高考英语一模语法填空-定语从句讲义

Lesson1语法填空考点1：定语从句知识点知识点讲解★定语从句的定义e.g.“一个可爱的孩子”acutebaby，这个短语中用cute单个单词来修饰、限定baby。e.g.“一个正在看着你并渴望被你拥抱的孩子”无法用单个单词来修饰、限定baby，所以我们把baby提前，将修饰成分后置，用定语从句来写：ababywhoiswatchingyouandwantstobehuggedbyyou这里的baby叫做“先行词”，who是连接修饰成分的，叫做“关系词”。由此，定语从句的定义：修饰、限定先行词的从句。★关系代词1.关系代词在从句中作主语，不可省略。e.g.Thewomanwho/thatlivesnextdoorismyaunt.这里who在从句中作主语，不可省略。wholivesnextdoor修饰、限定thewoman。合并下列句子：Theyoungmanishisbrother. Theyoungmaninventedthetool.→Theyoungmanwho/thatinventedthistoolishisbrother.Thefactoryisverylarge.Thefactoryproducescars.→Thefactorywhich/thatproducescarsisverylarge.2.关系代词在从句中作宾语，可以省略。e.g.ThewomanwhoIreferredtowasonholiday.=Thewoman(who/whom/that)Ireferredtowasonholiday.合并下列句子：Thisistheboy. Ihelpedtheboy.→Thisistheboy(that/who/whom)Ihelped.Thisisthebook.Youwantthebook.→Thisisthebook(which/that)youwant.Istillremembertheholiday. Ispenttheholidaywithhim.Istillremembertheholiday(which/that)Ispentwithhim.Istillremembertheday. Ispentthedaywithyou.Istillremembertheday(which/that)Ispentwithyou.3.特殊情况：Thisisthegirlwho/that(Ibelieve)wasthedriverofthecar.Ibelieve作插入语，此句中的who/that是从句中作主语的关系词，不能省略。4.只能用that的情况，先行词是：（that在从句中作宾语，同样可以省略）(1).不定代词：all,(the)one(s),no,some,any,every…（先行词为anyone,someone等，优先用who/whom）(2).极端词：thevery,theonly,few,little,no...(3).序数词或最高级(4).既指人又指物(5).从句中作表语：Myhometownisnolongerthevillagethatitusedtobe.(6).问句中为了避免重复:WhoisthemanthatistalkingtoJohn?e.g.Thisisthebestfilmthathasbeenshownthisyear.Ilikethesecondfootballmatchthatwasheldlastweek.Theherohassavedthehorseanditsriderthatfellintotheriver.Thankyouforgivingmetheverybook(that)I’mlookingfor.Ihaveheardallthebooks(that)yougaveme.That’sall(that)Iwanttosay.★介词+关系词特征：此关系词一般情况下，使用关系代词which或whom。when=介词+whichwhere=介词+whichwhy=forwhich1.与从句中动词有关：e.g.ThiswasthefilmofwhichIspoketoyoulastweek.=Thiswasthefilm(which/that)Ispokeoftoyoulastweek.2.与从句中形容词有关：e.g.ThemeteoriteinwhichthescientistswereinterestedcrashedintoRussia.=Themeteorite(which/that)thescientistswereinterestedincrashedintoRussia.3.与先行词有关：e.g. TheSecondWorldWarduringwhich/whenmillionsofpeoplewerekilledendedin1945.I’llneverforgetthedaywhen/onwhichwemet.Thisisthetownwhere/inwhichIspentmychildhood.Thisisthereasonwhy/forwhichhewaslate.4.theway的三种写法：Theway(that/inwhich)hespokeremindedmeofhisfather.* 比较(1). Thisisthetowninwhich/whereIwasborn.Thisisthetown(which/that)Ivisitedlastweek.(2). Iwillneverforgetthedayonwhich/whenIcametoschool.Iwillneverforgettheday(which/that)Ispentwithyou.(3). Thisisthereasonwhy/forwhichhewaslate.Thisisthereason(that/which)hetoldme.(4). Istillrememberthedaywhen/onwhichIcamehere.(5). Thisisthehousewhere/inwhichIlivedlastyear.(6). Therearemanyreasonswhy/forwhichpeopleliketravelling.(7). Idon’tliketheway(inwhich/that)youspeak.(8). TheSecondWorldWarduringwhich/whenmillionspeoplewerekilledendedin1945.(9). Theseventeenthcenturywasoneinwhich/whenmanyadvancesweremadeinscience.5.whose的三种写法：Thehouseismine. Thewindowofthehouseisbroken.Thehouse +(1). whosewindowisbroken(2).thewindowofwhichisbrokenismine.(3).ofwhichthewindowisbrokenShewroteabook. Ihavepletelyforgottenitsname.→ShewroteabookwhosenameIhavepletelyforgotten.或ShewroteabookthenameofwhichIhavepletelyforgotten.或ShewroteabookofwhichthenameIhavepletelyforgotten.★非限制性定语从句特点：1.有逗号 2.去掉后主句意思仍然完整 3.关系词不能是that或whye.g.Herbrotherwhoisnowasoldieralwaysencourageshertogotocollege.（可能有其他哥哥）Herbrother,whoisnowasoldier,alwaysencourageshertogotocollege.（只有一个哥哥）注意：关系代词which可以指代整个主句或主句某一部分所表达的意义。1. Shesaidthatthemanwasathief,whichturnedouttobetrue. which指代整个主句2. Youcanseepeopleinfashionableclothes,whichshowstheymusthavewellpaidjobs.which指代“peopleinfashionableclothes”3. Youcanfindwhateveryouneedattheshoppingcenter,whichisalwaysbusyattheweekend. which指代“theshoppingcenter”★ 定从中关系代词“as”的用法1、thesame：thesameas类似 e.g.You’vegotthesamewatchasIhave.thesamethat同一个e.g.You’vegotthesamewatchthatIhave.2、so/such…as 引导定语从句，缺成分so/such…that引导状语从句，“如此……以至于……”，不缺成分e.g.SheissuchanicegirlasIlove.她是如此好的一个我爱的女孩。e.g.SheissoniceagirlthatIloveher.她是如此好的一个女孩，所以我爱她。语法语法填空精选试题2024一模宝山区 Thefirstisvolume:Bigdatainvolveslargeamountsofdata,mostof(23)_____eswithoutstructureororganization. Key:which2024一模崇明区 “Andfindingslikethis—it’samoment(30)_____scientistslivefor.” Key:that/which2024一模黄浦区 Thisweekend,youcouldforinstanceseekoutsomeveganicecream(27)______doesn’ttasteterrible. Key:that/which2024一模静安区 Thesuccessrateforforeignstudentswasamerely106studentslastyear(28)______hasslightlyimprovedto216studentsthisyear. Key:which2024一模金山区 Itwasaphotoofalittlegirl(26)______Ididn’tknow,winningfirstprizeinaschooltalentshow.Key:who/whom/that2024一模闵行区 Smartphoneappsalreadyexistthrough(23)______thesoundsofbirdsormammals(哺乳动物)canbeidentified.Key:which2024一模青浦区 Herspontaneousidea,shesays,hashadaprofoundeffectonthewomen(30)______werepartofit. Key:who/that2024一模松江区 ThemanyGenerationZandmillennialstendtousethisshorttermfinancing(22)______allowsthemtobuyitemsandpayforthemovertime. Key:which2024一模松江区 It’sbeenalifelineforsomepeople,suchasauniversitystudent(25)______weeklyineisnotbigenough.Key:whose2024一模徐汇区 Thecavesupportsmorethan130wildlifespeciessuchastheeyelesscavefish(29)______hasadaptedtothelightlessenvironmentbynolongergrowingeyes. Key:which2024一模杨浦区 Thereismorethansufficientfoodforeveryone,40%of(22)________isunfortunatelywastedeveryday.Key:which2024一模长宁区 Inmostcases,thechildhasexperiencedsignificantfrustrationsresultingfromthedeathorabsenceofaparent,haswitnessedorbeenvictimsofviolence,orhashadasignifi