地表形态的塑造7(24份)-人教课标版4

第15课八年级下册

Units3—4第15课八年级下册

Units3—4重点词汇与短语1.open◎观察思考Thedoorisopen.门是开着的。Openthewindowplease.请开一下窗户。...butIcanopenupmystudents’eyestotheoutsideworld.但是我能打开学生通往外面世界的视野。Hedecidedtoopenupabusinessinthecity.他决定在城里开一家商店。重点词汇与短语1.open◎归纳拓展open形容词，意为“开着的”，反义词为closed。intheopenair在野外。open及物动词，意为“打开”，表示打开某个具体的物品。反义词为close。open不及物动词，与up连用意为“打开、开办和开设”。openupone’seyes打开某人的视野。◎归纳拓展◎即学即用1：用方框内短语或词汇的正确形式填空。beopenopenupopen(1)Theshop

from7∶00amto10∶00pmeveryday.(2)Thecentermall

at8∶30ameveryday.(3)Iwanttotravelaroundtheworldto

mymind.isopenopensopenup◎即学即用1：isopenopensopenup2.silence

◎观察思考Robertandhisfriendswalkedhometogetherinsilence.罗伯特和他的朋友一起步行回家，一路上沉默着。◎归纳拓展silence名词，意为“沉默”。其形容词形式为silent。insilence副词性短语，意为“沉默地，静静地”。beinsilence＝keep/staysilent词汇联想：insurprise惊讶地。2.silence◎即学即用2：Shereceivedthebadnews

.她默默地承受了这个坏消息。insilence◎即学即用2：insilence3.own

◎观察思考Youmaywearyourownclothes.你可以穿上你自己的衣服。Ihavearoomofmyown.我有一个属于我自己的房间。Iownacomputer.我有一台电脑。◎归纳拓展own形容词，意为“自己的”；动词，意为“拥有”，相当于have。ofone’sown属于某人自己的。onone’sown独自，独立地，与byoneself或alone意思相近。3.own◎即学即用3：()(1)I’llbring________dictionarywithme.A.myselfB.selfC.myownD.own(2)很多年轻人喜欢独处居住。Manyyoungpeoplelikeliving

.Contheirown◎即学即用3：Contheirown4.care

◎观察思考“Iknowmyparentscareaboutme，”Hesays.“我知道我的父母关心我，”他说。Carefor“MotherEarth”．关爱地球母亲。Shedoesn’tseemtocareforhim.她好像不喜欢他。◎归纳拓展care动词，意为“关心；照顾；喜爱；在乎，在意”。常用短语carefor喜欢；关心；照顾careabout关心；担心；在乎。名词，意为“当心；注意；照料”。常用短语：takecare小心；当心；注意takecareof照顾。4.care◎即学即用4：用方框内词汇或短语的正确形式填空。takecarecareforcareaboutcare(1)Lilyspentyears

hersickuncle.(2)Coffeortea,eitherisOK.Idon’t

.(3),acarmayhityou.(4)Don’t

whatotherpeoplethinkofyou,dowhatyoulike.caringforcareTakecarecareabout◎即学即用4：caringforcareTakecare5.bemadat

◎观察思考Shegotreallymadatmeandshedidn’twanttobemyfriendanymore.她真的对我很生气，并且不再想做我的朋友了。◎归纳拓展get/bemadatsb..＝get/beangrywithsb.对某人恼火。5.bemadat◎即学即用5：()Mrs.Smithwasreallymad________Dave,becausehearrivedlateagain.A.atB.inC.aboutD.onA◎即学即用5：A重点句型1.WhatwereyoudoingwhentheUFOarrived?

◎典例体验Whentheteachercamein,weweretalking.当老师进来的时候，我正在讨论。Whileweweretalking,theteachercamein.当我们正在讨论的时候，老师进来了。Mymotherwascookingwhilemyfatherwaswashingthecar.当爸爸在洗车子时，妈妈正在做饭。CouldyoupleaselookaftermyflowerswhileIamout？当我出去时，你能照顾一下我的花吗？重点句型1.Whatwereyoudoingwhe◎归纳拓展was/were＋现在分词为过去进行时态的结构。表示过去某一时间里正在发生的动作或存在的状态。when与while都可引导时间状语从句，意为“当……时”。但区别为：when既指时间点，也可指时间段；从句中的动词可以是终止性动词，也可以是延续性动词；从句的动作和主句的动作可以是同时，也可以是先后发生。while只指时间段；从句中的动词必须是延续性动词；主句的动作发生在从句动作发生的过程中或主从句两个动作同时发生。when和while还可作并列连词。when表示“在那时”；while表示“而，却”，表对照关系。when可用于表示“一……就……”的句型中，若主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时表将来。◎归纳拓展◎即学即用6：(1)Wewerehavingdinner

hecalledme.(2)Theywerehavingafootballmatch

wewerehavingameeting.(3)I’lltellmymotherthenewswhenshe

(come)back.whenwhilecomes◎即学即用6：whenwhilecomes2.BentoldLanathatMarciawasgoingtohaveasurprisepartyforher.

◎典例体验Shesaidthatshehadaboringweekend.她说她过了一个无聊的周末。Hewantedtoknowwhyhewascryinginthecorner.他想知道他为什么在角落哭。Hewonderedwhatthemanagerhadsaidatthemeeting.他想知道经理在会议上说了些什么。Theteachersaidthattheearthgoesroundthesun.老师说地球绕着太阳转。2.BentoldLanathatMarciaw◎归纳拓展学习宾语从句要抓住三要素：连接词、语序和时态。连接词：①从句为陈述句，常选择连接词that或将that省略，直接与主句相连。②从句为一般疑问句，常选择连接词if或whether。在whether...ornot结构中不能用if替换。③从句为特殊疑问句，常选择what，when，where，which，who，how等的疑问代词、副词作连接词。◎归纳拓展语序：陈述句语序。但注意，当who/what为主语时，句式为who/what＋谓语＋其他。时态：①主句是一般现在时，从句为各种时态情况。②主句是一般过去时，从句为各种相应的过去时态。注意：从句描绘客观事实，用一般现在时。宾语从句中that与what的区别：引导宾语从句时，that是个不充当任何成分的连接词，常可省略。what为连接代词，在从句中充当具体成分，且不能省略。语序：陈述句语序。但注意，当who/what为主语时，句式为◎即学即用7：()(1)Canyousee________？A.whathe’sreadingB.whatishereadingC.whatdoeshereadD.hereadswhat()(2)Somebodycalledyoujustnow,butIdidn’tknow________.A.whoweretheyB.whotheywereC.whowasitD.whoitwasAD◎即学即用7：AD()(3)HetoldmethatJapan________anislandcountry.A.wasB.isC.areD.be()(4)Ithink________youwilllikethestamps.A.thatB.whatC.ifD.how()(5)Heaskedus________weneed.A.thatB.whatC.ifD.howBAB()(3)HetoldmethatJa3.“Makesurethedoorisshut，”shesaidtoherlittleson.—Shetoldherlittlesontomakesurethedoorwasshut.

◎典例体验Shesaidtome:“Turnoffthelights,please.”她对我说：“请把灯关了。”—Shetold/askedmetoturnoffthelights.她叫我把灯关了。“Don’tsmokeintheroom，”hesaidtome.他对我说：“不要在房间里吸烟。”—Hetold/askedmenottosmokeintheroom.他告诉我不要在房间里吸烟。3.“Makesurethedoorisshut◎归纳拓展转述祈使句时，可将祈使句的动词原形变为带to的不定式，并在不定式前根据句意加上tell，ask，order等动词，其句型是：tell/ask/ordersb.(not)todosth.。◎即学即用8：Theteachersaid：“Don’tdrawontheblackboard.”(同义转换)Theteacher

ontheblackboard.told/askedusnottodraw◎归纳拓展told/askedusnottodraw4.Sheaskedmeifshecouldcopymyhomework.

◎典例体验Iwanttoknowif/whetherhewillcome.我想知道他是否会来。Wewanttoknowwhetheryouareillornot.我们想知道你是否生病了。Hehasn’tdecidedwhethertohavedinnerwithme.他还没决定是否和我共进晚餐。4.Sheaskedmeifshecouldc◎归纳拓展whether,if都可意为“是否”。但两者用法有区别：(1)与ornot连用时，只能用whether；(2)后接动词不定式时，只能用whether；(3)if能引导条件状语从句，表示“如果，假如”，而whether没有此用法。◎即学即用9：()Pleasetellme________youhavefinishedyourworkornot.A.howB.ifC.whatD.whetherD◎归纳拓展D5.Youcanimaginehowstrangeitwas!

◎典例体验Whataninterestingstory!＝Howinterestingthestoryis!多么有趣的故事！Whatbadweather！多么糟的天气！Whatwonderfulideas(wehave)!多么好的主意啊！Howtimeflies！时间过得多么快啊！5.Youcanimaginehowstrange◎归纳拓展感叹句通常由what,how引导，表示赞美、惊讶、喜、怒、哀、乐等色彩感情。what修饰名词，how修饰形容词，副词或动词。感叹句结构主要有以下几种：What＋a/an＋形容词＋名词单数＋(主语＋谓语)!What＋形容词＋复数名词＋(主语＋谓语)!What＋形容词＋不可数名词＋(主语＋谓语)!How＋形容词或副词＋主语＋谓语！How＋主语＋谓语！◎归纳拓展◎即学即用10：()(1)________wonderfulnewsreporthewrote!Allofuswereproudofhim.(2011滨州)A.WhataB.WhatC.HowD.Howa()(2)________deliciousthedishis!A.WhatB.HowC.WhataBB◎即学即用10：BB()(3)________strangeclothesheiswearing!A.WhataB.WhatC.Howa()(4)________interestingsubjectitis！A.WhatB.HowC.Whatan()(5)________foggyitwasyesterday！A.WhatB.WhataC.HowBCC()(3)________strange()(6)________strongwind!A.HowB.WhataC.What()(7)________fastTomruns！A.WhatB.WhataC.How()(8)________Imissthedaysweplayedtogether！A.WhatB.WhataC.HowBCC()(6)________strongw易混辨异1.somewhere,anywhere,everywhere

◎观察思考—MyIDcardismissing,Ilookedforiteverywhere,butIcan’tfinditanywhere.我的身份证丢了，我到处找，可是任何地方都找不到它。—Isawitsomewherethismorning.今天早上我在某个地方看见过它。I’mgoingtomovesomewhereinteresting.我打算搬到有趣的地方。易混辨异1.somewhere,anywhere,ev◎归纳拓展somewhere用于肯定句，强调的是某一处或某些地方；anywhere用于否定句、疑问句及条件句中，强调的是任何地方；everywhere强调的是每一个地方。形容词修饰不定副词somewhere/anywhere/everywhere，须置后。◎归纳拓展◎即学即用11：()(1)Wefoundhim________intheforest,heseemedill.A.somewhereB.anywhereC.everywhereD.aplace()(2)NomatterIgo________，mydogalwaysfollowsme.A.somewhereB.anywhereC.everywhereD.aplace()(3)Sometimes,rulesofetiquettearethesamealmost________.A.somewhereB.anywhereC.everywhereD.aplaceABC◎即学即用11：ABC2.message,information

◎观察思考Therewerenomessagesforme.没有消息给我。Pleasesendmetheinformationaboutyourcompany.请把你公司的信息发送给我。◎归纳拓展message可数名词，一般指(书面或口头的)信息、消息、音信。information不可数名词，一般指信息；消息；情报；资料；资讯。相关短语：takeamessageforsb.为某人捎口信；leaveamessage留口信；collect/receiveinformation搜集/接收信息。2.message,information◎即学即用12：()(1)IcametofindMr.Zhang,buthewasn’tintheoffice,Ileft________onhisdesk.A.ainformationB.amessageC.someinformationsD.somemessage()(2)Theboylikestocollectthe________aboutdinosaurontheInternet.A.informationB.messageC.informationsD.messagesBA◎即学即用12：BA3.happen,takeplace

◎观察思考Miracleshappeneveryday.奇迹每天都发生。GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChina.中国已经发生了很大改变。

3.happen,takeplace◎归纳拓展happen意为“发生”，主语一般是物，常指具体事件的发生，特别指那些偶然的或未能预见的“发生”。sth.happentosb.某事发生在某人身上；当主语是“人”时，意为“碰巧”，sb.happentodosth.某人碰巧……。takeplace通常指“(某事)按计划进行或按计划发生。”此外还有“举行”之意。◎归纳拓展◎即学即用13：(1)Theaccident

inthemorning.事故是在早上发生的。(2)Ihappened

theanswertoyourquestion.我碰巧知道你那道问题的答案。(3)Thepartywill

onFridayevening.晚会将在星期五晚上举行。(4)What

you?Youlookupset.你怎么啦？你看起来很沮丧。happenedtoknowtakeplacehappento◎即学即用13：happenedtoknowtakepl4.above,on,over

◎观察思考Thereisabookonthedesk.课桌上有一本书。Hervillagewas2,000metersabovesealevel.她的村庄在海平面2,000米以上。Thereisanationalflagovertheblackboard.黑板正上方有一面国旗。4.above,on,over◎归纳拓展这三个介词都表示“在……之上”，但含义不同。on指在某物的表面上，和某物接触。above指在某物的上方，不和某物接触，也不一定在某物的正上方。over指在某物的正上方，不和某物接触。◎归纳拓展◎即学即用14：(1)Intheday,thetemperaturewillstay

15℃.(2)TheT­shirt

thebedisMike’s.(3)Thereisanationalflag

theblackboardinourclassroom.aboveonover◎即学即用14：aboveonover5.everyday,everyday

◎观察思考Eventhemosteverydayactivitiescanseemimportant.甚至最日常的活动也可能显得很重要。Heexercisesintheparkeveryday.他每天在公园里锻炼。◎归纳拓展everyday形容词，意为“日常的”。everyday副词短语，意为“每一天”。5.everyday,everyday◎即学即用15：Shewatches

EnglishprogramsonTVafterdinner

.everydayeveryday◎即学即用15：everydayeveryday对点训练Ⅰ.用方框中所给词的适当形式填空

happenmadsilencecarefly1.Weshouldkeep

inthereadingroom.2.Therearemanypeopledownstairs.Whatdoyouthinkhas

?3.The

toBeijingisputoffbecauseofthebadweather.4.Weshould

fortheold.5.Don’tbe

atme.Iwon’tstayoutlateagain.silenthappenedflightcaremad对点训练Ⅰ.用方框中所给词的适当形式填空silenthapⅡ.单项选择()1.Franklintoldthemall________tobeinBritainagain.(2011杭州)A.hewashowhappyB.howhappyhewasC.howwashehappyD.hewashappyhow解析：考查感叹句。结构之一为how＋形容词＋主谓。故选B。BⅡ.单项选择B()2.—________thelittlegirllooks!—That’strue.Shecan’tfindherTeddyBear.(2011衢州)A.HowsadB.WhatsadC.WhatsadlyD.Howsadly解析：考查感叹句。look系动词，后接形容词，故C、D不选；且感叹句结构为：how＋形容词＋主谓。故选A。A()2.—________thelitt()3.—Lookatthatprettygirl!Doyouknow________？—Sheisadoctor.(2011衢州)A.whosheisB.whoissheC.whatsheisD.whatisshe解析：考查宾语从句及习惯用语。根据答句可知问句是询问职业，且宾语从句应用陈述句语序。故选C。C()3.—Lookatthatpret()4.MrsWhite________dinnerwhenhersoncamehome.(2011衢州)A.iscookingB.wascookingC.arecookingD.werecooking解析：考查动词时态。when引导的时间状语从句为一般过去时，主句通常为过去进行时。故选B。B()4.MrsWhite________()5.Thewomanaskedthepolicemanwhere________.A.thepostofficeisB.thepostofficewasC.isthepostofficeD.wasthepostoffice解析：考查宾语从句。asked为过去式，则此处的从句应为一般过去式，且须用陈述句语序。故选B。B()5.Thewomanaskedth()6.—Whereismywatch?Ican’tfindit.—Don’tworry.Itmustbe________inyourroom.A.somewhereB.anywhereC.everywhereD.nowhere解析：考查不定副词。句意：它一定在你房间的某个地方。“somewhere某地”符合题意。A()6.—Whereismywatch()7.—Whatdidyourparentsthinkaboutyourdecision?—Theyalwaysletmedo________IthinkIshould.A.whenB.thatC.howD.what解析：考查疑问词。句意：他们总是让我做我认为应该做的事。what引导从句做do的宾语。故选D。D()7.—Whatdidyourpar()8.—Katehaswonthefirstprizeinthesingingcompetition.—________pleasantsurprisethisgaveherclassmates!A.WhatB.HowC.WhataD.Howa解析：考查感叹句。结构之一为what＋a＋形容词＋单数名词＋主谓！故选C。C()8.—Katehaswonthe()9.Nobodyknows________.A.howwillourfuturelooklikeB.whatwillourfuturebelikeC.howourfuturewilllooklikeD.whatourfuturewillbelike解析：考查宾语从句。从句应用陈述句语序，且like介词，意为“像”，故连接词须用what。D()9.Nobodyknows____()10.—Wherewasyourbrotheratthistimelastnight?—Hewaswritingane­mail________IwaswatchingTVathome.A.assoonasB.afterC.untilD.while解析：考查连词。连接两个同时发生的动作时通常用while。D()10.—Wherewasyour()11.—Tommy,doyouknowifFrank________tothezoothisSundayifit________？—Sorry,Ihavenoidea.A.willgo;isfineB.goes;isfineC.willgo;isgoingtobefineD.goes;willbefine解析：考查if的不同用法。第一个if意为“是否”，引导宾语从句一般将来时用will＋动词原形；第二个if意为“如果”引导的从句用一般现在时表将来。故选A。A()11.—Tommy,doyouk()12.—Howareyoufeelinghere?—It’squitehot.Idon’tknow________togoorstay.A.howB.whenC.whetherD.where解析：考查疑问词辨析。从下文中的关键词or，可判断应用whether。C()12.—Howareyoufeel()13.Studentscangetmore________andknowledgeabouttheworldwhentheyunderstandEnglish.A.messageB.informationC.messagesD.informations解析：考查名词辨析。句意：当他们掌握了英语时，学生们能获得更多的关于世界的信息和知识。message可数名词，意为“消息”，information不可数名词，意为“信息”。故选