![商务英语阅读(上册)unit-5_第1页](http://file4.renrendoc.com/view2/M02/02/0A/wKhkFmYMQ7iAbJHUAAGBGCAWqMk884.jpg)
![商务英语阅读(上册)unit-5_第2页](http://file4.renrendoc.com/view2/M02/02/0A/wKhkFmYMQ7iAbJHUAAGBGCAWqMk8842.jpg)
![商务英语阅读(上册)unit-5_第3页](http://file4.renrendoc.com/view2/M02/02/0A/wKhkFmYMQ7iAbJHUAAGBGCAWqMk8843.jpg)
![商务英语阅读(上册)unit-5_第4页](http://file4.renrendoc.com/view2/M02/02/0A/wKhkFmYMQ7iAbJHUAAGBGCAWqMk8844.jpg)
![商务英语阅读(上册)unit-5_第5页](http://file4.renrendoc.com/view2/M02/02/0A/wKhkFmYMQ7iAbJHUAAGBGCAWqMk8845.jpg)
版权说明:本文档由用户提供并上传,收益归属内容提供方,若内容存在侵权,请进行举报或认领
文档简介
商务英语阅读(上册)unit5商务英语阅读(上册)unit51TeachingObjectives了解贸易壁垒及其产生的原因了解关税壁垒及其征收形式了解非关税壁垒及其表现形式TeachingObjectives了解贸易壁垒及其产生的2TeachingEmphases
tradebarrierstariffbarriersadvaloremduty/specificduty/alternativeduty/compounddutynon-tariffbarriersquantitative/non-quantitativeTeachingEmphasestradebarrie3Content
TextFastReadingIFastReadingIIContentText4TEXTDon'tFenceMeOut!
Pre-readingquestions1.Whataretradebarriers?Whydothesetradebarriersexist?2.Whatarethetwomajorbarrierstofreetrade?UPPREV.NEXTTEXTDon'tFenceMeOut!
Pre-5
Theconceptofcomparativeadvantagemakesastrongcaseforfree,unrestrictedtradeamongnations.Meanwhileeconomistsbelievefreetradewillbemutuallybeneficial,yet,manybarrierstotradeexisttoday,namely,regulationsandmeasuresimposedbyauthoritiesthatundulyimpedetradeingoodsorservices,inexportorimport.Lossofbusinessopportunitiesisthemostseriousimpactofatradebarrier,buteventheirminoreffectsmayrequireextratimeandtroubleandcauseadditionalexpenses.Forexample,theUnitedStatesrestrictsthenumberofcarsthatmaybeimportedeachyearfromothercountriesandimposestaxesoncertainimportedgoods;Japanprovidessubsidiestosomecompaniessotheycanselltheirproductsatlowerpricestoothercountries;ataxof15%makesjewelryfromMexicomoreexpensivethanjewelrymakeintheUnitedStates.
Theconceptofcomparati6 Thebenefitsoffreetradearewellknown,butwhydosomepeoplesupporttheuseoftariffsorquotastorestrictorstoptheinternationalflowofgoodsandservices?Wemayfirstfocusonhowworldtradecameintobeing.Itisknownthatsomeregionsareabundantinresources;elsewhere,reservesarescarceornonexistent.Thus,anexchangeofgoodsandservicescametoplayanincreasinglyessentialroleinmeetingthedemandformoreaffluentlife.Thelocationoftheworld’snationalresources,alsocalledcommodities,determinesthepatternsofworldtrade.Worldresourcescanbemosteffectivelyutilizedthroughfullspecializationandworldtrade,whicharemerelypossiblewhenabsolutelyfreetradeispermitted.Unfortunately,everycountryintheworldhastrade
barrierstoprotectitseconomyagainstinternationalmarketforces,suchastoprotecthomelandindustriesornewindustries,toprotectjobs,andtogainincomeforthegovernment.
Thebenefitsoffreetra7 ThesebarrierstoworldtrademaybedividedintotariffbarriersandNon-TariffBarriers(NTBs). TariffBarriers Atariffisataxordutyleviedoncommoditieswhentheycrossnationalboundaries,normallyanimportduty,forthepurposeofraisingtheirsellingpriceintheimportingnation’smarkettoreducecompetitionagainstdomesticproducers.Itisthemostcommonmethodofrestrictingtrade.Tariffsmaybebarelyplacedonexports,becausetheywanttoencourageexports.Atariffmaybeoneofthefollowingfourkinds:advalorem,specific,alternative,orcompound. Thesebarrierstoworld8
Anadvalorem,mostcommonlyused,isfiguredasapercentageonthevalueofgoods–forexample,10,20or25percent.Theymaybebased,dependingonthecountry,eitheronthevalueofthegoodslandedattheportofdestination,orattheportinthecountryoforigin.Aspecificduty
relatestolocalcurrencyperunitofgoodsbasedonweight,number,length,volume,orotherunitofmeasurement—forexample,$25perpoundorperyard.Analternativeduty
iswhereeitheranadvaloremdutyoraspecificonecanbeprescribedforaproduct,withtherequirementthatthemoreexertiveoneshallapply.Acompoundduty
isacombinationofanadvaloremdutyandaspecificone–forexample,10percentofvalueplus$1perkilogram. Tariffshavetheadvantagethattheycanbeselectivelyleviedintermsof
productsandwithdifferentialrates.Therefore,acountrymayattainratherpreciseobjectiveswithtariffswhileincreasinggovernmentrevenuesatthesametime.Thenegativerespectoftariffsisthattheyincreasethecostofimportstothecustomers. Anadvalorem,m9 Non-TariffBarriers(NTBs) Contrarytotariffdutieswhicharerelativelytransparent,non-tariffbarriersareoftenmorecomplexanddifficulttosniffandthereforeassessthantariffs,becausetheycanbe“hidden”inrulesandpracticesthathaveaperfectlylegitimateobjective.Furthermore,NTBscanhavemoretrade-restrictiveeffectsthantariffs,whichraisethecostofagivenproduct,andgoasfarasexcludingagoodfromamarketaltogether.Knownas“greentradebarriers”,newnon-tariffbarrierstotrade,suchastechnicaltradebarriersandenvironmentaltradebarriers,havetendedtotaketheplaceoftraditionaltradebarriers. TheNon-TariffBarriers(NTBs),includingallformsofdiscriminationagainstimportsotherthantariffbarriers,arenormallyintheformofeitherquantitativeornon-quantitativerestrictions. Non-TariffBarriers(NT10 Quantitative Quotas,onetypeofquantitativebarriers,arethemostcommonform.Importquotasarelimitationsonthequantityofgoodsthatcanbeimportedintothecountryduringaspecifiedperiodoftime,forexample,Koreamayexportonly15,000automobilesayeartotheUnitedStates.Therearetwobasictypesofquotas:absolutequotasandtariff-ratequotas.Absolutequotaslimitthequantityofimportstoaspecifiedlevelduringaspecifiedperiodoftime.Sometimesthesequotasaresetgloballyandthusaffectallimportswhilesometimestheyaresetonlyagainstspecifiedcountries.Absolutequotasaregenerallyadministeredonafirst-comefirst-servedbasis.Forthisreason,manyquotasarefilledshortlyaftertheopeningofthequotaperiod.Oncethequotafortheperiodhasbeenfilled,nomoreimportlicensesareissued.Tariff-ratequotasallowaspecifiedquantityofgoodstobeimportedatareducedtariffrateduringthespecifiedquotaperiod.Theymaybeimposedunilaterally,andcanalsobenegotiatedbilaterallyormultilaterallyonaso-calledvoluntarybasis.
Quantitative11 Therehasbeen,formanyyears,anagreementamongnationsagainstimposingunilateralquotasongoods.Accordingly,governmentshavenegotiatedvoluntaryexportrestraints(VERs)withothernations.Forexample,toavoidtheimportquotasonJapaneseautomobilesplacedbytheUnitedStates,JapanesecarmakerssetupaVERprogram,agreeingtolimitexportsofpassengercarstoitannually. OrderlymarketingarrangementsareVERsconstitutedbyofficialagreementsbetweenthegovernmentsofexportingandimportingcountriestolimitinternationalcompetitionand
safeguardsomeofthenationalmarketforlocalproducers,normallybystipulatingthesizeoftheexportorimportquotasthateachnationwillhaveforaparticulargood.
Therehasbeen,formany12
Non-quantitative ItisclaimedbymanyinternationaltradespecialistthatthemostsignificantNTBsarethenon-quantitativetype.Allthedistinctformsmaygenerallybeclassifiedunderthreeprincipalheadings:(a)directgovernmentparticipationintrade,(b)customsandotheradministrativeprocedures,and(c)variousstandards.
Subsidyisthemostcommonformofdirectgovernmentparticipation,mainlytoprotectagricultureaswellasindustries.Governmentprocurementpoliciesarealsotradebarriersbecauseoftheirfavorfordomesticproducersandsevererestrictiononpurchasesofimportedgoodsbygovernmentagencies.Thosepoliciesmayrequirethatproductspurchasedbygovernmentagencieshaveastipulatedminimumlocalcontent. Non-quantitative13
Customsandotheradministrativeprocedurescoveragreatvarietyofgovernmentpoliciesandproceduresthateitherdiscriminateagainstimportsorfavorexports.Meanwhile,governmentshavealsofoundwaystosetrestrictionsonservicesimport.Foreigncompaniesmayfindregistrationrequirements,licensingprocedures,qualificationrequirementsandproceduresmoreburdensomeforthemthanfordomesticserviceproviders. Bothgovernmentandprivatestandardstoprotectthehealthandsecurityofanation’scitizensarecertainlyreasonable,butforyearsexportingfirmsmayhavebeenconfrontedwithmanycomplexanddiscriminatorystandards,includingnewtechnicalstandards,labelingrequirements,burdensometesting,etc. Customsandotheradm14
Comparedwithtariffs,NTBshaveseveraladvantagesinthattheyaremoreflexibleandpertinent,moreefficientonlimitingimportingandmoreconcealable.Withthedevelopmentoftheworldeconomyandtechnology,NTBstendtobemorevariedandunpredictable. However,marketshavebeengoingglobalandeveryoneknowsit.Anumberofcommunitiessuchasfreetradeareasandeconomicunionshavecomeintobeing
fortheeliminationoftradebarriers.Theseendeavorscancontributetoamoreprosperousgrowthininternationaltrade,whichmayaccordinglyraiseaggregateeconomicefficiency. Comparedwithtariffs15Languagepoints
impose
----v.toplace(apenalty,tax,etc)officiallyonsb./sth.加(惩罚等)于某人;对某物征(税)e.g.imposeataxonimports征收进口税imposedutiesonwinesandspirits征收酒类税UPPREV.NEXTLanguagepoints
impose
----v16Languagepoints
Tradebarriers
贸易壁垒,指妨碍商品和服务在国家之间自由交换的人为限制,常见的形式包括关税、补贴、配额和外汇管制等。UPPREV.NEXTLanguagepoints
Tradebarrie17Languagepoints
levy-----vt.tocollect(apayment,etc)byauthorityorforce征收,征集(款额等)e.g.levyafine[tax]onsb.向某人征收罚金[税款]levyaransomonsb.向某人索取赎金UPPREV.NEXTLanguagepoints
levy-----vt18Languagepoints
Advaloremduty 从价税,是指按货值征收的关税。advalorem是拉丁语,意为inproportiontothevalue。UPPREV.NEXTLanguagepoints
Advaloremd19Languagepoints
specificduty从量税,即按商品的数量或重量征税。UPPREV.NEXTLanguagepoints
specificdut20Languagepoints
alternativeduty选择税,是指一种产品既可以征收从价税又可以征收从量税,要求按照税额更多的税种征收。UPPREV.NEXTLanguagepoints
alternative21Languagepoints
compoundduty复合关税,即对进口货物同时征收从量税和从价税。UPPREV.NEXTLanguagepoints
compounddut22Languagepoints
intermsof
-----concerning,withregardto谈及,关于,就…而言e.g.Itwasabadyearforfilms,intermsofbothquantityandquality.今年的电影无论从数量上还是质量上都说不上好。Stayinguplatemakeshimathisworstintermsofphysicalsituation.熬夜使得他的体力状况处于低潮。UPPREV.NEXTLanguagepoints
intermsof
23
Languagepoints
assess-----v.toestimatethequalityofsth.估定,评定e.g.It'sdifficulttoassesstheimpactofthePresident'sspeech.总统讲话的巨大影响很难估计.I'dassessyourchancesasextremelylow.我估计你成功的机会极微.UPPREV.NEXTLanguagepoints
assess--24Languagepoints
absolutequota绝对配额,是指在一定时期内,对某些商品规定一个最高的进口数量或金额,一旦达到这个最高数额就不准进口。绝对配额又分为两种形式:其一,采取“全球配额”(globalquotas),它适用于来自任何国家或地区的商品。主管当局按进口商申请先后或按过去某一时期的进口实绩,批给一定的额度,直至总配额发放完毕为止;其二,采取“国别配额”(countryquotas),这是在总配额中按国别和地区分配配额。不同国家和地区如超过所规定的配额,就不准进口。UPPREV.NEXTLanguagepoints
absolutequo25Languagepoints
tariff-ratequota
关税配额,是指对同一种商品设定相对高低不同的税率,即在一定时期内对预先规定的配额以内的进口商品征收较低关税或者减免关税,对超过配额部分则征收较高进口关税。UPPREV.NEXTLanguagepoints
tariff-rate26
Languagepoints
voluntaryexportrestraints(VERs) 自动出口限制,又称自愿出口限制或自动出口配额制 (VoluntaryExportQuotas),是指出口国家或地区在进口国的要求或压力下,自动规定某一时期内某些商品对该国出口的数量或金额的限制,在限定的配额内自行控制出口,超过配额即禁止出口,属于非关税壁垒的一种措施。“自动出口限制”在形式上表现为自愿性,但在实质上却具有强制的性质。进口国往往以商品大量进口使其有关工业受到严重损害,造成“市场混乱”为由,要求出口国实行有秩序的增长,自动限制商品出口。因此,“自动出口限制”往往是出口国在面临进口国采取报复性贸易措施的威胁时所作出的一种选择。UPPREV.NEXTLanguagepoints
voluntary27
Languagepoints
safeguard-----v.toprotectorguardsb./sth.保护或保卫某人或某事物e.g.Wehavefoundawayofsafeguardingourmoney.我们已有了保护钱财的办法.TheBillofRightssafeguardsourindividualliberties.权力法案保护我们的个人自由。UPPREV.NEXTLanguagepoints
safeguard28Languagepoints
stipulate-----v.tostate(sth.)clearlyandfirmlyasarequirement讲明,规定(某要求)e.g.Itwasstipulatedthatthegoodsshouldbedeliveredwithinthreedays.按规定货物须在三日内送交.TheConstitutionstipulatesthatwomenshallhaveequalrightswithmeninvotingandbeingelected.宪法规定妇女和男子一样,有同等的选举权和被选举权。UPPREV.NEXTLanguagepoints
stipulate---29Languagepoints
subsidy贸易补贴,是指国家政府或者公共机构采取直接或间接的方式向本国出口企业提供现金补贴、或者财政优惠政策,以降低企业出口的成本从而提高竞争力。贸易补贴可以是直接的,也可以是间接的。直接贸易补贴简单来说就是负税,其后果与税收正相反。间接贸易补贴则一般采取放宽信贷、廉价使用能源或免费使用基础设施等方式。补贴量可以与贸易量保持某一固定比例关系,称为从量补贴;也可以与贸易值保持某一固定比例关系,称为从价补贴。UPPREV.NEXTLanguagepoints
subsidy贸易30Languagepoints
comeintobeing------bebornorcomeintoexistence出现(存在,产生,形成,成立)e.g.Anewrulewillsooncomeintobeing.一个新规则很快就要出台了。Acarcomesintobeingthroughaseriesofcomplexoperations.汽车经过一连串的复杂作业程序而制成。
UPPREV.NEXTLanguagepoints
comeintobe31Languagepoints
economicefficiency经济效率,也即资源配置效率,是指在经济资源稀缺的条件下,如何充分利用资源,使资源得到最有效合理的安排,以最少的资源投入取得最大的经济效益,因此也可一般地称为资源的利用效率。UPPREV.NEXTLanguagepoints
economiceff32I.Answerthefollowingquestionsbasedonthetext.1. Whatisatariff?Andwhatcanitdo?Atariffisataxordutyleviedoncommoditieswhentheycrossnationalboundaries,normallyanimportduty,forthepurposeofraisingtheirsellingpriceintheimportingnation’smarkettoreducecompetitionagainstdomesticproducers.Itisthemostcommonmethodofrestrictingtrade.
ReferenceI.Answerthefollowingquesti33I.Answerthefollowingquestionsbasedonthetext.2. Whatarethewaysthatatariffcanbecalculated?Givebriefexplanationtoeachofthem.
Advalorem,specific,alternative,orcompound.Anadvalorem,isfiguredasapercentageonthevalueofgoods.Theymaybebased,dependingonthecountry,eitheronthevalueofthegoodslandedattheportofdestination,orattheportinthecountryoforigin.Aspecificdutyrelatestolocalcurrencyperunitofgoodsbasedonweight,number,length,volume,orotherunitofmeasurement.Analternativedutyiswhereeitheranadvaloremdutyoraspecificonecanbeprescribedforaproduct,withtherequirementthatthemoreexertiveoneshallapply.Acompounddutyisacombinationofanadvaloremdutyandaspecificone.ReferenceI.Answerthefollowingquesti34I.Answerthefollowingquestionsbasedonthetext.3. WhatarethedifferencesbetweentariffbarriersandNTBs?Contrarytotariffdutieswhicharerelativelytransparent,non-tariffbarriersareoftenmorecomplexanddifficulttosniffandthereforeassessthantariffs.Furthermore,NTBscanhavemoretrade-restrictiveeffectsthantariffs.ReferenceI.Answerthefollowingquesti35I.Answerthefollowingquestionsbasedonthetext.4. Whatarethetypesmentionedinthepassageconcerningquantitativerestrictions?Quotasandvoluntaryexportrestraints(VERs).ReferenceI.Answerthefollowingquesti36I.Answerthefollowingquestionsbasedonthetext.5.Howmanytypesofnon-quantitativerestrictionsaregenerallyclassifiedinto?Whatarethey?Allthedistinctformsmaygenerallybeclassifiedunderthreeprincipalheadings:(a)directgovernmentparticipationintrade,(b)customsandotheradministrativeprocedures,and(c)variousstandards.ReferenceI.Answerthefollowingquesti37II.Readthefollowingtermsandmatcheachwithitsproperdefinition.1.tradebarrier2.comparativeadvantage3.subsidy4.quota5.NTB6.voluntaryexportrestraints7.advaloremduty8.specificduty9.tariff10.tariff-ratequotasa.agrantpaidbyagovernmenttoanenterprisethatbenefitsthepublicb.taxfiguredasapercentageonthevalueofgoodsc.artificialrestraintonthefreeexchangeofgoodsandservicesbetweencountries,usuallyintheformoftariffs,subsidies,quotasorexchangecontrolsd.dutyortaxleviedonaspecificcommoditywhenitcrossesnationalboundariese.aproportionalshare,asofgoods,assignedtoagrouportoeachmemberofagroup;alimitationonimportsf.situationthatexistswhenacountrycanproduceagoodorserviceatmuchlowercostthananyothercountryg.arestrictionsetbyagovernmentonthequantityofgoodsthatcanbeexportedoutofacountryduringaspecifiedperiodoftimeh.non-TariffBarrieri.quotaspermittingastipulatedamountofgoodstoenterthenationduty-freeoratalowrate,whilechargingamuchhigherdutyforsubsequentimportationswhentheamountisreachedj.taxrelatingtolocalcurrencyperunitofgoodsbasedonphysicalmeasurementsII.Readthefollowingtermsa381.c2.f3.a4.e5.h
6.g7.b8.j9.d10.i1.c2.f3.a4.e39III.TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChineseAtariffmaybeoneofthefollowingfourkinds:advalorem,specific,alternative,orcompound.Anadvalorem,mostcommonlyused,isfiguredasapercentageonthevalueofgoods–forexample,10,20or25percent.Theymaybebase,dependingonthecountry,eitheronthevalueofthegoodslandedattheportofdestination,orattheportinthecountryoforigin.Aspecificdutyrelatestolocalcurrencyperunitofgoodsbasedonweight,number,length,volume,orotherunitofmeasurement—forexample,$25perpoundorperyard.Analternativedutyiswhereeitheranadvaloremdutyoraspecificonecanbeprescribedforaproduct,withtherequirementthatthemoreexertiveoneshallapply.Acompounddutyisacombinationofanadvaloremdutyandaspecificone–forexample,10percentofvalueplus$1perkilogram.III.Translatethefollowingp40
关税会以下列四种形式出现:从价税,从量税,选择税或复合关税。最常使用的一种是从价税,是以商品价格的百分比计算—例如10%,20%或25%。根据不同国家,它们不是以到达目的港的商品价格为依据,就是以原产国港口的货物价格为依据。从量税是根据商品的重量,数量,长度,体积或其他单位来征税—例如,每磅或每码25美元。选择税,是一种产品被规定既可以征收从价税又可以征收从量税,要求按照税额更多的税种征收。复合关税,即对进口货物同时征收从量税和从价税—例如,征收商品价格的10%外加每千克1美元。Reference关税会以下列四种形式出现:从价税,从量税,选择税或复41 IV.PleaseputthefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.1.工会要求政府对外国小汽车施加贸易壁垒。Theunionhasaskedthegovernmenttoimposetradebarrieronforeigncars.Reference IV.Pleaseputthefollowing42IV.PleaseputthefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.2. 贸易壁垒通常包括关税壁垒和非关税壁垒。
Tradebarriersusuallyconsistoftariffbarriersandnon-tariffbarriers.ReferenceIV.Pleaseputthefollowings43IV.PleaseputthefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.3. 关税下滑遍及全球,已由1940年的平均40%降至1990年的7%。
Tariffshavedeclinedworldwidefromanaverageof40%in1940to7%in1990.ReferenceIV.Pleaseputthefollowings44IV.PleaseputthefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.4. 世贸组织一直致力于消除贸易壁垒。
TheWTOhascontinuedtopushfortheeliminationoftradebarriers.ReferenceIV.Pleaseputthefollowings45IV.PleaseputthefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.5.我们应该减少贸易壁垒,把双方的经贸合作提高到一个新的水平。
Weshouldreducetradebarriersandenhanceeconomicandtradecooperationtoanewlevel.ReferenceIV.Pleaseputthefollowings46FastReadingI
BushAdministrationSeekstoLowerTradeBarriersWithLatinAmericaUPPREV.NEXTFastReadingIUPPREV.NEXT47
WASHINGTON-TheBushadministration'sdrivetoremovetradebarrierstoU.S.exportsisworkingandneedstobeexpandedwithanewfreetradeagreementwithsixLatinAmericancountries,CommerceSecretaryCarlosGutierrezsaidTuesday. OutliningPresidentBush'stradegoalsforhissecondterm,GutierrezsaidtheadministrationplannedtoturnitsattentiontowinningcongressionalapprovalfortheCentralAmericanFreeTradeAgreement.ItcoverstheCentralAmericannationsofCostaRica,ElSalvador,Guatemala,HondurasandNicaraguaaswellastheCaribbeannationoftheDominicanRepublic. "CAFTAwouldcreatethesecond-largestU.S.exportmarketinLatinAmerica,behindonlyMexico,andthe13thlargestU.S.exportmarketintheworld,"GutierreztoldtheWashingtonInternationalTradeAssociation.HesaidthemarketwouldbelargerthanAmerica'ssalestoRussia,IndiaandIndonesiacombined. WASHINGTON-TheBushad48 Gutierrezsaidthatwhile80percentofproductsfromthefiveCentralAmericannationsalreadycomeintotheUnitedStatesduty-freebecauseofvarioustradepreferenceprograms,U.S.exportersinmanycasesfacehightariffsontheirproducts. "Thisagreementlevelstherelationshipoutandgivesourcompaniesmuchbroaderaccesstothisvaluablemarket,"Gutierrezsaid,citingprivatestudiesthatestimatedthedealhasthepotentialofboostingU.S.manufacturedexportsby$3billionannuallyandincreasingU.S.farmexportsby$1.5billionperyear. HesaidafreetradeagreementwithChilehadboostedU.S.exportsby32percentinthefirstsixmonthsitwasineffectlastyear.Despitethosegains,theUnitedStatesranuparecordtradedeficitof$617billionlastyear,agapingimbalancethathasfueledprotectionistsentimentsinCongress. Gutierrezsaidthatwhil49 Askedaboutthesoaringtradedeficit,GutierrezsaidthattheproblemwassluggishgrowthinmajorU.S.tradingpartnerssuchasEuropeandJapan,whichdampensdemandforU.S.exports.Gutierrezsaidtheadministrationoverthenextfewmonthswould“payconsiderableattention”topromotingtheCAFTAdeal,whichhasbeencompletedsinceearlylastyearbuthasyettobebroughtupforavoteinCongress. DemocratsareunhappywiththedealbecausetheyclaimitdoesnotprovideenoughprotectionforAmericanworkersagainstcompetitionfromlow-wagecountrieswithlaxlaborandenvironmentalprotections. TheBushadministrationalsofacesoppositionfromDemocratsandRepublicanswhorepresenttextilemanufacturersandsugargrowers,whocontendthedealwouldseriouslyhurttheirsales. Askedaboutthesoaring50 Gutierrezsaidtheadministrationalsoplannedtopushaheadwithglobalnegotiationsbeingconductedbythe148-nationWorldTradeOrganizationtowrapuptheDohaRoundoftradetalks.Inthosediscussions,developingnationsarepressuringtheUnitedStatesandotherwealthycountriestoreducefarmsubsidiessothatfarmersinpoornationscanbettercompete. Gutierrezsaidtheadmin51I.DeterminewhetherthefollowingstatementsareTrueorFalseaccordingtothetext.Write“T”fortrueand“F”forfalseinthebrackets.1.()NowtheBushadministrationisremovingtradebarrierstoUSexports.2.()PresidentBushhaslongfocusedonwinningcongressionalapprovalfortheCAFTAinhisfirstterm.3.()AllthesalestoRussia,IndiaandIndonesiamaynotexceedthoseofthemarketCAFTAwouldcreate.4.()NeitheroftheexportersfromtheUSandthefivecentralAmericannationsischargedbyanyduty.5.()TheagreementwouldparticularlyboosttheUSexports.I.Determinewhetherthefollo521.T2.F3.T4.F5.T1.T2.F3.T4.F5.T53II.Choosethebestanswertocompleteeachofthesentences.1.Thepassagemaybea
.
A.governmentbillB.presscoverageC.speechD.thesisII.Choosethebestanswerto54II.Choosethebestanswertocompleteeachofthesentences.2.
isthelargestUSexportmarketinLatinAmerica.A.CostaRicaB.GuatemalaC.NicaraguaD.MexicoII.Choosethebestanswerto55II.Choosethebestanswertocompleteeachofthesentences.3.WhatcanweinferabouttheprotectionistsinCongressfromthesentenceunderlinedinthepassage?A.Theyarefilledwithpleasure.B.Theyarefilledwithdepression.C.Theyarefilledwithanxiety.D.Theyarefilledwithanger.II.Choosethebestanswerto56II.Choosethebestanswertocompleteeachofthesentences.4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisthemaincauseforthehightradedeficitoftheUS?
A.MajorUStradingpartnersdemandlessforUSproductsduetotheireconomicdepression.B.USexportsfacehightariffsontheirproducts.C.TheUShasn’tcreatedthelargestexportmarketinLatinAmerica.D.TheUSmanufacturerssufferfromahighlaborcost.II.Choosethebestanswerto57II.Choosethebestanswertocompleteeachofthesentences.5.TheBushadministrationmayfaceoppositionforthefollowingreasonsEXCEPT
.A.notenoughprotectionforAmericanworkersB.notenoughenvironmentalprotectionsC.seriouslyhurtingthetextileandsugarsalesD.reducingfarmsubsidiesforfarmersinpoornationstobettercompeteII.Choosethebestanswerto58FastReadingIIEUProposesProtectionForPlasticBottleIndustryUPPREV.NEXTFastReadingIIUPPREV.NEXT59 BRUSSELS--TheEuropeanUnionwantstoimposenewtradebarriersonimportedplasticfromIran,PakistanandtheUnitedArabEmirates,sayingthecountriesillegallygiveaidtoexporterswhosupplyplasticforEurope'srapidlygrowingsoft-drinksmarket.TheEuropeanCommission-theEU'sexecutive-wantstoimposedutiesworthabout€140,€44and€42pertononimportsofplasticforbottlesandfoodpackagingfromIran,PakistanandtheUAErespectively,accordingtodocumentsseenbyReutersonMonday.TheproposalfollowsaninvestigationintoallegationsofillegalsubsidiesinthethreecountriesthatwasbroughtlastyearbyEuropeanplasticsmakerswhosayillegaltradepracticesaresqueezingthemoutofEurope'smarket."Inviewofthedefinitiveconclusionsreached...itisconsideredthatadefinitivecountervailingdutyshouldbeimposedonimportsoftheproductconcernedoriginatinginIran,PakistanandtheUnitedArabEmirates,"theCommissionsaidinconclusions. BRUSSELS--TheEuropean60 Europeangovernmentsarewidelyexpectedtobacktheplannextweek.Theblochastraditionallybeenunitedinitsoppositiontoillegalforeignstateaid,diplomatssay. Europeisamajormarketforplasticsexporters.Europeancitizensbuyoneinfiveofthehalftrillionplasticbottlessoldgloballyeachyear,aswellasasignificantportionoftheworld'sfoodwrapping,accordingtoindustryestimates. European
温馨提示
- 1. 本站所有资源如无特殊说明,都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007和PDF阅读器。图纸软件为CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.压缩文件请下载最新的WinRAR软件解压。
- 2. 本站的文档不包含任何第三方提供的附件图纸等,如果需要附件,请联系上传者。文件的所有权益归上传用户所有。
- 3. 本站RAR压缩包中若带图纸,网页内容里面会有图纸预览,若没有图纸预览就没有图纸。
- 4. 未经权益所有人同意不得将文件中的内容挪作商业或盈利用途。
- 5. 人人文库网仅提供信息存储空间,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对用户上传分享的文档内容本身不做任何修改或编辑,并不能对任何下载内容负责。
- 6. 下载文件中如有侵权或不适当内容,请与我们联系,我们立即纠正。
- 7. 本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。
最新文档
- 2024-2030年中国智能天线行业市场发展趋势与前景展望战略分析报告
- 2024-2030年中国智能传感器市场深度调查研究报告
- 2024-2030年中国日用香精行业发展分析及发展前景与趋势预测研究报告
- 2024-2030年中国无源衰减器行业运营态势与前景动态预测报告
- 2024-2030年中国新鲜家禽包装行业市场发展趋势与前景展望战略分析报告
- 2024-2030年中国摊片烤片机行业消费趋势与投资规划建议研究研究报告
- web课程设计教材
- 2023年质控校准试剂凝血产品投资申请报告
- plc课程设计 喷泉
- 儿童美术创作课程设计
- 人教版道德与法治二年级上册教案含教学计划
- 第一单元 混合运算(教案)-2024-2025学年三年级上册数学北师大版
- 一年级地方课教案设计
- 叉车装卸安全合同范本
- 2024年新版七年级上册道德与法治第一课 开启初中生活1.1 奏响中学序曲 课件
- 2024年广西百色靖西市区外招聘急需紧缺人才19人历年(高频重点提升专题训练)共500题附带答案详解
- 《BIM建模技术》教案-4创建梁
- 母婴消费行为演变趋势
- 2024年第九届“学宪法、讲宪法”知识竞赛测试考试题库及答案
- 中俄东线天然气管道工程(永清-上海)环境影响报告书
- 2024年巴黎奥运会及奥运会知识宣讲课件
评论
0/150
提交评论