfromaggressiveoverphraseoftheirliteraturetoanequallyunfortunate,imitativedeference.Butthen,theEnglishthemselvesaresomewhatinsularintheirliteraryappraisals.Moreover,infieldswheretheyarenotpre-eminent-e.g.inpaintingandmusic-theytooalternatebetweenboastingofnativeproductsandcopyingthoseoftheContinent.HowmanyEnglishpaintingstrytolookasthoughtheyweredoneinParis;howmanytimeshavewereadinarticlesthattheyreallyrepresentan"Englishtradition"afterall.TospeakofAmericanliterature,then,isnottoassertthatitiscompletelyunlikethatofEurope.Broadlyspeaking,AmericaandEuropehavekeptstep.Atanygivenmomentthetravelercouldfindexamplesinbothofthesamearchitecture,thesamestylesindress,thesamebooksontheshelves.IdeashavecrossedtheAtlanticasfreelyasmenandmerchandise,thoughsometimesmoreslowly.WhenIrefertoAmericanhabit,thoughts,etc.,Iintendsomesortofqualificationtoprecedetheword,forfrequentlythedifferencebetweenAmericaandEurope(especiallyEngland)willbeoneofdegree,sometimesonlyofasmalldegree.Theamountofdivergenceisasubtleaffair,liabletoperplextheEnglishmanwhenhelooksatAmerica.Heislookingatacountrywhichinimportantsensesgrewoutofhisown,whichinseveralwaysstillresembleshisown-andwhichisyetaforeigncountry.Thereareoddoverlappingsandabruptunfamiliarities;kinshipyieldstoasuddenalienation,aswhenwehailapersonacrossthestreet,onlytodiscoverfromhisblankresponsethatwehavemistakenastrangerforafriend.(参考译文)
在某种程度上,我赞同我那假想中的英国读者的观点。美国文学史家或许惯于过分狭隘地看待其本国文坛,误将卓著当作独特。他们确实会用过多的笔墨来渲染其本国文学,至少,对其次要作家他们确定会这样做。此外,美国人确实会走极端,要么咄咄逼人地大肆渲染其文学,要么进行着同样不幸的亦步亦趋式的顶礼膜拜。但反过来说,英国人自己在其文学鉴赏中也显得有些狭隘愚陋。此外,在他们并无上乘表现的领域--例如绘画及音乐,他们也会走极端,不是吹嘘他们本国的作品,就是大肆仿照欧洲大陆的作品。有多少幅英国绘画试图看上去仿佛是在巴黎完成的;但我们又有多少次曾在文章中读到它们真正代表着一种"英国式的传统"呢?那么,要谈论美国文学,倒并非意欲断言,它及欧洲文学全然大相径庭。广而言之,美国及欧洲始终同步发展,协调一样。在任何一个特定的时刻,旅行者在两地均能目睹同一样式的建筑实例,相同款式的服饰,书架上相同的书籍。在大西洋两岸,思想犹如人员及货物往来一样自由沟通,尽管有时会略显迟缓。当我提和美国式的习惯,思想等概念时,我意欲在"美国式的"这一词汇之前加上某种限定,因为欧美(尤其是英美)之间的差异往往只是程度上的差异而已,并且有时候仅仅只是微乎其微的一点程度差异而已。差异的多寡是件极为微妙的事务,这极简单使一个英国人在审视美国时大惑不解。他所审视的那个国家,从某些重要的意义上来说,诞生于他自己的国家,并在某些方面仍及他自己的国家相差无几--然而,它却实实在在是一个异邦。两者间存在着某些怪异的交替重迭,以和令人甚感突兀的生疏感;亲缘关系已让位于一种突如其来的异化及疏远,这种情景仿佛就像我们隔着公路向另一个人打招呼,结果却从这个人漠无表情的反应中发觉,我们原来竟然错将生人当成了熟人。
1999年专八翻译真题(原文)
加拿大的温哥华1986年刚刚度过百岁生日,但城市的发展令世界瞩目。以港立市,以港兴市,是很多港口城市生存发展的道路。经过百年开发建设,有着自然不冻良港的温哥华,成为著名遐迩的港口城市,同亚洲,大洋洲,欧洲,拉丁美洲均有定期班轮,年货物吞吐量达到8,000万吨,全市就业人口中有三分之一从事贸易及运输行业。温哥华(Vancouver)的辉煌是温哥华人才智和勤奋的结晶,其中包括多民族的贡献。加拿大地广人稀,国土面积比中国还大,人口却不足3000万。吸取外来移民,是加拿大长期奉行的国策。可以说,加拿大除了印第安人外,无一不是外来移民,不同的只是时间长短而已。温哥华则更是世界上屈指可数的多民族城市。现今180万温哥华居民中,有一半不是在本地诞生的,每4个居民中就有一个是亚洲人。而25万华人对温哥华的经济转型起着确定性的作用。他们其中有一半是近5年才来到温哥华地区的,使温哥华成为亚洲以外最大的中国人聚居地。(参考译文)
In1986,Vancouver,Canada,justmarkeditscentennialanniversary,buttheachievementsmadebythecityinitsurbandevelopmenthavealreadycapturedworldwideattention.Tobuildupacityandmodelitseconomyonthebasisofaharboristheusualpracticethatportcitiesresorttofortheirexistenceanddevelopment.Afteracentury'sconstructionanddevelopment,Vancouver,whichboastsofanaturally-formedice-freeharbor,hasbecomeaninternationallycelebratedportcity,operatingregularoceanlinerswithAsia,Oceania,EuropeandLatinAmerica.Itsannualcargo-handlingcapacityreaches80milliontons,withonethirdofthecity'semployedpopulationengagedintradeandtransportationbusiness.ThegloriousachievementsofVancouveristhecrystallization(fruition)ofthewisdom(intelligence)andtheindustryoftheVancouverpeopleasawhole,includingthecontributionsmadebyadiversityofethnicminorities.Canadaisalargecountrywithasmallpopulation.AlthoughitsterritoryisbiggerthanthatofChina,itonlyhasapopulationoflessthan30millionpeople.Consequently,toattractandtoacceptforeignimmigrantshavebecomeanationalpolicylongobservedbyCanada.Itcanbesafelyassertedthat,exceptforIndians,allCanadiancitizensareforeignimmigrants,differingonlyinthelengthoftimetheyhavesettledinCanada.Vancouver,inparticular,isoneofthefewmostcelebratedmulti-ethniccitiesintheworld.Atpresent,amongthe1.8millionVancouverresidents,halfofthemarenotnative-bornandoneoutofeveryfourresidentsisfromAsia.The250,000ChinesetherehaveplayedadecisiveroleinfacilitatingthetransformationoftheVancouvereconomy.HalfofthemhavecometosettleinVancouveronlyoverthepastfiveyears,makingVancouverthelargestareaoutsideAsiawheretheChineseconcentrate.SectionB:TranslatethefollowingunderlinedpartoftheEnglishtextintoChinese(原文)
Insomesocietiespeoplewantchildrenforwhatmightbecalledfamilialreasons:toextendthefamilylineorthefamilyname,topropitiatetheancestors;toenabletheproperfunctioningofreligiousritualsinvolvingthefamily.Suchreasonsmayseemthininthemodern,secularizedsocietybuttheyhavebeenandarepowerfulindeedinotherplaces.Inaddition,oneclassoffamilyreasonssharesaborderwiththefollowingcategory,namely,havingchildreninordertomaintainorimproveamarriage:toholdthehusbandoroccupythewife;torepairorrejuvenatethemarriage;toincreasethenumberofchildrenontheassumptionthatfamilyhappinessliesthatway.Thepointisunderlinedbyitsconverse:insomesocietiesthefailuretobearchildren(ormales)isathreattothemarriageandareadycausefordivorce.Beyondallthatistheprofoundsignificanceofchildrentotheveryinstitutionofthefamilyitself.Tomanypeople,husbandandwifealonedonotseemaproperfamily-theyneedchildrentoenrichthecircle,tovalidateitsfamilycharacter,togathertheredemptiveinfluenceofoffspring.Childrenneedthefamily,butthefamilyseemsalsotoneedchildren,asthesocialinstitutionuniquelyavailable,atleastinprinciple,forsecurity,comfort,assurance,anddirectioninachanging,oftenhostile,world.Tomostpeople,suchahomebase,intheliteralsense,needsmorethanonepersonforsustenanceandingenerationalextension.(参考译文)
在某些社会中,人们盼望拥有孩子是出于所谓的家庭缘由:传宗接代,光宗耀祖,博取祖辈的欢心,使那些涉和到整个家族的宗教仪式得以发挥其应有的作用。此类缘由在现代世俗化的社会中似显苍白,但它们在其他地方曾一度构成并确实仍在构成强有力的理由。此外,有一类家庭缘由及下列类别不无共通之处,这便是:生儿育女是为着维系或改善婚姻:能拴住丈夫或者使妻子不致于无所事事;修复婚姻或为婚姻注入新的活力;多子多孙,以为家庭华蜜,惟系于此。这一点更可因其相反情形而得以凸现:在某些社会中,无法生儿育女(或无法生育男孩)于婚姻而言可构成一种威胁,并可作为离婚的一个顺理成章的(或现成的)缘由。除了全部这一切以外,还有一个缘由,那就是后代对于家庭这一体制本身所具有的深远意义。对很多人来说,夫妇两人尚不足以构成一个真正意义上的家庭--夫妻须要孩子来丰富其两人小天地,给予该小天地以真正意义上的家庭性质,并从子孙后代身上获得某种回报。孩子须要家庭,但家庭似乎也须要孩子。作为一种社会体制,家庭以其特有的方式,至少从原则上说,可在一个变化莫测,常常是充溢敌意的世界中让人从中获得某种安全,安慰,保障,以和价值取向。于大多数人而言,这样的一个家庭基2000年专八翻译真题(原文)
中国科技馆的诞生来之不易。及国际著名科技馆和其他博物馆相比,它先天有些不足,后天也常缺乏养分,但是它成长的步伐却是坚实而有力的。它在国际上已被公认为后起之秀。世界上第一代博物馆属于自然博物馆,它是通过化石,标本等向人们介绍地球和各种生物的演化历史。第二代属于工业技术博物馆,它所展示的是工业文明带来的各种阶段性结果。这两代博物馆虽然起到了传播科学知识的作用,但是,它们把参观者当成了被动的旁观者。世界上第三代博物馆是充溢全新理念的博物馆。在这里,观众可以自己去动手操作,自己细心体察。这样,他们可以更贴近先进的科学技术,去探究科学技术的奥妙。中国科技馆正是这样的博物馆!它吸取了国际上一些著名博物馆的特长,设计制作了力学,光学,电学,热学,声学,生物学等展品,展示了科学的原理和先进的科技成果。(参考译文)
Thefirstgenerationofmuseumsarewhatmightbecallednaturalmuseumswhich,bymeansoffossils,specimensandotherobjects,introducedtopeopletheevolutionaryhistoryoftheEarthandvariouskindsoforganisms.Thesecondgenerationarethoseofindustrialtechnologieswhichpresentedthefruitsachievedbyindustrialcivilizationatdifferentstagesofindustrialization.Despitethefactthatthosetwogenerationsofmuseumshelpedtodisseminate/propagate/spreadscientificknowledge,theyneverthelesstreatedvisitorsmerelyaspassiveviewers.Thethirdgenerationofmuseumsintheworldarethoserepletewith/fullofwhollynovelconcepts/notions/ideas.Inthosemuseums,visitorsareallowedtooperatetheexhibitswiththeirownhands,toobserveandtoexperiencecarefully.Bygettingclosertotheadvancedscienceandtechnologiesinthisway,peoplecanprobeintotheirsecretmysteries.TheChinaMuseumofScienceandTechnologyispreciselyoneofsuchmuseums.Ithasincorporatedsomeofthemostfascinatingfeaturesofthosemuseumswithinternationalreputation.Havingdesignedandcreatedexhibitsinmechanics,optics,electricalscience,thermology,acoustics,andbiology.Thoseexhibitsdemonstratescientificprinciplesandpresentthemostadvancedscientificandtechnologicalachievements.
SECTIONB:TranslatethefollowingunderlinedpartoftheEnglishtextintoChinese(原文)
Ifpeoplemeananythingatallbytheexpression"untimelydeath",theymustbelievethatsomedeathsrunonabetterschedulethanothers.Deathinoldageisrarelycalleduntimelyalonglifeisthoughttobeafullone.Butwiththepassingofayoungperson,oneassumesthatthebestyearslayaheadandthemeasureofthatlifewasstilltobetaken.Historydeniesthis,ofcourse.Amongprominentsummerdeaths,onerecallsthoseofMarilynMonroeandJamesDeans,whoselivesseemedequallybriefandcomplete.WriterscannotbearthefactthatpoetJohnKeatsdiedat26,andonlyhalfplayfullyjudgetheirownlivesasfailureswhentheypassthatyear.Theideathatthelifecutshortisunfilledisillogicalbecauselivesaremeasuredbytheimpressionstheyleaveontheworldandbytheirintensityandvirtue.
(参考译文)
假如人们藉"英年早逝"这一字眼真的意欲表达什么含义的话,他们必定信任某些人的辞世可以算是寿终正寝,而另一些人则"死不逢时"。死于年迈很少被冠以"死不逢时"之名,因为能度过漫长的一生被认为是甚为圆满的。反之,假如所遇到的是一位年轻人之死,人们会以为这位年轻人风华正茂,前途无可限量,生命的倒计时尚未真正开始。当然,历史否定这一切。在诸多较为著名的"英年早逝"的情形中,我们会忆起玛丽莲.梦露及詹姆斯.迪恩斯之死,其生命并不因其短暂而有损其圆满。对于约翰.济慈年方26便溘然长逝这一事实,文人墨客们皆痛不欲生,但他们中仅有半数人诙谐地认为,设若他们也死于这一年龄,其一生可视为失败。视英年早逝为不圆满,这一观念有悖于逻辑,因为衡量生命的尺度乃是留给世界的印记,是生命的力度和其美德。2001年专八翻译真题(原文)
乔羽的歌大家都熟识。但他另外两大爱好却鲜为人知,那就是钓鱼和喝酒。晚年的乔羽宠爱垂钓,他说,"有水有鱼的地方大都是有好环境的,好环境便会给人好心情。我认为最好的钓鱼场所不是舒适的,给你打算好饿鱼的垂钓园,而是那极其有吸引力的大自然野外天成的场所。"钓鱼是一项能够陶冶性情的运动,有益于身心健康。乔羽说:"钓鱼可分三个阶段:第一阶段是吃鱼;第二阶段是吃鱼和情趣兼而有之;第三阶段主要是钓趣,面对一池碧水,将忧心苦恼全都抛在一边,使自己的身心得到充分休息。"(参考译文)
Thegeneralpublicmightbewell-acquaintedwiththesongscomposedbyQiaoYu,buttheymightactuallyknowverylittleabouthistwomajorhobbies-fishingandwine-drinking.Inhislateryears(Lateinhislife),QiaoYuhasbecomeenamoredoffishing(developedapenchant/specialfondnessforfishing).Heasserts:"Mostlyspeaking,aplacewithwaterandfishmustnecessarilybeblessedwithanicesetting,whichinreturnkeepspeopleingoodmood.Ibelievethattheoptimumfishingplacesarenotthosecommercialfishingcenters/resortswhichprovidethefishermenwithalltheconveniencesandwherefisharekepthungryforreadycapture,butthosenaturally-formedplacesinthewildernesswhichexertaspecialappeal."Accordingtohim,fishingcanconstituteanactivityconducivetothecultivationofone'stemperamentandtoone'shealth,atoncephysicalandpsychological.QiaoYuclaims:"Fishingcanbedividedintothreestages.Thefirststageconsistsofmerefish-eating;thesecondacombinationoffish-eatingandthepleasure(enjoyment)offishing;thethirdprimarilythepleasureoffishingwhen,confrontedwithapondofclearwater,oneputsasideallhistroublingvexationsandannoyancesandenjoysthetotalrelaxationbothmentallyandphysically."SECTIONB:TranslatethefollowingunderlinedpartoftheEnglishtextintoChinese(原文)
PossessionforitsownsakeorincompetitionwiththerestoftheneighborhoodwouldhavebeenThoreau'sideaofthelowlevels.Theactivedisciplineofheighteningone'sperceptionofwhatisenduringinnaturewouldhavebeenhisideaofthehigh.Whathesavedfromthelowwastimeandefforthecouldspendonthehigh.Thoreaucertainlydisapprovedofstarvation,buthewouldputintofeedinghimselfonlyasmucheffortaswouldkeephimfunctioningformoreimportantefforts.Effortisthegistofit.Thereisnohappinessexceptaswetakeonlife-engagingdifficulties.Shortoftheimpossible,asYeatsputit,thesatisfactionwegetfromalifetimedependsonhowhighwechooseourdifficulties.RobertFrostwasthinkinginsomethinglikethesametermswhenhespokeof"Thepleasureoftakingpains".Themortalflawintheadvertisedversionofhappinessisinthefactthatitpurportstobeeffortless.Wedemanddifficultyeveninourgames.Wedemanditbecausewithoutdifficultytherecanbenogame.Agameisawayofmakingsomethinghardforthefunofit.Therulesofthegameareanarbitraryimpositionofdifficulty.Whensomeoneruinsthefun,healwaysdoessobyrefusingtoplaybytherules.Itiseasiertowinatchessifyouarefree,atyourpleasure,tochangethewhollyarbitraryrules,butthefunisinwinningwithintherules.Nodifficulty,nofun.(参考译文)
梭罗所理解的"低层次",即为了拥有而去拥有,或及全部的邻居明争暗斗而致拥有。他心目中的"高层次",则是这样一种主动的人生戒律,即要使自己对自然界永恒之物的感悟臻于完备。对于他从低层次上节约下来的时间和精力,他可将其致力于对高层次的追求。勿庸置疑,梭罗不赞成忍饥挨饿,但他在膳食方面所投入的精力仅果腹而已,只要可确保他能去从事更为重要的事务,他便别无所求。殚精竭虑,全力以赴,便是其精髓所在。除非我们情愿直面那些须要我们全身心投入的艰难困苦,否则便不会有华蜜可言。正如叶芝所言,除却某些不可能的情形,我们于人生中所获得的满意皆取决于我们在多高的境界中选择我们所情愿面对的艰难困苦。当罗伯特·弗罗斯特言和"以苦为乐"时,他内心所思,大体如此。商业广告中所宣扬的那种华蜜观,其致命的缺陷就在于这样一个事实,即它宣称,一切华蜜皆唾手可得,不费吹灰之力。即便于嬉戏之中,我们也须要有艰难困苦。我们之所以须要它,因为设若没有困难,便断无嬉戏可言。嬉戏即是这样一种方式,为了享受其中的情趣而人为地使事情变得不那么轻而易举。嬉戏中的种种规则,便是将困难武断地强加于人。当有人将情趣摧毁殆尽时,他总是因为拒不按嬉戏规则行事而使然。这犹如下棋;假如你随心所欲,心血来潮地去更改那些全然武断的嬉戏规则,这样去赢棋当然会更加简单。但下棋的情趣则在于,应在规则的限定范围内赢取成功。一言以蔽之,没有艰难,断无情趣。
2002年专八翻译真题全(原文)
大自然对人的赏赐,无论贫富,一律同等。所以人们对于大自然,全都一样并深深地依靠着。尤其在乡间,上千年来人们始终以不变的方式生活着。种植庄稼和葡萄,酿酒和饮酒,喂牛和挤奶,锄草和栽花;在周末去教堂祈祷和做礼拜,在节日到广场拉琴,跳舞和唱歌;往日的田园照旧是今日的温馨家园。这样,每个地方都有自己的传闻,风俗也就衍传了下来。(参考译文)
Equalarethegenerousgiftsgranted/distributed(endowed)byNatureto(on)allhumanindividuals,whethertheyarewealthyorimpoverished(betheywealthyorimpoverished).Therefore,allhumanindividualshavebecomeunanimouslyandprofoundlyindebtedto(obligedto,attachedto,dependenton)Nature.Thisisparticularlytrueinruralareaswherewaysoflifehaveremainedintactandunchangedforpeopleforthousandsofyears-sowingcropsandgrapes,brewinganddrinkingwines,grazingandmilkingcows,hoeinggrassesandplantingflower-trees,goingtochurchesforreligiousprayersandservicesonweekends,playingmusicalinstruments,dancingandsingingonsquares.Thefieldsinformertimesarestilltheirpresent-dayhomesglowingwithhumanwarmth.Insuchaway,eachlocalityhasevolveditsownuniquefolktalesandhastransmitteditsdistinctivehabitsandcustoms.SECTIONB:TranslatethefollowingunderlinedpartoftheEnglishtextintoChinese(原文)
Theword"winner"and"loser"havemanymeanings.Whenwerefertoapersonasawinner,wedonotmeanonewhomakessomeoneelselose.Tous,awinnerisonewhorespondsauthenticallybybeingcredible,trustworthy,responsive,andgenuine,bothasanindividualandasamemberofasociety.Winnersdonotdedicatetheirlivestoaconceptofwhattheyimaginetheyshouldbe;rather,theyarethemselvesandassuchdonotusetheirenergyputtingonaperformance,maintainingpretence,andmanipulatingothers.Theyareawarethatthereisadifferencebetweenbeinglovingandactingloving,betweenbeingstupidandactingstupid,betweenbeingknowledgeableandactingknowledgeable.Winnersdonotneedtohidebehindamask.Winnersarenotafraidtodotheirownthinkingandtousetheirownknowledge.Theycanseparatefactsfromopinionsanddon'tpretendtohavealltheanswers.Theylistentoothers,evaluatewhattheysay,butcometotheirownconclusions.Althoughwinnerscanadmireandrespectotherpeople,theyarenottotallydefined,demolished,bound,orawedbythem.Winnersdonotplay"helpless",nordotheyplaytheblaminggame.Instead,theyassumeresponsibilityfortheirownlives.
(参考译文)
"胜者"及"败者"这两个字眼含有众多的意思。当我们将某人称作胜者时,我们并非指他是一个致使他人一败涂地的人。对我们来说,胜者乃这样一位君子,他无论是作为一个个人抑或是作为社会的一份子,一切反应均能由衷而发,做到诚信,牢靠,乐善好施,且绝不伪善。胜者不会穷其毕生之精力,去拘泥于某个他们所想象的为人之道;相反,他们会保持其真我本色,并且,作为这种追求真我的仁者,他们不
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